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<document id="1D21D2ED9FBCE9E159300CA75BBAA3ED" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A80010779BFF62FF14A3F394C1FB5F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho 1976" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="207" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7A0B354EBC245BE87C3CE371F1A610A7">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FED39D1324297E7EF741930DDF246E00">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="00602418DA9EC7398232EFB44B4C6EE6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="6E11A28071AE0FF5E69015276B089329">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1523BDFEC57B1B8D44CF58D834257E7F" type="CLB-Dataset">37320</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BD3440A9FFBA846B281F40A8EDC30B57" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A80010779BFF62FF14A3F394C1FB5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698774" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010779BFF62FF14A3F394C1FB5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A80010779BFF62FF14A3F394C1FB5F" lastPageId="206" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D779BFF60FF14A3F391D8FF49" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779BFF60FF14A3F392D0FF28" blockId="204.[151,685,152,211]" box="[151,685,152,178]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="D0F6066A779BFF60FF14A3F392D0FF28" bold="true" box="[151,685,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85779BFF60FF14A3F392D0FF28" ID-CoL="3H88N" authority="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,685,152,178]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempfi">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779BFF60FF14A3F392D0FF28" bold="true" box="[151,685,152,178]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779BFF60FF14A3F3912DFF28" bold="true" box="[151,336,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Grantia kempfi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7779BFF60FED4A3F392D0FF28" author="Borojevic" box="[343,685,152,178]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Peixinho, S. (1976) Eponges calcaires du Nord-Nord-Est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (3, A) 402, 987 - 1036." type="journal article" year="1976">Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779BFF60FF14A3D191D8FF49" blockId="204.[151,685,152,211]" box="[151,421,186,211]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<figureCitation id="133AAD83779BFF60FF14A3D19161FF49" box="[151,284,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 130" captionStartId="204.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@204.[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetPageId="204" captionText="FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Figures 130</figureCitation>
a–d, 131a–h
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D779BFF60FF14A3959369FE89" box="[151,788,253,275]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779BFF60FF14A3959369FE89" blockId="204.[151,788,253,275]" box="[151,788,253,275]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB119628779BFF60FF14A3959369FE89" box="[151,788,253,275]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85779BFF60FF14A39592EAFE89" ID-CoL="3H88N" authority="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976: 1019" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho" authorityPageNumber="1019" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,663,253,275]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempfi">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779BFF60FF14A395914CFE89" box="[151,305,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Grantia kempfi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717779BFF60FEB4A39692EAFE89" author="Borojevic" box="[311,663,253,275]" page="1019" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7779BFF60FEB4A3969225FE89" author="Borojevic" box="[311,600,253,275]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Peixinho, S. (1976) Eponges calcaires du Nord-Nord-Est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (3, A) 402, 987 - 1036." type="journal article" year="1976">Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 1019
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 19–20.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D779BFF60FF14A2519372FEED" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779BFF60FF14A2519372FEED" blockId="204.[151,1437,314,483]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B779BFF60FF14A2519371FEED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726480" collectingDate="1970-08-31" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="71" latitude="7.5833" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779BFF60FF14A25191F5FEC9" bold="true" box="[151,392,314,339]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<location id="8EDEE7DD779BFF60FF14A2519082FEC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010779BFF62FF14A3F394C1FB5F:8EDEE7DD779BFF60FF14A2519082FEC9" box="[151,255,314,339]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.5833" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" name="Material" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C3779BFF60FE16A2509194FEC8" box="[405,489,315,338]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9941,
<collectingCountry id="F316F196779BFF60FDFCA25092A4FEC9" box="[639,729,315,339]" name="Guyana" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’
<collectingCountry id="F316F196779BFF60FCE4A25093C3FEC9" box="[871,958,315,339]" name="Guyana" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 63,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C1779BFF60FAB3A25195E1FEC9" box="[1328,1436,314,339]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" precision="5" value="7.5833">7.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C1779BFF60FF14A235916AFEED" box="[151,279,350,375]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" precision="5" value="-57.0667">57.0667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE3779BFF60FEEBA23491DEFEEC" box="[360,419,351,375]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation id="002C5635779BFF60FEEBA23491DEFEEC" box="[360,419,351,375]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, sandy bottom,
<date id="FFBF97C6779BFF60FDD6A2349371FEED" box="[597,780,351,375]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" value="1970-08-31">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E779BFF60FDD6A2349371FEED" box="[597,780,351,375]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" value="1970-08-31">31 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D779BFF62FF44A2E99504FC1A" lastPageId="206" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779BFF60FF44A2E99123FE79" blockId="204.[151,1437,314,483]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779BFF60FF44A2E99124FE01" bold="true" box="[199,345,386,411]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD83779BFF60FEE4A2E991BAFE01" box="[359,455,386,411]" captionStart="FIGURE 130" captionStartId="204.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@204.[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetPageId="204" captionText="FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
a) Tubular sycon-like sponge, with coarsely spined surface and prominent apical fringe. Length
<quantity id="4CF91CE3779BFF60FF77A2CD9136FE24" box="[244,331,422,447]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="4CF91CE3779BFF60FE4DA2CD925CFE24" box="[462,545,422,447]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
at its widest thickness. Color in alcohol dirty white, fringe shiny white. Consistency firm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7EE18E779BFF60FF14A4DC944CF876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" targetBox="[151,1436,535,1953]" targetPageId="204">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779BFF60FF14A4DC944CF876" blockId="204.[151,1435,1975,2028]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779BFF60FF14A4DC9152F856" bold="true" box="[151,303,1975,1997]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">FIGURE 130.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85779BFF60FEBBA4D3937BF857" authority="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho" authorityYear="1976" box="[312,774,1975,1997]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempfi">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779BFF60FEBBA4D391A9F857" box="[312,468,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Grantia kempfi</emphasis>
Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7EE18E779AFF61FF14A53492F7F928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" targetPageId="205">
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779AFF61FF14A53492F7F928" blockId="205.[151,1436,1631,1714]" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779AFF61FF14A5349152F9EE" bold="true" box="[151,303,1631,1653]" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 131.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85779AFF61FEB4A50B937EF9EF" authority="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Peixinho" authorityYear="1976" box="[311,771,1631,1653]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempfi">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779AFF61FEB4A50B91AEF9EF" box="[311,467,1631,1653]" italics="true" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Grantia kempfi</emphasis>
Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976
</taxonomicName>
, a–i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h1, details of h, i, fringe triactine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBEB106779AFF61FF44A5B1913BF875" blockId="205.[151,1437,1754,2031]" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B9756D14779AFF61FF44A5B19148F969" bold="true" box="[199,309,1754,1779]" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD83779AFF61FEC7A5B191DAF969" box="[324,423,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 130" captionStartId="204.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@204.[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetPageId="204" captionText="FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Figs 130</figureCitation>
b–d) Syconoid structure (
<figureCitation id="133AAD83779AFF61FD45A5B19355F969" box="[710,808,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 130" captionStartId="204.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@204.[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetPageId="204" captionText="FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
b). Cortical ectosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation id="133AAD83779AFF61FB17A5B19489F969" box="[1172,1268,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 130" captionStartId="204.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@204.[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetPageId="204" captionText="FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
c) consists of a layer of ‘curly’ triactines with characteristically curved unpaired actine, among which giant diactines protrude far beyond the surface. The chamber layer is a regular system of tubar triactines and a minority of tetractines, aligning the choanocyte chambers with unpaired actine directed outwards. Subatrial triactines distinguished from the tubar triactines by their longer unpaired actines. Atrial skeleton (
<figureCitation id="133AAD83779AFF61FCBEA40193E2F819" box="[829,927,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 130" captionStartId="204.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@204.[151,1436,535,1953]" captionTargetPageId="204" captionText="FIGURE 130. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9941 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, SEM images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, overview, c, cortical skeleton, d, atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273080/files/figure.png" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
d) a mixture of tri- and tetractines, the latter having their apical actines protruding in the atrial cavity. The skeleton of the fringe consists of long thin diactines, the region of attachment to the main body is supported by T-shaped triactines distinct from the tubar, cortical and atrial triactines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A3FC955AFF2A" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" box="[199,1319,151,176]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF44A3FC914DFF2A" bold="true" box="[199,304,151,176]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FEBCA3FC91E2FF2A" box="[319,415,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Figs 131</figureCitation>
a–h) Giant diactines, fringe diactines, at least four
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47799FF62FC54A3F3946FFF2A" box="[983,1042,152,176]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">types</typeStatus>
of triactines, tetractines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A3D79269FF62" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Giant diactines (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE15A3D7927DFF4E" box="[406,512,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
a) of the cortical region, asymmetrically fusiform, in a large size range, 168–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF4CA38B9084FF62" box="[207,249,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">727</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FE84A38B9108FF62" box="[263,373,223,248]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" value="1320-10-15">1320 x 15</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FE06A3B491CBFF62" box="[389,438,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">32.6</emphasis>
–51 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A26F91BAFEFF" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Cortical triactines (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE25A26F9273FE87" box="[422,526,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Figs 131</figureCitation>
b), irregularly three-dimensional, with unpaired actines strongly curled, paired actines almost in one plane, rather uniform in size, unpaired actines 57–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FC4CA24C9384FEDA" box="[975,1017,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">106</emphasis>
–129 x 5.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FB01A24C94D8FEDA" box="[1154,1189,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">6.6</emphasis>
–8 µm, paired actines 54–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF42A22790A0FEFE" box="[193,221,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">73</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FF6FA2279152FEFF" box="[236,303,332,357]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" value="1989-10-05">89 x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FEBCA227911FFEFF" box="[319,354,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">6.3</emphasis>
–7.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A2049399FE37" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Tubar triactines (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE0EA204918CFE12" box="[397,497,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
c), with paired actines at a low angle, tending towards being T-shaped, unpaired actines 96–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FE96A2FF9146FE36" box="[277,315,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">112</emphasis>
–138
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FEFEA2FE91E3FE36" box="[381,414,405,428]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 7</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FE2EA2FF91ADFE36" box="[429,464,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">8.2</emphasis>
–9 µm, paired actines 63–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FD70A2FF9372FE37" box="[755,783,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">76</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FC9DA2FF931FFE37" box="[798,866,404,429]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" value="1991-10-06">91 x 6</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FCF2A2FF93E9FE37" box="[881,916,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">6.8</emphasis>
–8 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A2DC951FFE6F" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Tubar tetractines (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE11A2DC918CFE4A" box="[402,497,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
d), with paired and apical actines at a low angle like those of the triactines, unpaired actines 87–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FE96A2B7914CFE6E" box="[277,305,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">97</emphasis>
–130
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FEF2A2B691EFFE6F" box="[369,402,476,501]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FE21A2B791B8FE6E" box="[418,453,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">5.8</emphasis>
–7, paired actines 57–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FD39A2B792ABFE6E" box="[698,726,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">92</emphasis>
–105
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FC96A2B6934BFE6F" box="[789,822,476,501]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FCC5A2B69314FE6E" box="[838,873,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">5.5</emphasis>
–6.5, apical actines 15–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FBF2A2B794F0FE6E" box="[1137,1165,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">20</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FB18A2B794A2FE6E" box="[1179,1247,476,500]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" value="1929-10-03">29 x 3</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FB6CA2B7956FFE6E" box="[1263,1298,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">4.4</emphasis>
–6 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A294947FFDA7" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Subatrial triactines (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE2DA294926CFD82" box="[430,529,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
e), sagittal, with curved paired actines, rather uniform in size, unpaired actines 151–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF4CA14F9084FDA6" box="[207,249,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">159</emphasis>
–168 x 6.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FEFDA14F91DCFDA6" box="[382,417,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">7.4</emphasis>
–8.5 µm, unpaired actines 88–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FD77A14F9363FDA6" box="[756,798,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">103</emphasis>
–126
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FCDEA14E9302FDA7" box="[861,895,548,573]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FC0DA14F93CCFDA6" box="[910,945,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">5.4</emphasis>
–6 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A12C9146FD1F" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Atrial triactines (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE0BA12C9195FDFA" box="[392,488,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
f), sagittal, unpaired actines 61–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FCD5A123930FFDFA" box="[854,882,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">89</emphasis>
–135
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FC30A12393ABFDFA" box="[947,982,583,608]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 6</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FC66A12C9475FDFA" box="[997,1032,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">6.3</emphasis>
–7 µm, paired actines 51–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FAB2A1239530FDC5" box="[1329,1357,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">77</emphasis>
–105
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FA0DA12390D9FD1F" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF30A10790ABFD1F" box="[179,214,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">5.6</emphasis>
–6.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A1E49146FD6A" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Atrial tetractines (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE15A1E49185FD32" box="[406,504,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CF91CE37799FF62FE4FA1FB9185FD32" box="[460,504,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.31" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" unit="g" value="131.0">131</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g), sagittal, largely similar in size and shape to atrial triactines but slightly larger, unpaired actines 60–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FEFCA1DF91D4FD56" box="[383,425,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">123</emphasis>
–195
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FE6AA1DE9276FD57" box="[489,523,692,717]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FD98A1DF9243FD57" box="[539,574,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">6.4</emphasis>
–8 µm, paired actines 78–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FCE1A1DF93F1FD56" box="[866,908,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">101</emphasis>
–117 x 4.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FB92A1DF9449FD57" box="[1041,1076,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">6.3</emphasis>
–8 µm, apical actines 15–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FAD5A1DF950FFD56" box="[1366,1394,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">30</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FA02A1DF90C5FD6A" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" value="1966-10-03">66 x 3</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF4BA1BC9096FD6A" box="[200,235,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">4.6</emphasis>
–6 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A1979134FCA2" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Diactines of the fringe (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FE4CA197924DFC8F" box="[463,560,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
h,h1), long, straight, thin, slightly asymmetrical in thickness,
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FB5BA197952BFC8E" box="[1240,1366,764,789]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" value="1495" valueMax="1748">
1495–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FA9DA197952BFC8E" box="[1310,1366,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">1748</emphasis>
</date>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FAE7A19790C5FCA2" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" value="2040-10-03">2040 x 3</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF4BA0749096FCA2" box="[200,235,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">7.6</emphasis>
–12 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A02F9504FC1A" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
Triactines of the oscular membrane (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837799FF62FDFAA02F92A2FCC7" box="[633,735,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 131" captionStartId="205.[151,250,1631,1653]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@205.[151,1436,193,1610]" captionTargetPageId="205" captionText="FIGURE 131. Grantia kempfi Borojevic &amp; Peixinho, 1976, a – i, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9941, a, giant diactine, b, cortical triactines, c, tubar triactines, d, tubar tetractine, e, subtrial triactine, f, atrial triactine, g, atrial tetractine, h, fringe diactine, h 1, details of h, i, fringe triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273081/files/figure.png" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
i), paired actines longer than unpaired actines, with broader outline, T-shaped, unpaired actines 123–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FDDFA00C92FBFC1A" box="[604,646,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">164</emphasis>
–192 x 4.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FC88A0039353FCE5" box="[779,814,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">5.7</emphasis>
–8 µm, paired actines 141–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FBDDA00394F5FC1A" box="[1118,1160,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">179</emphasis>
–219
<date id="FFBF97C67799FF62FB44A0039494FC1A" box="[1223,1257,871,896]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FB7BA0039566FC1A" box="[1272,1307,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">7.3</emphasis>
–10 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7799FF62FF44A0E794CAFC3F" box="[199,1207,908,933]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A0E794CAFC3F" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" box="[199,1207,908,933]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF44A0E7918FFC3F" bold="true" box="[199,498,908,933]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967799FF62FE7AA0E7922DFC3E" box="[505,592,908,932]" name="Guyana" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, NE
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967799FF62FD4EA0E79369FC3F" box="[717,788,908,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on sandy bottoms at
<quantity id="4CF91CE37799FF62FB84A0E79417FC3E" box="[1031,1130,908,932]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="19.0">19–71 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7799FF62FF44A0C494C1FB5F" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067799FF62FF44A0C494C1FB5F" blockId="206.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7799FF62FF44A0C494C1FB5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726496" collectorName="Nevertheless, I" country="Brazil" location="Pernambuco" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Pernambuco" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9756D147799FF62FF44A0C49146FC52" bold="true" box="[199,315,943,968]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Remarks.</emphasis>
Shape and general skeletal characters match closely with the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47799FF62FC7CA0DB9452FC52" box="[1023,1071,944,968]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
material from
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47799FF62FB58A0C49517FC52" box="[1243,1386,943,968]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
, NE
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967799FF62FF14A0BF90A2FC77" box="[151,223,980,1005]" name="Brazil" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77799FF62FF6AA0BF9253FC77" author="Borojevic" box="[233,558,980,1005]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Peixinho, S. (1976) Eponges calcaires du Nord-Nord-Est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (3, A) 402, 987 - 1036." type="journal article" year="1976">Borojevic &amp; Peixinho (1976)</bibRefCitation>
(p. 1021) interpreted the curiously curved triactines as ‘triactines des ostioles’. However, this is not my interpretation, as these spicules are numerous and form a distinct cortical layer over the triactines of the chamber region. The spicules with shorter actines indicated as cortical triactines by Borojevic &amp; Peixinho are grading into those lining the choanocyte chambers. They are quite variable with respect to the length of the unpaired actines, and in my opinion belong to the subcortical upper layer of the chamber region. Furthermore there are slight differences in the size ranges of the various spicule
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47799FF62FC24A7E3939BFB3A" box="[935,998,1160,1184]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">types</typeStatus>
.
<collectorName id="26F4D4D07799FF62FC70A7EC94E0FB05" box="[1011,1181,1159,1184]" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Nevertheless, I</collectorName>
am confident that the more northern and deeper occurrence of the species is well established by the present material.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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