393 lines
44 KiB
XML
393 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107737FFCFFF14A6E59523FEA1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Geodia sulcata Van, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698646" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698646" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107737FFCFFF14A6E59523FEA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107737FFCFFF14A6E59523FEA1" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[151,431,1422,1482]" box="[151,431,1422,1448]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,431,1422,1448]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,431,1422,1448]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,331,1422,1448]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,331,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Geodia sulcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[338,431,1422,1448]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[151,431,1422,1482]" box="[151,310,1457,1482]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation box="[151,270,1457,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figures 60</figureCitation>
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a–g
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[151,1437,1526,2037]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726335" collectingDate="1970-08-26" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="76" latitude="6.7333" location="Material" longLatPrecision="551" longitude="-52.75" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,385,1526,1551]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107737FFCFFF14A6E59523FEA1:8EDEE7DD7737FFCCFF14A69D9082F995" box="[151,255,1526,1551]" country="Guyana" latitude="6.7333" longLatPrecision="551" longitude="-52.75" name="Material" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[392,496,1526,1551]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode box="[503,587,1527,1550]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9336, French
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<collectingCountry box="[802,892,1527,1551]" name="Guyana" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry box="[1020,1107,1527,1551]" name="Guyana" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 14,
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,259,1561,1586]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" precision="5" value="6.7333">6.7333°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[266,367,1561,1586]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" precision="555" value="-52.75">52.75°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[447,507,1561,1586]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="76.0">
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<elevation box="[447,507,1561,1586]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="76.0">76 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, bottom muddy calcareous sand,
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<date box="[880,1063,1561,1586]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1970-08-26">
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<collectingDate box="[880,1063,1561,1586]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1970-08-26">26 August 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[151,1437,1526,2037]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1596,1621]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Description.</emphasis>
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Columnar, grey-brown sponge (
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<figureCitation box="[741,831,1596,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
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a) with a deeply grooved rough surface. Grooves extending over its entire length. Height
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<quantity box="[610,685,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
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, diameter
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<quantity box="[806,866,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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, with terminal vent of
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<quantity box="[1131,1210,1630,1655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
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diameter. Diameter largest about halfway the length of the specimen, constricted at the base (but not with a clear stalk) and gradually narrowing to a rounded upper part, with terminal vent flush with the surface. Consistency hard, incompressible. Several specimens photographed on-deck by CREOCEAN in French Gyanan waters have redbrown color outside and light-brown inside. Specimens showed lengthwise grooves which were often branching off or following an oblique course. Size may be up to
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<quantity box="[560,632,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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in height,
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<quantity box="[762,834,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. Larger specimens may have additional oscules at the top of ribs separated by the grooves.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[151,1437,1526,2037]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1873,1898]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Cortical skeleton of
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<quantity box="[559,628,1873,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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thickness, strictly radiate, consisting of a dense palisade made up of bouquets of oxeas, supported by a subcortical layer of aligned cladomes of the orthotriaenes and a thin layer of small thick-rayed spheroxyasters. In this region a few scattered sterrasters are found (arrows in
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<figureCitation box="[1212,1292,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
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b), which are presumed to be proper despite their rareness. Choanosomal skeleton largely radiate, few loose megascleres, high spicular density, with scattered oxyasters.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" targetPageId="97">
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||
<paragraph blockId="97.[151,1436,1877,2022]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,287,1877,1899]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">FIGURE 60.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName box="[292,445,1877,1899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis box="[292,445,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Geodia sulcata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[452,539,1878,1899]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[452,535,1878,1899]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
,
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||
</emphasis>
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||
a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c–f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h–i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,1280,151,176]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,151,176]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[319,404,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 60</figureCitation>
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c–i) Oxeas, orthotriaenes, sterrasters, acanthoxyasters, acanthospheroxyasters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,1212,186,211]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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Oxeas 1 (
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<figureCitation box="[305,395,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 60</figureCitation>
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c,c1), long, thin, straight, symmetrical, 954–
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<emphasis box="[886,942,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">1244</emphasis>
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||
–
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||
<date box="[957,1053,186,211]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1855-10-09">1855 x 9</date>
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–
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||
<emphasis box="[1068,1117,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">12.1</emphasis>
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–18 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,1262,221,246]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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Oxeas 2 (
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<figureCitation box="[305,394,221,246]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 60</figureCitation>
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||
d,d1), fusiform, relatively fat, often curved, 594–
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<emphasis box="[939,981,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">857</emphasis>
|
||
–
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||
<date box="[995,1103,222,246]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1110-10-17">1110 x 17</date>
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||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[1119,1168,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">28.7</emphasis>
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||
–42 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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Orthotriaenes (
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||
<figureCitation box="[370,463,255,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 60</figureCitation>
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||
e,e1), cladi almost at right angles to the shaft, rhabdome straight or slightly curved, tapering to a thin end; rhabdomes 602–
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,694,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">922</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[709,838,290,315]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1262-10-11">1262 x 11</date>
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||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[854,903,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">21.1</emphasis>
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||
–27 µm, cladomes 123–
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||
<emphasis box="[1204,1246,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">269</emphasis>
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||
–330 µm, cladi 63–
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||
<emphasis box="[193,235,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">146</emphasis>
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||
–207
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||
<date box="[298,332,326,350]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">x 9</date>
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||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[347,396,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">16.7</emphasis>
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–21 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,1253,359,384]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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Oxeas 3 (
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<figureCitation box="[305,393,359,384]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 60</figureCitation>
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f,f1), cortical, short, thin, straight, symmetrical, 408–
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<emphasis box="[984,1026,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">493</emphasis>
|
||
–612
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||
<date box="[1089,1123,359,384]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">x 5</date>
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–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1138,1173,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">6.6</emphasis>
|
||
–8 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,1151,394,419]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Sterrasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[332,415,394,419]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[384,415,394,419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="g" value="60.0">60</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g), not certainly proper (see below), rounded-globular, 28–38 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Large, spined acanthoxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[552,639,429,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 60</figureCitation>
|
||
h), center smooth, not swollen, prominent hooked spines cover most of the length of each ray, 14.5–18.4–22 µm, with 5–6.6–8 rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Small, spined acanthoxyspherasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[624,715,498,523]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 60. Geodia sulcata sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9336 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing palisade of small oxeas carried by cladomes of orthotriaenes and presence of rare sterrasters (arrows), c – f, SEM images of megascleres, c, oxea 1, c 1, detail of one of the apices of c, d, oxea 2, d 1, detail of one of the apices of d, e, orthotriaene, e 1, cladome of orthotriaene e, f, oxea 3, f 1, detail of one of the apices of f, g, light microscopic image of sterraster, h – i, SEM images of microscleres, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273011/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<date box="[684,715,498,523]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1960-01">60</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
i), with smooth enlarged center, 5.5–7.6–9 µm, with 6–7.5–10 rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,497,567,592]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[504,591,568,592]" name="Guyana" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf, muddy sand bottom at
|
||
<specimenCount box="[924,988,567,592]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity box="[924,984,567,592]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="76.0">76 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
CREOCEAN specimens were collected between 76 and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[334,398,603,627]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity box="[334,394,603,627]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="83.0">83 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,1039,637,662]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,1039,637,662]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,637,662]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Sulcatus (L.) means grooved, referring to the grooved surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,671,696]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus assignment of this new species is tentative and based on the presence of a cortical skeleton of small oxeas with only very few scattered small sterrasters, carried by the cladomes of underlying orthotriaenes. At first the material was assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[858,949,741,766]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,949,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with as characteristic features of the new species the lengthwise grooved surface, the presence of orthotriaenes, three sizes of oxeas, in combination with choanosomal acanthoxyasters and small cortical acanthoxyspherasters.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[967,1001,811,834]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">No</collectingRegion>
|
||
descriptions of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1189,1272,810,835]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1281,1336,811,834]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,242,845,870]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,242,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species match these features. The orthotriaenes are relatively small and thin compared to triaenes of other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,293,879,904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence of a few small sterrasters in the slides of the present specimen were at first considered contamination, e.g. from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[435,636,914,939]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibberosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[435,636,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia gibberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in the same station. These are sparingly present in the region between the outer palisade of oxeas and the layer of subcortical cladomes of the orthotriaenes. It nevertheless induced me to consider the possibility that the present specimen could be a
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1049,1132,983,1008]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1132,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with reduced presence of sterrasters. These spicules were of the same dimension (28–38 µm) as those described e.g. for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylastra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1258,1435,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia tylastra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boury-Esnault" box="[151,390,1053,1078]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la " Calypso "." type="book" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, likewise a grooved species, and several other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[937,1020,1053,1078]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[937,1020,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. However, the sterrasters in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,234,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,234,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species form a thick ectosomal outer cortex differing strongly from the situation in the present species. Still, no
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[252,343,1122,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[252,343,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is known to have a similar outer cortical layer of aligned small oxeas, whereas many
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,234,1157,1182]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,234,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have their cortex supported with short cortical oxeas similar in size and shape to those of the present specimen. Furthermore, absence or rareness of aspidasters in the geodiid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1212,1285,1191,1216]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1212,1285,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Erylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forming an ectosomal layer comparable to sterrasters in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[668,750,1226,1251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[668,750,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been reported e.g. for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Topsent, 1927" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1927" box="[1075,1433,1226,1251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deficiens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1075,1258,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Erylus deficiens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent" box="[1267,1433,1227,1251]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 502, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1927">Topsent, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, with considerable hesitation I propose here to erect for the present material a new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1259,1341,1261,1286]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1259,1341,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,216,1295,1320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguishing character the virtual absence of sterrasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Apart from this virtual absence of a cortical layer of sterrasters, the new species shows similarities with four
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[151,234,1365,1390]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[240,295,1366,1389]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[398,481,1365,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,481,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" box="[582,843,1365,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neptuni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[582,696,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. neptuni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" box="[702,843,1365,1390]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" box="[853,1133,1365,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vosmaeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,986,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. vosmaeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" box="[992,1133,1365,1390]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylastra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1144,1259,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. tylastra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boury-Esnault" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la " Calypso "." type="book" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hajdu et al. 1992" authorityName="Hajdu et al." authorityYear="1992" box="[260,662,1399,1424]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corticostylifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[260,462,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. corticostylifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hajdu" box="[468,662,1399,1424]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Hajdu, E., Muricy, G., Custodio, M., Russo, C. & Peixinho, S. (1992) Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new astrophorid from the Brazilian coast (Southwestern Atlantic). Bulletin of Marine Science, 51 (2), 204 - 217." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Hajdu
|
||
<emphasis box="[544,600,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all have a grooved and indented surface reminding of that of the new species, and their general spicule complement is closely similar in all four.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1006,1122,1435,1459]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neptuni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1006,1122,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. neptuni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is large cup-shaped sponge with irregular grooved surface, not as deeply grooved as the new species. Its description by Sollas mentions the presence of an anatriaene and a further differentiation in larger and smaller ‘chiasters’ next to the spherasters, unlike the new species. There is apparently no differentiation in the oxeas, although later descriptions (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hajdu" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Hajdu, E., Muricy, G., Custodio, M., Russo, C. & Peixinho, S. (1992) Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new astrophorid from the Brazilian coast (Southwestern Atlantic). Bulletin of Marine Science, 51 (2), 204 - 217." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Hajdu
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 2) do report cortical oxeas. The cylindrical
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[803,936,1574,1597]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vosmaeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[803,936,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. vosmaeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was distinguished by Sollas from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1321,1436,1574,1597]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neptuni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1321,1436,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. neptuni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of cortical oxeas, which were upon re-examination found to occur also in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1212,1330,1608,1632]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neptuni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1212,1330,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. neptuni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also described a very thin sterraster layer in the cortex, differing clearly from the thick sterraster layer of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1312,1429,1643,1667]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neptuni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1429,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. neptuni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiedenmayer" box="[151,388,1677,1702]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[537,750,1677,1702]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Hajdu, E., Muricy, G., Custodio, M., Russo, C. & Peixinho, S. (1992) Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new astrophorid from the Brazilian coast (Southwestern Atlantic). Bulletin of Marine Science, 51 (2), 204 - 217." type="journal article">
|
||
Hajdu
|
||
<emphasis box="[612,668,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
declared the two species synonymous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Judging from
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[357,603,1711,1736]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Serie Livros 46, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, pp. 1 - 300." type="journal article">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis box="[447,504,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
’s (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
photo of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[755,803,1712,1736]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[841,959,1711,1736]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylastra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[841,959,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. tylastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(their fig. 7C) it is in shape inbetween the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[343,545,1746,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corticostylifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[343,545,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. corticostylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: globular with irregular deep grooves and pits. It is probably the closest to the new species of the four mentioned
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[547,630,1781,1806]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[637,692,1782,1805]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic species. It differs in having the oxea length about half of those of the new species and by the presence of tylasters, lacking in the new species. There is no mention in the description of Boury-Esnault of the presence of cortical oxeas, and a differentiation of long-thin and fusiform oxeas has not been noted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastBlockId="99.[151,1436,151,315]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[199,416,1919,1944]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refString="Hajdu, E., Muricy, G., Custodio, M., Russo, C. & Peixinho, S. (1992) Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new astrophorid from the Brazilian coast (Southwestern Atlantic). Bulletin of Marine Science, 51 (2), 204 - 217." type="journal article">
|
||
Hajdu
|
||
<emphasis box="[276,334,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[514,718,1919,1944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corticostylifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[514,718,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">G. corticostylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of a semiglobular shape with pitted shape and the modification of the cortical oxeas to styles. Apart from the differentiation in long-thin and fusiform oxeas (which may have been overlooked), the spiculation is quite similar to that of the new species. Small differences in size appear in the cortical oxeas/styles (only up to 500 µm) and the orthotriaenes (only up to 1100 µm), leaving shape and the presence of the sterrasters as the main differences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="99.[151,1436,151,315]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">The possibility that variability will be found to exist in shape characters and relative thickness and presence of sterraster layers leading up to the existence of a single variable species encompassing all species discussed here can not be entirely excluded. Further work, supported by molecular sequences is needed to confirm or refute this.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |