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<document id="1E4EE5B1CCB7C342DB9C95CCDA3D93A5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5264362" ID-ZooBank="22089255-436A-4DBB-BD93-1D3C8CF281FE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629854688094" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2013" docId="039B197EFFC5F55FE6F9FA2AFAA116C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03648p072.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3648 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pasya quadridentata" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFA26106FFDFF544E66EFFC3FF991441" masterDocTitle="Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1699122038660" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C7697F3FE871C065D97F157A63295791">Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="5B547D4C4AA256B3BE71F4D229AA16D9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039B197EFFC5F55FE6F9FA2AFAA116C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5263402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFC5F55FE6F9FA2AFAA116C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B197EFFC5F55FE6F9FA2AFAA116C5" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFC5F55EE6F9FA2AFD271243" box="[151,702,1512,1539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC5F55EE6F9FA2AFD271243" blockId="26.[151,702,1512,1572]" box="[151,702,1512,1539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0C51F04FFC5F55EE6F9FA2AFD271243" bold="true" box="[151,702,1512,1539]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE6F9FA2AFD271243" ID-CoL="8Z9ZT" authority="(Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[151,702,1512,1539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Pasya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6F9FA2AFD271243" bold="true" box="[151,702,1512,1539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6F9FA2AFE171242" bold="true" box="[151,398,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pasya quadridentata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE7F3FA2BFD2F1243" author="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D." box="[413,694,1512,1538]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref51596" refString="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis … Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White &amp; Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp." type="book" year="1786">Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFC5F55EE6F9F9CFFF651265" box="[151,252,1548,1572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC5F55EE6F9F9CFFF651265" blockId="26.[151,702,1512,1572]" box="[151,252,1548,1572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFC5F55EE6F9F9CFFF651265" box="[151,252,1548,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[262,1315,211,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-173@24.[254,1335,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. a, Diphasia digitalis: part of a hydrocladium with hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B3964, scale equals 0.25 mm. b, Dynamena crisioides: part of hydrocaulus with basal part of a hydrocladium and hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3965, scale equals 0.25 mm. c, Dynamena dalmasi: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B1081, scale equals 0.25 mm. d, Dynamena disticha: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B3966, scale equals 0.20 mm. e, Pasya quadridentata: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B1085, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Pasya quadridentata: gonotheca, ROMIZ B1085, scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Salacia desmoides: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B3967, scale equals 0.25 mm. h, Sertularella areyi: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1135, scale equals 0.5 mm. i, Sertularella conica: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1087, scale equals 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264390/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 8e, f</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFC5F55EE6F9F997FDF512C9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC5F55EE6F9F997FCC91228" blockId="26.[151,848,1619,1672]" box="[151,848,1619,1642]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB228F46FFC5F55EE6F9F997FCC91228" box="[151,848,1619,1642]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFC5F55EE6F9F997FD301228" author="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D." box="[151,681,1619,1642]" page="57" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1786">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE6F9F997FD301228" ID-CoL="84D8Y" authority="Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786: 57" authorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1786" box="[151,681,1619,1642]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6F9F997FE0A122B" box="[151,403,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sertularia quadridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE7F4F990FD301228" author="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D." box="[410,681,1619,1641]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref51596" refString="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis … Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White &amp; Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp." type="book" year="1786">Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786: 57</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5, figs. g, G.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC5F55EE6F9F9B0FDF512C9" blockId="26.[151,848,1619,1672]" box="[151,620,1650,1672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB228F46FFC5F55EE6F9F9B0FDF512C9" box="[151,620,1650,1672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE6F9F9B0FE0312C9" ID-CoL="3863K" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[151,410,1650,1672]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6F9F9B0FE0312C9" box="[151,410,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dynamena quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFC5F55EE7D7F9B0FDF112C9" author="Jones, T." box="[441,616,1650,1672]" page="218" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE7D7F9B0FDF112C9" author="Jones, T." box="[441,616,1650,1672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref54656" refString="Jones, T. (2002) Biology and ecology of athecate hydroids in Biscayne Bay, Florida: potential use as bioindicators. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 287 pp." type="book" year="2002">Jones, 2002: 218</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFC5F55EE6F9F976FF701378" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC5F55EE6F9F976FAE4128C" blockId="26.[151,1436,1717,2030]" box="[151,1405,1717,1742]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation id="3B5AA235FFC5F55EE6F9F976FAE1128C" box="[151,1400,1717,1742]" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" location="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6F9F976FEAC128F" bold="true" box="[151,309,1717,1742]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFC5F55EE6F9F976FF4B128C" box="[151,210,1717,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EEDFEB3FFC5F55EE752F976FDB6128C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFC5F55FE6F9FA2AFAA116C5:8EEDFEB3FFC5F55EE752F976FDB6128C" box="[316,559,1717,1741]" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" name="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Atlantic Ocean</location>
, on algae “...not far from the island of
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFC5F55EE58FF976FBC1128C" box="[993,1112,1717,1741]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ascension</collectingCountry>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE21FF976FAE9128C" author="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D." box="[1137,1392,1717,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref51596" refString="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis … Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White &amp; Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp." type="book" year="1786">Ellis &amp; Solander 1786</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC5F55EE6A9F91AFF701378" blockId="26.[151,1436,1717,2030]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6A9F91AFE3C12B3" bold="true" box="[199,421,1753,1778]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Voucher material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5AA235FFC5F55EE7DCF91AFF7D1378" collectingDate="1975-07-24" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="T. Askew" elevation="22" latitude="27.18" location="Off Fort Pierce" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-80.041664" municipality="Fort Pierce" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="B1085" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EEDFEB3FFC5F55EE7DCF91AFDF512B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFC5F55FE6F9FA2AFAA116C5:8EEDFEB3FFC5F55EE7DCF91AFDF512B0" box="[434,620,1753,1777]" latitude="27.18" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-80.041664" municipality="Fort Pierce" name="Off Fort Pierce" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Off
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE93212FFC5F55EE788F919FDF512B0" box="[486,620,1753,1777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fort Pierce</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFC5F55EE413F91AFD6C12B0" box="[637,757,1753,1777]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="10.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="92" value="27.18">27°10.8’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFC5F55EE566F91AFC1D12B0" box="[776,900,1753,1777]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="02.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="92" value="-80.041664">80°02.5’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFC5F55EE5F8F91AFC7412B0" box="[918,1005,1753,1777]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="21.6">
<elevation id="001F4F5BFFC5F55EE5F8F91AFC7412B0" box="[918,1005,1753,1777]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="21.6">21.6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on benthic algae,
<date id="FF8C8EA8FFC5F55EE2B7F91AFAC312B0" box="[1241,1370,1753,1777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1975-07-24">
<collectingDate id="EFC87740FFC5F55EE2B7F91AFAC312B0" box="[1241,1370,1753,1777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1975-07-24">24.vii.1975</collectingDate>
</date>
, R/V
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE6F9F93EFF6D1354" box="[151,244,1789,1813]" genus="Johnson" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6F9F93EFF6D1354" box="[151,244,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Johnson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE742F93EFE6F1354" box="[300,502,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Johnson-Sea-Link</emphasis>
, JSL 273, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CCA058DFFC5F55EE552F93EFCE51354" box="[828,892,1789,1813]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
high, with gonophores, coll.
<collectorName id="26C7CDBEFFC5F55EE2A7F93DFAAF1354" box="[1225,1334,1789,1813]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. Askew</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2330ADFFC5F55EE32CF93EFA051354" box="[1346,1436,1789,1813]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB940013FFC5F55EE6F9F8E2FF7D1378" box="[151,228,1825,1849]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">B1085</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFC5F55FE6A9F886FAA116C5" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC5F55FE6A9F886FB9414B6" blockId="26.[151,1436,1717,2030]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6A9F886FEAD131C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1861,1885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
. This hydroid has commonly been known as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE53EF885FA05131C" authority="(Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[848,1436,1861,1885]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE53EF885FBEA131C" box="[848,1139,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dynamena quadridentata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE2E8F886FA0D131C" author="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D." box="[1158,1428,1861,1885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref51596" refString="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis … Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White &amp; Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp." type="book" year="1786">Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(synonymy in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE72EF8A9FDF113C0" author="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E." box="[320,616,1897,1921]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref61558" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
). However, molecular studies by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE59FF8A9FB4F13C0" author="Moura, C. J. &amp; Cunha, M. R. &amp; Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D." box="[1009,1238,1897,1921]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="520 - 537" refId="ref57066" refString="Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. R., Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D. (2011) The use of the DNA barcode gene 16 S mRNA for the clarification of taxonomic problems within the family Sertulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 520 - 537. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2011.00489. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Moura
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE228F8A9FBE213C0" box="[1094,1147,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
indicate that the nominal genus
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE72DF84DFD1713E4" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[323,654,1933,1957]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE72DF84DFE2513E4" box="[323,444,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dynamena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE7AAF84DFD1713E4" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[452,654,1933,1957]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref55146" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1812) Extrait d'un memoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3, 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1812">Lamouroux, 1812</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is polyphyletic, and that
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE5C2F84DFBF613E4" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[940,1135,1933,1957]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE5C2F84DFBF613E4" box="[940,1135,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">D. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is genetically distant from
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE6F9F871FE491388" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,464,1969,1993]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE6F9F871FE9E1388" box="[151,263,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">D. pumila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE778F872FE5E1388" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[278,455,1969,1993]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref55868" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, its
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFC5F55EE790F871FDB7138B" box="[510,558,1970,1994]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE4FAF871FC1C1388" authority="Stechow, 1922" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1922" box="[660,901,1969,1993]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Pasya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE4FAF871FD411388" box="[660,728,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pasya</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE48EF872FC1C1388" author="Stechow, E." box="[736,901,1969,1993]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="141 - 155" refId="ref60222" refString="Stechow, E. (1922) Zur Systematik der Hydrozoen, Stromatoporen, Siphonophoren, Anthozoen und Ctenophoren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 88, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="1922">Stechow, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFC5F55EE5FDF872FC5C1388" box="[915,965,1969,1993]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE242F872FEDC13AC" authority="Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786" authorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" authorityYear="1786" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE242F872FADA1388" box="[1068,1347,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sertularia quadridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC5F55EE322F872FEDC13AC" author="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref51596" refString="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis … Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White &amp; Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp." type="book" year="1786">Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), generally regarded as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC5F55EE494F815FCEA13AC" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[762,883,2006,2029]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC5F55EE494F815FCEA13AC" box="[762,883,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dynamena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is resurrected here for the species. The specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE6B4FF5BFEE014F1" authorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" authorityYear="1786" box="[218,377,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE6B4FF5BFEE014F1" box="[218,377,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been combined in the past with
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE52FFF5BFBE114EE" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[833,1144,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Pasytheidae" genus="Pasythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE52FFF5BFC3114F1" box="[833,936,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pasythea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE5C0FF5BFBE114EE" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[942,1144,151,175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref55146" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1812) Extrait d'un memoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3, 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1812">Lamouroux, 1812</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but that nominal genus is now restricted to Bryozoa (
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFC4F55FE7B4FF7FFD951495" box="[474,524,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE415FF7FFBF01495" authority="Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786" authorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" authorityYear="1786" box="[635,1129,188,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cellariidae" genus="Cellaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tulipifera">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE415FF7FFCD51495" box="[635,844,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cellaria tulipifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE536FF7FFBF01495" author="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D." box="[856,1129,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref51596" refString="Ellis, J. &amp; Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis … Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White &amp; Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp." type="book" year="1786">Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Additional discussion of nomenclature relevant to these names has been given earlier (Calder 1991: 89).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC4F55FE6ABFEC6FDB015ED" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE6ABFEC6FE2B155D" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[197,434,260,284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Pasya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE6ABFEC6FE2B155D" box="[197,434,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pasya quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, common in the Caribbean Sea region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE5E9FEC7FBA9155D" author="Vervoort, W." box="[903,1072,260,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref61370" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE251FEC7FAEF155D" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L." box="[1087,1398,260,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="476 - 491" refId="ref50132" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean Coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder &amp; Kirkendale 2005</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE6F9FEEAFE2C1501" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[151,437,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE6F9FEEAFE2C1501" box="[151,437,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dynamena quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), ranges northwards to the Carolinas along the east coast of the
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFC4F55FE212FEE4FA88157E" box="[1148,1297,295,319]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE371FEE4FA0E157E" author="Cain, T. D." box="[1311,1431,295,319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="79 - 82" refId="ref49064" refString="Cain, T. D. (1972) Additional epifauna of a reef off North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 88, 79 - 82." type="journal article" year="1972">Cain 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE6F9FE8FFEBE1525" author="Calder, D. R." box="[151,295,332,356]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="7 - 28" refId="ref49281" refString="Calder, D. R. (1983) Hydroida from estuaries of South Carolina, USA: families Sertulariidae and Plumulariidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 7 - 28." type="journal article" year="1983">Calder 1983</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE735FE8EFDB91525" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[347,544,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE735FE8EFDB91525" box="[347,544,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The species is transported to even higher latitudes in the Gulf Stream on floating
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE69BFEB3FEF615C9" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[245,367,368,392]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE69BFEB3FEF615C9" box="[245,367,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE710FEACFD8E15C6" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[382,535,367,391]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="339 - 387" refId="ref52284" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912 b) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser 1912b</bibRefCitation>
; Burkenroad, in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE4BCFEB3FCDB15C6" author="Parr, A. E." box="[722,834,367,391]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref57974" refString="Parr, A. E. (1939) Quantitative observations on the pelagic Sargassum vegetation of the western North Atlantic with preliminary discussion of morphology and relationships. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 6 (7), 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1939">Parr 1939</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE503FEB3FBE315C9" box="[877,1146,368,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Pasytheidae" genus="Pasythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE503FEB3FBE315C9" box="[877,1146,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pasythea quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), including New
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFC4F55FE351FEACFA0515C6" box="[1343,1436,367,391]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">England</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE6F0FE57FEA915ED" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[158,304,404,428]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="95 - 120" refId="ref53764" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1908) Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Holl. Biological Bulletin, 14, 95 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535721" type="journal article" year="1908">Hargitt 1908</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE734FE57FD8015ED" box="[346,537,404,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Pasytheidae" genus="Pasythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE734FE57FD8015ED" box="[346,537,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pasythea nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC4F55FE6A9FE7BFAE5158E" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,644]" box="[199,1404,439,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE6A9FE7BFE4B1591" bold="true" box="[199,466,439,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
Atlantic coast of
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFC4F55FE4F7FE74FD77158E" box="[665,750,439,463]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Florida</collectingRegion>
. Biscayne
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFC4F55FE508FE7BFC0A1591" box="[870,915,440,464]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bay</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE5CCFE74FBBA158E" author="Jones, T." box="[930,1059,439,463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref54656" refString="Jones, T. (2002) Biology and ecology of athecate hydroids in Biscayne Bay, Florida: potential use as bioindicators. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 287 pp." type="book" year="2002">Jones 2002</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE223FE7AFAF21591" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[1101,1387,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE223FE7AFAF21591" box="[1101,1387,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dynamena quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC4F55FE6ABFE1FFEDF161E" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Western Atlantic. Woods Hole region, Massachusetts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE549FE1FFC2015B5" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[807,953,476,500]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="95 - 120" refId="ref53764" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1908) Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Holl. Biological Bulletin, 14, 95 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535721" type="journal article" year="1908">Hargitt 1908</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE58AFE1FFB3B15B5" box="[996,1186,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Pasytheidae" genus="Pasythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE58AFE1FFB3B15B5" box="[996,1186,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pasythea nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFC4F55FE2BEFE1FFA8D15B5" box="[1232,1300,476,500]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Oliveira
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE3E6FE1EFF341659" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. submitted, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE736FDC2FD831659" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[344,538,512,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE736FDC2FD831659" box="[344,538,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), including
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFC4F55FE4CAFE3CFC921656" box="[676,779,511,535]" name="Bermuda" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE574FE3CFC221656" author="Calder, D. R." box="[794,955,511,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref49456" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE589FDC2FB301659" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[999,1193,512,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE589FDC2FB301659" box="[999,1193,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the Gulf of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE6F0FDE7FE2B167D" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Cairns, S. D." box="[158,434,548,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref49991" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Cairns, S. D. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico. Origin, waters, and biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, College Station, pp. 381 - 394." type="book" year="2009">Calder &amp; Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE782FDE6FD2C167D" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[492,693,548,572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE782FDE6FD2C167D" box="[492,693,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE591FDE7FADE167D" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L." box="[1023,1351,548,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="476 - 491" refId="ref50132" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean Coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder &amp; Kirkendale 2005</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFC4F55FE3EFFDE6FEAF1621" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFC4F55FE3EFFDE6FEAF1621" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFC4F55FE6ABFDAFFAA116C5" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,644]" box="[197,1336,620,644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Elsewhere. Circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE530FDAFFB9D16C5" author="Vervoort, W." box="[862,1028,620,644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref61370" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFC4F55FE27EFDAFFAB516C5" author="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E." box="[1040,1324,620,644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref61558" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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