134 lines
17 KiB
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134 lines
17 KiB
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<document id="45852B229A75DD1454D4FE1733F287B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="30246" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4410.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c099b7cc-9634-4455-b59e-d5a597998ee7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1221580" ID-ZooBank="7A46BD51-20A9-4FDA-81FB-D771BA9011FC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524196250478" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2018" docId="038A4612FF84FFC9BEDEFB3156BDF850" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4410.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4410 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polycarpa arnoldi" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="303" masterDocId="FFB33E6AFF88FFC5BE49FFA3527EFFA4" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 2. Stolidobranchia, Styelidae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1698538334165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2186629642B69C2E9E4BDAADEF175349">Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 2. Stolidobranchia, Styelidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E8AB2E6B80DB0E5ECD3009E98FC16B0">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="854E0C034B7C4832F2C077AFB4BFF1CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DE3D8BFE77729A9FF5E8BE17238B0780">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="72B80BBF5971BC1C1EF6024188E7EF73">2018-04-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7F7AD4D78822EF53855AD2583EB8286F">4410</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038A4612FF84FFC9BEDEFB3156BDF850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485070" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143618751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A4612FF84FFC9BEDEFB3156BDF850" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A4612FF84FFC9BEDEFB3156BDF850" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF84FFC9BEDEFB315298FB6A" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BEDEFB315017FB09" blockId="12.[151,617,1170,1230]" box="[151,617,1170,1197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<heading id="D0D44068FF84FFC9BEDEFB315017FB09" bold="true" box="[151,617,1170,1197]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF84FFC9BEDEFB315017FB09" bold="true" box="[151,617,1170,1197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF84FFC9BEDEFB31501DFB09" ID-CoL="4L34K" authority="(Michaelsen, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,611,1170,1197]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnoldi">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF84FFC9BEDEFB31530EFB08" bold="true" box="[151,368,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Polycarpa arnoldi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BF36FB305025FB09" box="[383,603,1171,1197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8425" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1914) Ueber einige wesafrikanische Ascidien. Zoological Anzeiger, 43, 423 - 432." type="journal article">Michaelsen, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BEDEFB165298FB6A" blockId="12.[151,617,1170,1230]" box="[151,230,1205,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF84FFC9BEDEFB165298FB6A" box="[151,230,1205,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,195,990]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,996]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Polycarpa arnoldi stained.A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 5mm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF84FFC9BEDEFB5E5662FACB" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BEDEFB5E50B5FAB7" blockId="12.[151,1437,1277,1391]" box="[151,715,1277,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF84FFC9BEDEFB5E5078FAB7" ID-CoL="6TL6D" authority="Michaelsen, 1914" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,518,1277,1299]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Pandocia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnoldi">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF84FFC9BEDEFB5E5337FAB7" box="[151,329,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Pandocia arnoldi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BF06FB5E5078FAB7" box="[335,518,1277,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8425" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1914) Ueber einige wesafrikanische Ascidien. Zoological Anzeiger, 43, 423 - 432." type="journal article">Michaelsen, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF84FFC9BC59FB5E500FFAB7" box="[528,625,1277,1299]" country="Equatorial Guinea" name="Annobon" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF84FFC9BC59FB5E500FFAB7" box="[528,625,1277,1299]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Annobon</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF84FFC9BC32FB5E50B9FAB7" box="[635,711,1277,1299]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BEDEFABF537FFAF4" blockId="12.[151,1437,1277,1391]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF84FFC9BEDEFABF505FFA96" ID-CoL="4L34K" authority=": Van der Sloot 1969" authorityName=": Van der Sloot" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,545,1308,1330]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnoldi">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF84FFC9BEDEFABF532FFA96" box="[151,337,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Polycarpa arnoldi</emphasis>
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: Van der Sloot 1969
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</taxonomicName>
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and synonymy;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BC80FABF510EFA96" box="[713,880,1308,1330]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8066" refString="Goodbody, I. (1984) The ascidian fauna of two contrasting lagoons in the Netherlands Antilles: Piscadera baai, Curacao, and the Lac of Bonaire. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 202, 211." type="journal article">Goodbody 1984</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BD33FABF5655FA96" box="[890,1067,1308,1330]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BA7CFABF5766FA96" box="[1077,1304,1308,1330]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8826" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1994) Addition to the inventory of eastern tropical Atlantic ascidians; arrival of cosmopolitan species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 54 (1), 71 - 93." type="journal article">Monniot C. & F. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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; Rocha
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF84FFC9BB20FABE57E3FA96" box="[1385,1437,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
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2012.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BEDEFAFA5662FACB" blockId="12.[151,1437,1277,1391]" box="[151,1052,1369,1391]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Stations: AB 102; AB 356; AB 400; AD 111; AD 208; AD 209. (MNHN S1 POL.B 581)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF84FFC9BEDEFA3F56BDF850" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BEDEFA3F577AF9E1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1436,1640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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The body is ovoid in a soft tunic more or less covered with epibionts and sediment. The body wall is transparent with a thin muscular network and some stronger fibres issued from the siphons (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF84FFC9BA7CFA1C56E0FA7C" box="[1077,1182,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,195,990]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,996]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Polycarpa arnoldi stained.A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 5mm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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). Both siphons have a large velum (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF84FFC9BF65FA4753EAFA58" box="[300,404,1508,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,195,990]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,996]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Polycarpa arnoldi stained.A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 5mm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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). The oral tentacles are thin and numerous in 3 sizes. The dorsal tubercle opens in a C with horns sometimes rolled. There are no papillae on the prepharyngeal area. The dorsal lamina with a plain edge becomes higher posteriorly. There are 4 high branchial folds on each side (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF84FFC9BD92F98F563FF9E0" box="[987,1089,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,195,990]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,996]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Polycarpa arnoldi stained.A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 5mm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
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). One formula is:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BE8EF9F351CCF9C3" blockId="12.[151,1436,1436,1640]" box="[199,946,1615,1640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">E -3 (13) 3 (5) 3 (13) 3 (12) 2 - DL- 2 (9) 3 (12) 3 (15) 3 (12) 3 - E</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BE8EF934529BF82C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1687,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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There are parastigmatic vessels. The alimentary canal is attached to the body wall by trabeculae. The stomach is pear shaped with oblique folds and a caecum. The intestine in a closed loop contains a round endocarp (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF84FFC9BB66F91F57F1F971" box="[1327,1423,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,195,990]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,996]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Polycarpa arnoldi stained.A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 5mm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Fig.11A</figureCitation>
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); there are no endocarps on the body wall. The anus has 8 lobes. The gonads are numerous on each side with a characteristic shape (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF84FFC9BFC7F8A75385F8B8" box="[398,507,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,195,990]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,996]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Polycarpa arnoldi stained.A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 5mm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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). The round polycarps are distributed along transverse lines (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF84FFC9BA94F8A75735F8B8" box="[1245,1355,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,195,990]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,996]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Polycarpa arnoldi stained.A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 5mm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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). Each contains a central ovary partially encircled by testis vesicles. The sperm ducts converge to the polycarp centre and unite in a short tube protruding in the atrial cavity. A circle of thread-like tentacles lies at the base of the atrial velum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF84FFC9BE8EF83756BDF850" blockId="12.[151,1436,1687,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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First described from the eastern Atlantic by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BCFFF83751F4F808" box="[694,906,1940,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8425" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1914) Ueber einige wesafrikanische Ascidien. Zoological Anzeiger, 43, 423 - 432." type="journal article">Michaelsen (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF84FFC9BDDFF836567AF808" authorityName=": Van der Sloot" authorityYear="1969" box="[918,1028,1940,1964]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnoldi">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF84FFC9BDDFF836567AF808" box="[918,1028,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">P. arnoldi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was found again in this region from
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF84FFC9BEDEF81B5362F875" box="[151,284,1976,2001]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
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<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF84FFC9BEDEF81B52ACF875" box="[151,210,1976,2001]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Cabo</collectingRegion>
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Verde
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</collectingCountry>
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(MNHN collection). It has been recorded several times in the
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<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF84FFC9BDA0F81A563AF874" box="[1001,1092,1977,2000]" country="Sierra Leone" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Western</collectingRegion>
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Atlantic (Van der Sloot 1969;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BEDEF87F5324F850" box="[151,346,2012,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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; Rocha et al 2012) but was also found in the Indian Ocean (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF84FFC9BDBEF87F56C2F850" box="[1015,1212,2012,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" refId="ref8655" refString="Monniot, C. (2002) Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 135, 65 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2002.00017. x" type="journal article">Monniot C. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |