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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef558f00-24a4-4671-bf56-df3c1d61ecd1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7875089" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682061103176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jovanovska, Elena, Wilson, Mallory C., Hamilton, Paul B. &amp; Stone, Jeffery" docDate="2023" docId="038487E2FFC82654BCF1FF09BB4D765C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.593.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 593 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.2:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Diploneis gigantea Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFBDFF9AFFDE2642BC79FF97B8647004" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1683016984500" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title>Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jovanovska, Elena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; jovanovska. eci @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3413 - 3683</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Mallory C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA &amp; mwilson 108 @ sycamores. indstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2852 - 125 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Hamilton, Paul B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Phycology Section, Research and Collections Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada &amp; phamilton @ nature. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6938 - 6341</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">phamilton@nature.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Stone, Jeffery</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1313-0643</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA &amp; Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; jeffery. stone @ indstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1313 - 0643 * Corresponding author &amp; Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jeffery.stone@indstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number>2023-04-21</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7875117" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487E2FFC82654BCF1FF09BB4D765C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487E2FFC82654BCF1FF09BB4D765C" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,848,158,185]" box="[136,848,158,185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading box="[136,848,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="5">
<emphasis box="[136,445,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,354,158,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,354,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diploneis gigantea</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[360,445,159,184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(LM
<figureCitation box="[510,638,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 7378" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[150,1434,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 7378. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 74, 77. Specimens from Mutondwe Island. 73, 75, 76. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 78. Specimen from Kalya Bay. Fig. 75. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875135/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 7378</figureCitation>
, SEM
<figureCitation box="[713,840,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 7984</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Valves are weakly asymmetric, linear-elliptic with slightly convex margins and round ends (
<figureCitation box="[1162,1293,230,256]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7378" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId-0="23.[136,243,1750,1772]" captionStartId-1="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1433,194,1724]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@23.[150,1434,193,1726]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionText-0="FIGURES 7378. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 74, 77. Specimens from Mutondwe Island. 73, 75, 76. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 78. Specimen from Kalya Bay. Fig. 75. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875135" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7875135/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 7379</figureCitation>
). Valve length is 67106.5 μm and valve width is 37.546 μm. The axial area is narrow, expanding towards the narrow, lanceolate and weakly asymmetric central area (
<figureCitation box="[551,637,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 7378" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[150,1434,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 7378. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 74, 77. Specimens from Mutondwe Island. 73, 75, 76. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 78. Specimen from Kalya Bay. Fig. 75. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875135/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 73</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[649,680,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">80</figureCitation>
), 68 μm wide. Externally, the longitudinal canal is broad, lanceolate to linear, slightly expanded in the middle of the valve with four rows of cribrate areolae (1015 poroids) narrowing into one at the valve apices (
<figureCitation box="[454,583,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 7378" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[150,1434,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 7378. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 74, 77. Specimens from Mutondwe Island. 73, 75, 76. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 78. Specimen from Kalya Bay. Fig. 75. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875135/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 7378</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[594,667,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">80, 81</figureCitation>
). Internally, a thick non-porous slightly raised silica plate encloses the longitudinal canal (
<figureCitation box="[354,439,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
). Externally, the raphe is filiform, curved with proximal ends positioned within expanded teardrop depressions (
<figureCitation box="[385,518,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 79, 80</figureCitation>
). The distal raphe ends are unilaterally bent to the same side as the proximal ends and terminate at the valve face margin (
<figureCitation box="[589,722,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 79, 81</figureCitation>
). Internally, the raphe is curved with simple proximal and distal ends that are slightly elevated in a deep depression formed by the longitudinal canal (
<figureCitation box="[1102,1278,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 82, 83, 84</figureCitation>
). The striae are parallel at mid-valve becoming radiate towards the valve apices,
<quantity box="[868,939,554,580]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">78 in</quantity>
10 μm. Striae are uniseriate throughout (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 79, 81</figureCitation>
). The striae are composed of small round to rectangular areolae covered with cribra (&gt;30 poroids),
<quantity box="[1299,1368,590,616]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">78 in</quantity>
10 μm. Each areola opens in a depression slightly lower than the non-porous valve surface. The inter-areolar thickenings have crested fin-like ridge silica ornamentations, which are serrated into ca. 35 notched edges (in the illustrated specimens hardly visible but see white arrow in
<figureCitation box="[557,640,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
). The stria areolae are divided by thickenings, forming from the areolae wall (white arrow in
<figureCitation box="[369,451,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
). Areolae increase in size towards the valve margins (
<figureCitation box="[1050,1133,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
). Internally, the alveoli open via a single elongated opening covered with a thin silica layer (
<figureCitation box="[843,928,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURES 7984" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[150,1434,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 7984. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 7981) and internal (Figs 8284) valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 7981. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 8284. Specimen from Mutondwe Island. 79. Whole valve. 80. Central area with teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 81. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed areola divided by thickened bars. 82. Half-valve view, showing the curved raphe placed in a depression formed by the canal. 83. Whole valve view. 84. Central area with simple slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 79), 10 μm (Figs 82, 83), 5 μm (Figs 80, 81, 84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875137/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,286,806,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-09" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="H. Buescher" country="Zambia" county="Kalambo Falls" elevation="771" latitude="-8.623778" location="Lake Tanganyika" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.199915" municipality="Kalambo Falls Lodge" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="BM-108994" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry box="[285,581,806,832]" name="Zambia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487E2FFC82654BCF1FF09BB4D765C:8EF2602FFFC82654BE36FCB1BB757344" box="[591,785,806,832]" country="Zambia" county="Kalambo Falls" latitude="-8.623778" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.199915" municipality="Kalambo Falls Lodge" name="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lake Tanganyika</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[795,1038,806,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingCounty box="[795,958,806,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kalambo Falls</collectingCounty>
Lodge
</collectingMunicipality>
, at
<quantity box="[1074,1144,806,833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.709999999999999" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="771.0">
<elevation box="[1074,1144,806,833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.709999999999999" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="771.0">771 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation; mud,
<quantity box="[1328,1384,806,833]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation box="[1328,1384,806,833]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
water depth, collected
<collectionCode box="[322,414,842,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SCUBA</collectionCode>
diving,
<geoCoordinate box="[508,656,842,869]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="25.6" value="-8.623778">8°3725.6” S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[664,828,842,869]" degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="59.7" value="31.199915">31°1159.7” E</geoCoordinate>
,
<emphasis box="[841,1208,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectorName box="[841,980,842,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. Buescher</collectorName>
, 1
<superScript attach="left" box="[1006,1019,842,856]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">th</superScript>
<date box="[1026,1208,842,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2018-09">
<collectingDate box="[1026,1208,842,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2018-09">September 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus box="[1224,1324,842,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">holotype</typeStatus>
designated here, circled specimen BM-108994! =
<figureCitation box="[580,663,878,905]" captionStart="FIGURES 7378" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[150,1434,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 7378. Diploneis gigantea sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 74, 77. Specimens from Mutondwe Island. 73, 75, 76. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 78. Specimen from Kalya Bay. Fig. 75. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875135/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-09" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="H. Buescher" country="Zambia" county="Kalambo Falls" elevation="771" latitude="-8.623778" location="Lake Tanganyika" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.199915" municipality="Kalambo Falls Lodge" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="ANSP-GC17223" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
isotypes
<specimenCode box="[776,974,878,904]" collectionCode="ANSP-GC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ANSP-GC17223</specimenCode>
!, CANA-129338!). Type material CANA-129315. Registration: http://phycobank.org/103709
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" box="[189,1196,950,977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,615,950,976]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pictures of the isolated specimen:—</emphasis>
LM micrograph on 1000× magnification (
<figureCitation box="[1085,1182,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 211" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,194,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[201,1383,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 211. Diploneis salzburgeri sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 2, 3, 5, 6, 9. Specimens from southern parts of Lake Tanganyika, Kalambo Falls Lodge. 4. Specimen from Kalya Bay. 7. Specimen from Ndole Bay. 8. Specimen from Jakobsen Beach, near Kigoma. 10, 11. Specimens from Buhingu Island. Fig. 7. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875095/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. S2a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,404,986,1012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sequence data:—</emphasis>
Plastid gene
<emphasis box="[557,594,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">rbc</emphasis>
L sequence (GenBank accession:
<accessionNumber box="[991,1121,986,1012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">OQ660290</accessionNumber>
). The sequence comes from an isolated individual from the same area, but on sand in
<quantity box="[804,849,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
water depth (Acc. No. 91, Diatom Collection Elena Jovanovska; see coordinates in
<tableCitation box="[486,585,1058,1084]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,231,1325]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Key morphological features of Diploneis species from Lake Tanganyika and the region. NA represents barely visible fractures. Fin" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF52667CFFD82644BCF1FF08BD2D70FC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF52667CFFD82644BCF1FF08BD2D70FC">Table S1</tableCitation>
). However, as this species is extremely rare, we chose a nearby, deeper site as type material, where the species is more abundant but still very rare.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[189,1240,1130,1157]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" box="[189,1240,1130,1157]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,356,1130,1156]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[593,691,1131,1156]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis box="[593,691,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the very large cell sizes of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,526,1166,1192]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology and distribution:—</emphasis>
This species has only been observed on the coasts of
<collectingCountry box="[1135,1236,1166,1192]" name="Tanzania" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[1293,1379,1166,1192]" name="Zambia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Zambia</collectingCountry>
in the southern and central sub-basins of Lake Tanganyika. In the alkaline, moderately mineral-rich and highly transparent waters, the species usually inhabits sandy and muddy substrates (sometimes with mollusk shells) between 9 and
<quantity box="[1395,1451,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</quantity>
water depth. It can also be found on submerged rocks below
<quantity box="[828,887,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
water depth and below
<quantity box="[1160,1204,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
water depth, where it is very rare.
<emphasis box="[278,585,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[278,492,1310,1336]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea" status="sp. nov.">Diploneis gigantea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[500,585,1311,1336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was found mainly in the southern sub-basin at Kalambo Falls Lodge, Isanga Bay, Mutondwe Island, Cape Nangu at Kasaba Bay, Ndole Bay (
<figureCitation box="[857,960,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1594,1616]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,879,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-263@3.[151,1436,844,1567]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maps ofAfrica with major drainage systems. a) Map of Africa indicating the general location of the East African Rift (framed in bold grey lines). b) Map of East African Rift with sample (purple circles) and type (green circles) localities for all twenty-five new Diploneis species. c) Bathymetric map of the three sub-basins of Lake Tanganyika with close-up of sampling sites in the lake. d) Key sampling sites in the northern Kigoma sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. e) Key sampling sites in the central Kundwe sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. f) Key sampling sites in the southern Kipili sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. Location details for each species are given in the descriptions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875093/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 1c, f</figureCitation>
) and less frequently in the central sub-basin in Kalya Bay and Mahale National Park (
<figureCitation box="[602,711,1382,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1594,1616]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,879,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-263@3.[151,1436,844,1567]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maps ofAfrica with major drainage systems. a) Map of Africa indicating the general location of the East African Rift (framed in bold grey lines). b) Map of East African Rift with sample (purple circles) and type (green circles) localities for all twenty-five new Diploneis species. c) Bathymetric map of the three sub-basins of Lake Tanganyika with close-up of sampling sites in the lake. d) Key sampling sites in the northern Kigoma sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. e) Key sampling sites in the central Kundwe sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. f) Key sampling sites in the southern Kipili sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. Location details for each species are given in the descriptions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875093/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 1c, e</figureCitation>
). In all these locations the species is extremely rare, typically one to two (very rarely a handful) specimens are found per slide together with
<emphasis box="[973,1227,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[973,1135,1418,1444]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="salzburgeri" status="sp. nov.">D. salzburgeri</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1142,1227,1419,1444]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[1241,1412,1419,1444]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="cocquytiana" status="sp. nov.">D. cocquytiana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[195,420,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[195,328,1454,1480]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="elongata" status="sp. nov.">D. elongata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[335,420,1455,1480]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[433,665,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[433,573,1454,1480]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tessellata" status="sp. nov.">D. tessellata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[580,665,1455,1480]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[678,862,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[678,770,1454,1480]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fossa" status="sp. nov.">D. fossa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[777,862,1455,1480]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis box="[923,1134,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[923,1043,1455,1480]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="cristata" status="sp. nov.">D. cristata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1049,1134,1455,1480]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,563,1490,1516]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Main differential characters:—</emphasis>
Large valve size, linear-elliptic valve shape, striae density, and external fin-like ornamentations across the valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[136,1452,230,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,407,1562,1588]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Similar species:—</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[408,683,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[408,585,1562,1588]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fossa" status="sp. nov.">Diploneis fossa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[594,683,1563,1588]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2015: 95)" authorityName="Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="2015" box="[699,1396,1562,1589]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="goohon">
<emphasis box="[699,902,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diploneis goohon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kulikovskiy, M. S. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Kuznetsova, I. V." box="[913,1396,1562,1589]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1" refId="ref38891" refString="Kulikovskiy, M. S., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Kuznetsova, I. V. (2015) Lake Baikal: hotspot of endemic diatoms II. Iconographia Diatomologica 26: [1] - 656." type="journal article" year="2015">Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2015: 95)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authority="Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2015: 99)" authorityName="Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,805,1598,1625]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="obtusa">
<emphasis box="[136,327,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diploneis obtusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kulikovskiy, M. S. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Kuznetsova, I. V." box="[334,805,1598,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1" refId="ref38891" refString="Kulikovskiy, M. S., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Kuznetsova, I. V. (2015) Lake Baikal: hotspot of endemic diatoms II. Iconographia Diatomologica 26: [1] - 656." type="journal article" year="2015">Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2015: 99)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>