253 lines
29 KiB
XML
253 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="E77A4F8239DC4D7611A3D51D7550F740" ID-CLB-Dataset="46693" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204598" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee0c443c-0dfb-4ce9-a7e3-2f68689045c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204598" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460367506509" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sondhi, Sanjay & Ohler, Annemarie" docDate="2011" docId="1365376AFFE6FFBD28B1FC033A7AFC5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02912p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2912" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leptobrachium bompu Sondhi & Ohler, 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="EF5C4F12FFE4FFBB2826FFE13B2BFF99" masterDocTitle="A blue-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698295350123" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="F279F1BC6E4C54D574772111E062D471" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ACD2BA66C0CEFC3738EF9411A62EF1DA">
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<mods:title id="FDEE9BF092B6671A9621484744BBFCD6">A blue-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EB15670E35C0D13D81901D939E66A5A7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="85E8FB5C108F52833E51E2A046271BD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C3B6B8CC8B2B5CB0DF29EE08E30C0D40">Sondhi, Sanjay</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="7BC3E8C37A271E293BFA828C3CAC5C31" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="308006C78A0BA21732167B8426D0E1C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="98BBEAD2B9BF99E1F555018CF113BDBC">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BDC320D12FCB428542DB3E90F4C508D6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B5332829913297D7169D54704C290004">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="887B3BADC7F270AB63505E27C2883E53">
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<mods:date id="E4FF0F876ADA004E8D2C34D0EFDB73E8">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AF4294A41262D59362BD7486F802FC98" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C7BD435ED9C9D62A48A33353DDCBA193">2912</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3584927EFFF81544406C2C01EAE28A20">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0462A3DF7A2A66CCE2128DDD98B36627" type="CLB-Dataset">46693</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7C575048D7699A3723819CD8D7CE6D5E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.204598</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F528720000D69C1AF1ED4ABD0146325" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="44295955F6C76D72CB293B113BAE449D" type="Zenodo-Dep">204598</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1365376AFFE6FFBD28B1FC033A7AFC5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6194237" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119411072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6194237" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1365376AFFE6FFBD28B1FC033A7AFC5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1365376AFFE6FFBD28B1FC033A7AFC5E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="D3D6D5F7FFE6FFB928B1FC033ADEFC65" box="[151,501,994,1020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE6FFB928B1FC033ADEFC65" blockId="2.[151,501,994,1020]" box="[151,501,994,1020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="C03B3110FFE6FFB928B1FC033ADEFC65" bold="true" box="[151,501,994,1020]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB928B1FC033ADEFC65" bold="true" box="[151,501,994,1020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE6FFB928B1FC033A80FC65" ID-CoL="3TKBG" box="[151,427,994,1020]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bompu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB928B1FC033A80FC65" bold="true" box="[151,427,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Leptobrachium bompu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B28BE715FFE6FFB92994FC033ADEFC65" box="[434,501,994,1020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3D6D5F7FFE6FFB928B1FBC83ABBFB6F" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE6FFB928B1FBC83AE8FB37" blockId="2.[151,1437,1065,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB928B1FBC83AABFBDB" bold="true" box="[151,384,1065,1090]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Material examined.</emphasis>
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One adult male, holophoront (
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<typeStatus id="447738DEFFE6FFB92AF3FBC83816FBD8" box="[725,829,1065,1089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), no. KA0001/
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<date id="EF72A0BCFFE6FFB92BC5FBC83F12FBD8" box="[995,1081,1065,1089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" value="05-09-20">200905</date>
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, locality:
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE6FFB92C83FBCB3FDCFBD8" box="[1189,1271,1066,1089]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bompu">Bompu</taxonomicName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="FEF8E0BBFFE6FFB92D21FBC83EB3FBD8" box="[1287,1432,1065,1089]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" precision="15" value="27.116945">27º06’61” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FEF8E0BBFFE6FFB928B1FBAF3A04FBFF" box="[151,303,1102,1126]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" precision="15" value="92.68444">92º 40’64” E</geoCoordinate>
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), altitude of
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<quantity id="5C342B99FFE6FFB929E4FBAF3930FBFF" box="[450,539,1102,1126]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1940.0">1940 m</quantity>
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, coll. by Sanjay Sondhi on
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<date id="EF72A0BCFFE6FFB92B7FFBAF38D9FBFF" box="[857,1010,1102,1127]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" value="2009-05-22">22 May 2009</date>
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at 2000 hours, deposited in the State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. A tissue sample of this specimen has been taken for molecular phylogenetic analysis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE6FFB928E1FB5A3ABBFB6F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1065,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Two other frogs caught and examined but not collected, showed little variation from the holophoront in terms of size and coloration.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3D6D5F7FFE6FFB928E1FAE23EAEFAFB" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE6FFB928E1FAE23EAEFAFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1065,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB928E1FAE23A65FA82" bold="true" box="[199,334,1283,1307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This species is named after the
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<typeStatus id="447738DEFFE6FFB92A95FAE239C8FA82" box="[691,739,1283,1307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
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locality that it was discovered in, i.e.
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE6FFB92CAAFAE23FF4FA83" box="[1164,1247,1283,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bompu">Bompu</taxonomicName>
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at Eaglenest. By naming it after the location it was found in, it is hoped that the local community in the area will continue with their significant efforts to conserve the forests in the area. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, thus invariable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3D6D5F7FFE6FFB928E1FA8F3991F8AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE6FFB928E1FA8F3F63F976" blockId="2.[151,1437,1065,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB928E1FA8F3A6AFA1E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1390,1415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE6FFB9296EFA8F396DFA1F" box="[328,582,1390,1414]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bompu">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB9296EFA8F396DFA1F" box="[328,582,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Leptobrachium bompu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE6FFB92B7BFA8F3F23FA1F" box="[861,1032,1390,1414]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB92B7BFA8F3F23FA1F" box="[861,1032,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Leptobrachium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because of the following diagnosis: femoral gland present; oval flat axillary glands on flanks posterior to arm insertion present; rictal glands and ventrolateral glandular ridges absent; inner palmar tubercle circular of similar size to outer tubercle; vomerine teeth absent; snout and dermal palpebral projections absent; skin with fine ridges forming reticulum. It can be distinguished from the other species of
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE6FFB92A31FA1F39E9F98F" box="[535,706,1534,1558]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB92A31FA1F39E9F98F" box="[535,706,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Leptobrachium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of the following characters; spines on upper lip absent in adult males; head wider than long; tympanum indistinct; second finger shortest; finger tips swollen; tibia longer than 40 % of snout-vent length; toe tips swollen; webbing leaving 3 ½ phalanges of toe IV and 2 phalanges of toe V free; length of inner metatarsal tubercle almost equals first toe length; dorsal pattern with irregular distinct darker markings; ventrum brown (in alcohol), dark purple (in life) with small white spots; iris of uniform grey-blue coloration; sclera black. The new species differs from all congeners by a combination of various morphological characters, besides its body and eye coloration; for comparisons, see Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE6FFB928E1F91B3991F8AE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1065,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB928E1F91B3A71F88A" bold="true" box="[199,346,1786,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Onymotope.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE6FFB92942F91A3A9DF88B" box="[356,438,1787,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bompu">Bompu</taxonomicName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="FEF8E0BBFFE6FFB929EFF91B394BF88B" box="[457,608,1786,1810]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" precision="15" value="27.116945">27°06’61” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FEF8E0BBFFE6FFB92A49F91B382AF88B" box="[623,769,1786,1810]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" precision="15" value="92.68444">92°40’64” E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude of
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<quantity id="5C342B99FFE6FFB92BB6F91B38C2F88B" box="[912,1001,1786,1810]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1940.0">1940 m</quantity>
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) in the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh,
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<collectingCountry id="E3DBC6ECFFE6FFB92A5FF8FE399DF8AE" box="[633,694,1823,1847]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3D6D5F7FFE6FFBD28E1F8A33A7AFC5E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE6FFB928E1F8A33907F8E6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1065,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB928E1F8A33910F8C2" bold="true" box="[199,571,1858,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Description of the holophoront</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="03F79AF9FFE6FFB92A6DF8A339E1F8C3" box="[587,714,1858,1882]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1301,1324]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,988,1011]" captionTargetBox-0="[297,1305,218,1244]" captionTargetBox-1="[298,1282,189,967]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[277,1319,195,1268]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[274,1317,157,968]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Images of Leptobrachium bompu in life. a. Dorso-lateral view, b. Dorsal view, c. Ventro-lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Images of Leptobrachium bompu holophoront, KA 0001 / 200905. a. Dorso-lateral view; b. Dorsal view; c. Ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/204599/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/204600/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Figure 1–2</figureCitation>
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, Table 1):
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE6FFB92B61F8A33F40F8C2" bold="true" box="[839,1131,1858,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Size and general aspect:</emphasis>
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(1) Specimen of moderate size (SVL 47.0 mm), body rounded.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="CFB3D6F4FFE7FFB828B1FAF43EAEFAB2" box="[151,1413,1299,1324]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204599/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[297,1305,218,1244]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE7FFB828B1FAF43EAEFAB2" blockId="3.[151,1413,1299,1324]" box="[151,1413,1299,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE7FFB828B1FAF43A38FAB3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1301,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Images of
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<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE7FFB829B6FAF539A5FAB5" box="[400,654,1300,1324]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bompu">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE7FFB829B6FAF539A5FAB5" box="[400,654,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">Leptobrachium bompu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in life. a. Dorso-lateral view, b. Dorsal view, c. Ventro-lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE7FFB828E1FA613ACDF92E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1407,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE7FFB828E1FA613A3BFA01" bold="true" box="[199,272,1408,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">Head:</emphasis>
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(2) Head large, wider (HW
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82A6BFA9E3998FA0E" box="[589,691,1407,1431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="18.8">18.8 mm</quantity>
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||
) than long (HL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82B4EFA9E38E4FA0E" box="[872,975,1407,1431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="16.9">16.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; MN
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<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82C36FA9E3F5CFA0E" box="[1040,1143,1407,1431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
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; MFE 11.0 mm; MBE 5.0 mm), flat. (3) Snout rounded, not protruding; its length (SL
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<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82B17FA4238A3FA22" box="[817,904,1443,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
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||
) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL
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<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82D5FFA423BECFA46" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
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). (4) Canthus rostralis distinct, not prominent, loreal region flat; obtuse in cross section. (5) Interorbital space flat, larger (IUE
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<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB8297EFA0A3A9AF99A" box="[344,433,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
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) than upper eyelid (UEW
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82AC0FA0A3814F99A" box="[742,831,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
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||
) and than internarial distance (IN
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82CE8FA0A3E01F99A" box="[1230,1322,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
); distance between front of eyes (IFE
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB829EBF9EE390EF9BE" box="[461,549,1551,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) about two fifth of distance between back of eyes (IBE 14.0 mm). (6) Nostrils rounded, without flap of skin; slightly closer to eye (EN
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82B33F9D23847F9D2" box="[789,876,1587,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than to tip of snout (NS
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE7FFB82CAAF9D23FCCF9D2" box="[1164,1255,1587,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (7) Pupil oval, vertical. (8) Tympanum indistinct, not measured. (9) Pineal ocellus absent. (10) Vomerine ridge absent. (11) Tongue large, cordate, emarginate; median lingual process absent. (12) Supratympanic fold prominent from posterior corner of eye to forelimb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CFB3D6F4FFE0FFBF28B1FC3D3BE5FB88" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204600/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[298,1282,189,967]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE0FFBF28B1FC3D3BE5FB88" blockId="4.[151,1436,988,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE0FFBF28B1FC3D3A38FC68" bold="true" box="[151,275,988,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CCCFDFFFFE0FFBF29A0FC3D3947FC6B" box="[390,620,988,1010]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bompu">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE0FFBF29A0FC3D3947FC6B" box="[390,620,988,1010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Leptobrachium bompu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holophoront, KA0001/200905. a. Dorso-lateral view; b. Dorsal view; c. Ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE0FFBF28E1FBD9392AFA9D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1080,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE0FFBF28E1FBD93A62FBC8" bold="true" box="[199,329,1080,1105]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Forelimbs:</emphasis>
|
||
(13) Arm long, thin; fore-arm (FLL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2AC7FBD9386EFBC9" box="[737,837,1080,1104]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) about as long as hand (HAL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2CB7FBD93FD3FBC9" box="[1169,1272,1080,1104]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), not enlarged. (14) Fingers I, II and IV short, thin, subequal in length; finger III long, thin (TFL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2C64FBBD3FB5FBED" box="[1090,1182,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (15) Relative length, shortest to longest: II <I <IV <III. (16) Tips of fingers I to IV rounded, slightly enlarged, without grooves. (17) Fingers with thick dermal fringes; webbing absent. (18) Subarticular tubercles absent, but callous ridges beneath all fingers and metacarpus present. (19) Prepollex rounded, prominent; a single, round, prominent palmar tubercle; supernumerary tubercles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE0FFBF28E1FAF13BCDF9F5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1080,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE0FFBF28E1FAF13A65FAB0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1296,1321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Hindlimbs:</emphasis>
|
||
(20) Shanks rather long (tibiotarsal articulation reaching posterior corner of eye), four times longer (TL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF28D2FAD53A71FAD5" box="[244,346,1332,1356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="20.9">20.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than wide (TW
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2A3CFAD5395FFAD5" box="[538,628,1332,1356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), shorter than thigh (FL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2BA3FAD538C0FAD5" box="[901,1003,1332,1356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) but longer than distance from base of internal metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe IV (FOL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2A99FAB9380CFAE9" box="[703,807,1368,1392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="19.8">19.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (21) Toes short, thin, toe IV (FTL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2C9EFAB93E24FAE9" box="[1208,1295,1368,1392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) longer than third of distance from base of tarsus to tip of toe IV (TFOL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2B10FA9D38B4FA0D" box="[822,927,1404,1428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="27.3">27.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (22) Relative length of toes, shortest to longest: I <II <V <III <IV. (23) Tips of toes rounded, slightly enlarged, without grooves. (24) Webbing small:
|
||
<date id="EF72A0BCFFE0FFBF2D4EFA403BD4FA45" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">I 1 – 2 II 1 – 2</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<date id="EF72A0BCFFE0FFBF293AFA243A5CFA45" box="[284,375,1476,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">III 1 – 3</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<date id="EF72A0BCFFE0FFBF29B2FA243AEDFA45" box="[404,454,1476,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">IV 3</date>
|
||
½ –
|
||
<date id="EF72A0BCFFE0FFBF29DFFA253908FA45" box="[505,547,1476,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">2 V</date>
|
||
(MTTF
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2AA0FA2539F4FA45" box="[646,735,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; MTFF
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2B1DFA2538BEFA45" box="[827,917,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TFTF
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2BCCFA253F7AFA45" box="[1002,1105,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; FFTF
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF2C82FA253FD5FA45" box="[1188,1278,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (25) Dermal fringe present along the entire length of toe V (26) Subarticular tubercles absent, but callous ridges beneath all toes present. (27) Inner metatarsal tubercle long, distinct, its length (IMT 3.0 mm) is 0.9 times the length of toe I (ITL
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE0FFBF28B1F9D13BDBF9D1" box="[151,240,1584,1608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (28) Tarsal fold absent. (29) Outer metatarsal tubercle absent; supernumerary tubercles and tarsal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE0FFBF28E1F9993AEEF8B9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1080,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE0FFBF28E1F9993A2DF908" bold="true" box="[199,262,1656,1681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Skin:</emphasis>
|
||
(30) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: snout, between eyes, side of head, back and flank covered with fine ridges forming reticulum. (31) Dorsal parts of limbs: covered with longitudinal folds. (32) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: covered with dense, small glandular warts, coarser on throat. (33) Macroglands: pectoral glands small, rounded, on side of chest, posterior to arm insertion; small white femoral gland, on posterior shank, closer to knee than to vent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE2FFBD28E1FF763AADFEFD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE2FFBD28E1FF763AE4FF29" bold="true" box="[199,463,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Coloration in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
(34) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: brown with irregular distinct darker markings; loreal region lighter brown with dark bands; a dark spot on canthus near nostril; tympanic region brown with a dark line under tympanic fold; upper lip continuous to canthal and tympanic region. (35) Dorsal parts of limbs: brown with dark brown narrow bands; posterior part of thigh light brown with reduced white spotting. (36) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat, margin of throat and chest light brown; belly brown with white spots; webbing dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE2FFBD28E1FE8E3A30FD8E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE2FFBD28E1FE8E3AB0FE11" bold="true" box="[199,411,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
(37) Dorsum and head greyish-brown getting lighter on flanks; temporal region dark greyish-brown; sides of head and body with brownish shine, indistinct in natural light, but quite visible in artificial light; upper and lower lip whitish; upper side of forearms and legs grey with darker transversal bands; ventral surface of belly and legs dark purple with small white spots on glandular warts. Iris entirely greyish-blue with vertical black pupil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE2FFBD28E1FDC53FA3FDC6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE2FFBD28E1FDC5394BFDA5" bold="true" box="[199,608,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Male secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
(38) Vocal sacs: not distinct externally; openings as small slits, positioned near the proximal part of the tongue, surrounded by skin folds. (39) Nuptial spines absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE2FFBD28E1FD8D3F0FFC8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE2FFBD28E1FD8D3ACBFD1D" bold="true" box="[199,480,619,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Ecology and behaviour.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was observed on
|
||
<date id="EF72A0BCFFE2FFBD2B1EFD8D3F25FD1C" box="[824,1038,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" value="1921-05-22" valueMax="1921-05-26" valueMin="1921-05-22">21, 22 and 26 May</date>
|
||
2009 after sundown (
|
||
<date id="EF72A0BCFFE2FFBD2D23FD8D3EB7FD1D" box="[1285,1436,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" value="1830" valueMax="2000">1830 to 2000</date>
|
||
hours). The weather was cloudy and it was raining heavily during the study period. On the first and second day, the frogs were heard calling upstream, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="5C342B99FFE2FFBD2AEFFD55383BFD55" box="[713,784,692,716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
from the road, but on the third visit, after very heavy rainfall, the frog's calls were heard further downstream only. It is possible that the frogs had moved downstream with the force of the water or because suitable microhabitats were no longer available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE2FFBD28E1FCFE3FD2FCE6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
The frogs were passive and allowed themselves to be picked up without a struggle. They sat in a crouch. When disturbed or agitated, they moved or rather crawled laboriously. Three separate specimens were found and photographed. One of these specimens was collected on
|
||
<date id="EF72A0BCFFE2FFBD2AF7FC86380CFC18" box="[721,807,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" value="1922-05">22 May</date>
|
||
and is described here as the holophoront.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B73867CFFE2FFBD28E1FC6A3A7AFC5E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE2FFBD28E1FC6A3A74FC3D" bold="true" box="[199,351,907,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Vocalisation.</emphasis>
|
||
The loud call of the male is a croaking “
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B85A6EFFE2FFBD2B11FC6D38C3FC3D" box="[823,1000,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">kek-kek-kek-kek</emphasis>
|
||
”. The frogs continued calling at night when in the bag.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |