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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="28256" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4946b3cb-1ed4-4d61-a8ef-d7f41d57f5e1" ID-PMC="PMC4611744" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-56-7" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0" ID-PubMed="26491382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576308" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2003-56-7" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Problematic specimens turn out to be two undescribed species of Bignonia (Bignoniaceae)" checkinTime="1553125408466" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zuntini, Alexandre R., Taylor, Charlotte M. &amp; Lohmann, Lucia G." docDate="2015" docId="3FFA872EE94804804D31B409FDBA4D4F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 56: 7-18" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 56" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423" docTitle="Bignonia cararensis Zuntini 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0" masterDocTitle="Problematic specimens turn out to be two undescribed species of Bignonia (Bignoniaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1732851640245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="63EF6C2D59EC0EF4950A89A4F62E70BA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1C7237F803B99CABCF55D2026C64B729">
<mods:title id="F74EC75BE35C5FBA57716017B8443CCD">Problematic specimens turn out to be two undescribed species of Bignonia (Bignoniaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1815073E7CB77AFB03EB8326C2F449B3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7A678F5B7D67124F6B841D6040578F37">
<mods:roleTerm id="848C2EE23F82109EDC801096E2FB80A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1D7B781E279E0A2D97421BEC42206AD5">Zuntini, Alexandre R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="522431FC9E33C838210D740BEFEA8BBB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="99C9E566A29A0BE28BF8626720243EE7">
<mods:roleTerm id="15BDB3D7BC20FFC8615D63942A3992A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BCD843985BFAA0EE74738FCB23433D9E">Taylor, Charlotte M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3F72D584991320C442BA9404C74AFA5D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="94BF874F8D00E36CB0742564EB27C3CC">
<mods:roleTerm id="8EC95CA27F924697DF64A3C9BA9F4A41">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8679E8967CD1CE95966993C218973E9D">Lohmann, Lucia G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2D625854E757B06A30D1B33C918CBDCA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D7372EE3175CF1125468AFA472AD3C6F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="192F39751CE57B3EBDA4EF64C235CFBF">
<mods:title id="71B522B849E59E29497073D607F195AF">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C72B92F43F496166047694300F034C02">
<mods:date id="F099FA05D635FAB66FF034FF0C59DADD">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2799F77264F67C495C592B20DF6EB4FA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="36D1D4388D6682FEB28CAC6A752E7490">56</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="74C8A905F8C9457F44230B64AF390987" unit="page">
<mods:start id="1EF79AFB235EE652442C7EBE93CD22A0">7</mods:start>
<mods:end id="75521039A033543D597E606FF5073891">18</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="0AB6DCB60BEA558A544B23AA3059C755">
<mods:url id="1AED2F443B86941B70B83C032159CF21">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="5B3C75B21276A150B88E5388E546ABB8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A6B3866AD161F22B865E78A396EEAE1E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1BA21D029D76C543649B5FF3BCCDA9E8" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-56-7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BBF61E9A7647BD618390718EBD8BD48F" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="66642A0ECE67BCE8C9321C4E5142EA96" type="Zenodo-Dep">576308</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3FFA872EE94804804D31B409FDBA4D4F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3FFA872EE94804804D31B409FDBA4D4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FFA872EE94804804D31B409FDBA4D4F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" scope_family="Bignoniaceae">
<subSubSection id="8FA47F22AEFBAE8D1B39386FED3BE757" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9CE06813AB0B9224093101530E05E1FD" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E0F4D1D78FD61F8AF35E9930CB59DEC1" ID-CoL="99LFW" LSID="3FFA872E-E948-0480-4D31-B409FDBA4D4F" authority="Zuntini" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis" status="sp. nov.">Bignonia cararensis Zuntini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="94817E05D0E50CBE69B7843BC01699A1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="458E511FC2B9BFABFCCD6A870B6022B7" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="type">
<paragraph id="E6B9D64FD4C5629C78CFD354D532FB82" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="882BF856CA92EB3021E33AB88C2D91E3" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Reserva
<normalizedToken id="937DBA04359CFC9594F5CDBCBA9C1D75" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
[Parque Nacional] Carara, Sector Quebrada Bonita. Sitio Area administrativa,
<geoCoordinate id="1E9414086415D084FE6BE3117B3C5A85" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="45.6" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.76">09°45.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1714C47887FC9DDD398274DC6851E4C1" degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="36.0" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.6">084°36.0'W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 m, 9 February 1990,
<emphasis id="9E83A4C3F9C43C8F9D80082816D87215" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
R.
<normalizedToken id="2C391F5E67B06EA2D1D887967E9EE224" originalValue="Zúñiga">Zuniga</normalizedToken>
90
</emphasis>
(holotype: CR-145925, mounted in two sheets!; isotypes: F!, INB!, MO!). Figure
<figureCitation id="840EF839A288B1C83C2E04A6925D1745" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bignonia cararensis Zuntini A Flowering branch B Gland cluster at leaflet apex on adaxial surface C Calyx D Opened flower E Detail of internal flower base, showing the glandular stipitate trichomes at corolla F Detail of the internal sericeous indument of the corolla lobes G Ovary cross-section H Fruit. Illustrated from Zuniga 90 (MO) [A-G] and Weinberg s. n. (MO- 3842040) [H]." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55694" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44F6738440F14CDF97C47780BF72D875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="966626" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55694" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="8E59BBA1237CCED362FA65E82A85A055" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1D9A1A51AF95FB486FBDEAE6D087F560" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AE8C5100F5E6FFE54F9D6CA462DA8165" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="2597F58A6495A3CF4B80AD0E965CECB9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zuntini
<emphasis id="D8614294BB3A4BA6CBA1126548DF45B5" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
Flowering branch
<emphasis id="750772BF0982E0A8101B12361C8E07D0" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
Gland cluster at leaflet apex on adaxial surface
<emphasis id="F54BA4A3874C894363CCC6559BE5764F" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
Calyx
<emphasis id="1D05953A10D787030D3D40E7E402941A" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
Opened flower
<emphasis id="BFF96AEF32E3D420A6E84840B8846F30" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
Detail of internal flower base, showing the glandular stipitate trichomes at corolla
<emphasis id="7E7AA3A360C68B38B5A3164FDCFAF8EE" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
Detail of the internal sericeous indument of the corolla lobes
<emphasis id="6D2386BCE69FAA5AC81C9509AF988EB3" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
Ovary cross-section
<emphasis id="2A1078943307FF4207E8B0D8C398B564" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
Fruit. Illustrated from
<emphasis id="F06A1DDB6BB91DFBD728BF54D61191A3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<normalizedToken id="2D48B392427BC23ECCF6DE7666560F64" originalValue="Zuñiga">Zuniga</normalizedToken>
90
</emphasis>
(MO) [
<emphasis id="D13CB6D861257E50CFC4C5A45C1B55C2" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<normalizedToken id="4855958B4DDBC4FFF730D31366E3E583" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
] and
<emphasis id="56E17B89DCE33FAA3BC19F5E158A35B0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Weinberg s.n.</emphasis>
(MO-3842040) [
<emphasis id="7E7A0B15F7649E55E838A3D1839E7078" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
].
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47B6D563C3FAC21D02D9481EE2B0FB25" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DAB9BB991ABFCEF6C8FBB2456B93029C" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224B20AFB4E624A8DCCF49B721FA9C8E" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
This new species is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="44C6907F769B433D99B3F2F7C3B73C88" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="25C1A37DA4A2FF3AF65687672707ACDA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kraenzl.) L.G.Lohmann, but differs by the absence of interpetiolar ridges, inflorescences with compound dichasia (vs. simple dichasia in
<taxonomicName id="C37EC97C6B5BD8DE16099AB8E397606A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="ABD16551E49C0BC83B3311E9FF74B9B5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and fruits up to 14 cm long with cylindrical and delicate spines (vs. longer than 16 cm with triangular and rough spines in
<taxonomicName id="DCB19236ECB28C750A8DE9260ADA19AA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="D4C3CA7AB6E870D8B2678B93F6E39AA5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Table
<tableCitation id="5DA201DE146A6F6E15153CC99A658183" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Contrasting characters of Bignonia cararensis and Bignonia uleana." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5ECB2E9D47ABDEBF53AD4F9CD044FF9F" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="5ECB2E9D47ABDEBF53AD4F9CD044FF9F">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5ECB2E9D47ABDEBF53AD4F9CD044FF9F" ID-Table-UUID="5ECB2E9D47ABDEBF53AD4F9CD044FF9F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5ECB2E9D47ABDEBF53AD4F9CD044FF9F" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="4394FABE4672E1D0EFC62EA894F63175" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="12202CFC9888A9F0867228FF8AF3B92E" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Table 1.</emphasis>
Contrasting characters of
<taxonomicName id="2A3DF6804E5B697D8CD7E390E6F6219A" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="4627A2F6C3E18AE4BDCC815765CDF52B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F5CE183B9662B59DF0C35EB713F5EA02" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="2383366DDF7F9416256A00A1D063254A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC1A13B88B79918978FA8AE59A94EB27" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<table id="E52685D6B2022F05A151AE2B995C9CBC" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="A88B1BB213AC29AE48A6EF25CAC5582C" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<th id="823346A3BD9CE967D5618BE29346D778" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Character</th>
<th id="15604D6C5A964753EBD9388B6431DC0C" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="933E1F4FB697F936221B3ADD4B7621F6" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="507B9BE3210CB18A3CF2131A6ABCB289" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="79A4668947D4345D3496BA392B35D7F4" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="23C94B6CED24F08EB053404DC57547DA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="DEE371EAA7759137BCAFFC6DEAE530B9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E2FEC4D4345FB0284EE676A5B1EA1AD4" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<td id="2F76E3A1154E37BE23C384B2DB4EF5A9" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Interpetiolar ridge</td>
<td id="14ACAAEEACD6CEEB3EAFED168B91B25B" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="EF4CB076B10781746C7E787D46893494" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="013218D0BC1F4128DEC863EA7F735C7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<td id="4F8A05A71A62F407A337C2C506FCF08E" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Inflorescence lateral structure</td>
<td id="BB2BC5C0851F87D339D13B607055E7A1" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Compound dichasia</td>
<td id="0F2B9F8FFBB4807E84416A8B9950353C" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Simple dichasia</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7FEA908973AAFA0AAAA28FD94DA8B167" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<td id="5B12C482692FC1D6FC50E19E11FAD49C" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Fruit length (cm)</td>
<td id="775DD9B37191FE8245BA0CD57F0EC793" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">11.2-14.5</td>
<td id="49133F4BD176D8C38E3FF2793A6CB5F2" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">16.8-26.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5E891D8FC0FABAEBB38EA8F4856D6A39" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<td id="6E25400577F307F1E22425B7903FF864" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Fruit spines</td>
<td id="0DA76B1A54F79E437CBBB81A3A7DA416" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Cylindrical, moderately distributed</td>
<td id="A0B5604671F115AF9EE2AC1CAF693E53" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Triangular, sparsely distributed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0AF294ADC1606B21091A009E57DCEE1B" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<td id="381F479E5F7DB816EF091A2FF076B660" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Distribution</td>
<td id="9B0A378E1AF9A6F1D2C1C0902EAD1334" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Costa Rica</td>
<td id="5A49AD675906909E5226826D43C0B72A" colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Bolivia, Brazil and Peru</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19EB6353CB0EF271A476413CC443BC3F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="C410FC5A30A460271D602DB70FB434B7" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC8166469E8E4AA423DE91428C528C41" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
Lianas.
<emphasis id="DBD0E0F136E13C843EFADC46301006B9" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Stems</emphasis>
solid, cylindrical, not winged, with lenticels, without interpetiolar gland fields, without interpetiolar ridge, puberulous at least at nodes, sparsely lepidote; foliaceous prophylls caducous, cymbiform, ascending, sessile, symmetrical, 1.7-2.0 mm
<normalizedToken id="BBD2E8ED69F03F6E7FB721781C688DDD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 1.4 mm, ciliate, sparsely lepidote, without glands; bromeliad-like prophylls present.
<emphasis id="CD2C71A08244337CB531826A79BCC85D" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Leaves</emphasis>
2-foliolate; petiole semi-cylindrical, 35.9-46.5 mm, without simple trichomes or puberulous, sparsely lepidote; petiolules semi-cylindrical, 25.0-45.3 mm, without simple trichomes or puberulous, sparsely lepidote; blades concolorous to slightly discolorous, chartaceous, matte, symmetrical, elliptic to widely elliptic, shortly acuminate apically, rounded basally, 17.1-23.4
<normalizedToken id="98AB463152A6D62F038BE04AC44CCBF8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11.0-12.8 cm, on adaxial surface puberulous at base, sparsely lepidote, with glands clustered at apex and few scattered, on abaxial surface without simple trichomes or puberulous on mid and secondary veins, sparsely lepidote, with a few scattered glands; venation pinnate, with tertiary venations mixed opposite-alternate percurrent; tendrils rarely present, simple, without simple trichomes, sparsely lepidote, with simple apex.
<emphasis id="24221B66176FC05B4DEB4462202BAE26" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Inflorescences</emphasis>
thyrses, terminal, multi-flowered, with lateral dichasia compound and pedunculate, without simple trichomes, sparsely to moderately lepidote, primary axis ca. 255.0 mm long; bracts caducous, narrowly triangular, 1.8-2.1
<normalizedToken id="35E666AA250D1009E56C949C9CBAC96C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.6 mm, without simple trichomes, sparsely lepidote, without glands; pedicels 6.7-14.4 mm, without simple trichomes, sparsely lepidote, without glands.
<emphasis id="0547828CD9C308B94B8FE82462A64159" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Flowers</emphasis>
with calyx cupular, 5-toothed, sub-chartaceous, 3.7-5.9
<normalizedToken id="CE0C48BC3468700005EE5E8C6661CAD0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.7-6.4 mm wide at apex, ciliate, moderately lepidote, with a few scattered glands, teeth 0.6-1.4 mm; corolla purple outside, inside color unknown, infundibuliform, dorso-ventrally flattened, membranous, 40.8-75.0 mm, externally sericeous, sparsely lepidote, without glands, internally sericeous at lobes, not lepidote, with stipitate glandular trichomes at base, tube 28.4-52.5
<normalizedToken id="1D976BD481D7EE2C05AC0BD7904DC70D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.7-3.3 mm wide at base and 10.9-14.1 mm wide at apex, lobes sub-circular, 9.7-22.0
<normalizedToken id="334E8A4FA14F23C602BE437160FEB57A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10.7-15.5 mm; androecium didynamous, with stamens included, the largest 16.4-18.6 mm, the shortest 11.2-11.3 mm, without simple trichomes, not lepidote, with stipitate glandular trichomes at base, thecae 3.3-3.5 mm, staminode ca. 4.2 mm; gynoecium 25.5-27.9 mm, ovary cylindrical, verrucose, without simple trichomes, not lepidote, ovules in 2
<pageBreakToken id="08965107595B7AAD764D64C4EEC6D3D4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" start="start">series</pageBreakToken>
per locule, style not lepidote; nectariferous disk reduced.
<emphasis id="06C68E5DB8F3589EB9B48380075BA160" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Fruits</emphasis>
inflated, narrowly elliptic, 11.2-14.5
<normalizedToken id="F671915445752F52FD13F16C927702FC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.1-4.0 wide
<normalizedToken id="03926F63DAC4574A6BAD242C25642902" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 1.4 cm thick, valves woody, without ridges, moderately echinate, without simple trichomes, not lepidote, without glands; spines cylindrical, 8.2-13.4 mm.
<emphasis id="45134CDC27751A5503C726ABA3D7D58C" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Seeds</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="556DC8B1F0F2037658470DB52D0080DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="04A758ACC68E21D968AA94A6781AFB66" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B03A6DF4DD49EC84FF8DE48BFD5621D" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
This species is known only from Parque Nacional Carara, in Puntarenas, Costa Rica, between 20 and 100 m elevation (Fig.
<figureCitation id="213E332B63A48D6313369FE7E433FEF5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Bignonia cararensis (red circles) and Bignonia uleana (green squares). Elevation in meters, following the scale on the right." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55695" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="5DC16BD0F5F3E9EB040E6BE44CAC58CD" ID-Zenodo-Dep="966628" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55695" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="EBE5ECB3E7E4617B9E2368453D72F6C7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="2C1457EA73674171C05DA25C10141450" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="60405C6E06B07C49002A0619F58F29D8" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="1BBB7EC86F362B9C860D79E17DEC633E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red circles) and
<taxonomicName id="86B5DB580A8099D07DE2B3BE1F5D345D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="3E73AA600C6594108DAE6D653F91E4ED" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(green squares). Elevation in meters, following the scale on the right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB5138FA3303EE36525B0B81C16DFD90" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="975AAF7B5BD39313B95EA9F3CD5E4BED" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<pageBreakToken id="AACCC2507F064B18AECA4F31617F9A29" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" start="start">Phenology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B6FF3E231F354CA882FF65C9C991B68" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
Three fertile collections are documented for
<taxonomicName id="310EA8F1655B90DC906FDE1CCBFF9627" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="3FE1E7D951E200A94CD805B85B749E84" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a single flowering specimen was collected in February and two fruiting specimens were collected in February and October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFA256B6CD43C50D2261F2FC7AA78C32" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CD24CF7639DA17E78CCED82A34DCCCD6" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C108D6AFC6A68EB4078707497B5F589" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">The name is a reference to the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74FC8746B65E87B4F2E3E5048930E83E" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="FB22A79B1B56B5392B88868EC306AD48" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C56E20F65DA9C823C173CDADA4ED208" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
The collections from the main herbaria of Costa Rica (CR, INB and USJ) were consulted, but so far this species is only documented from Parque Nacional Carara. Since
<taxonomicName id="70D72E74A5271C8A0F1026B9AEAD0B47" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="E6E1C986C1688CED48DA11DB3DD5ED16" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known exclusively from the type locality, its full distribution cannot be accurately assessed and is here listed as Data Deficient (DD). Additional fieldwork is necessary to estimate the number of mature individuals and to assess the full extend of the
<normalizedToken id="F649EB3DAE6549FF8BEDA6B8BB3BCFF5" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BB1A0D0E25117D76B1BE80E3CA27ECC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A35FFDF50E0A81AA85D83E2CB57C14E3" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06AA6F4A9545CF32CB2E30CB949E231E" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="047322E1875C006F1532D80826A8C215" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="22AD71B08862DC2BE951E2F5A4744029" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species from Bolivia, central western Brazil and Peru.
<taxonomicName id="EFC96335240D35BE1C9BD7C14D964A0E" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="FFBEE56BE303D30C330F972FE7FD35A3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the absence of interpetiolar ridges (vs. present in
<taxonomicName id="4832B6422BEA60E94BF755B11D0ADABA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="D359AA441E60F25DEC3118A76A2F56DF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the inflorescences in lateral compound dichasia (vs. lateral simple dichasia in
<taxonomicName id="1DBE2B229A9DF80615C9485ACA72A135" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="04B9174745A54FE581007B0D13EF04B5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the fruit up to 14 cm and with cylindrical delicate spines (vs. longer than 16 cm with triangular rough spines in
<taxonomicName id="1484D0157E559A655225FF3BC48CB54C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis id="BBD5D26861FBF4990185CE70FE8D4CBB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Table
<tableCitation id="B466745A1A5D9507E2AEE6B6FEB67E5A" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Contrasting characters of Bignonia cararensis and Bignonia uleana." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5ECB2E9D47ABDEBF53AD4F9CD044FF9F" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="5ECB2E9D47ABDEBF53AD4F9CD044FF9F">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60CFBDEB57124CEEAC9B4123224CE9A9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
The flowering collection
<emphasis id="54088D44CB732D3ECF32010B2115A58E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<normalizedToken id="E3D9387DEC83F169E201C64A9647DDCB" originalValue="Zuñiga">Zuniga</normalizedToken>
90
</emphasis>
was previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="15C7DB1814CFFA7FE88AC498AC90814D" authorityName="A. H. Gentry" authorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Cydista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cydista lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="4C603E3F07F7809C2AEA97DF13E7E05B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Cydista lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.H.Gentry [≡
<taxonomicName id="8623CB5AB15F127ED8C2D5B26E18954A" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="2A5C01A494CB3033BF10241304E82A7A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A.H.Gentry) L.G.Lohmann] (
<bibRefCitation id="4DFDF74A1B61EA1804BA1D8665775A17" author="Burger, W" editor="Burger, W" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana, Bot (n. s.)" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" pagination="77 - 162" refId="B1" refString="Burger, W, Gentry, AH, 2000. Bignoniaceae. In: Burger, W, Ed., Flora costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot (n.s.) 41: 77 - 162" title="Bignoniaceae." volume="41" volumeTitle="Flora costaricensis." year="2000">Burger and Gentry 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B1E0AA002E358F1A6492822AD82C59A7" author="Hauk, WD" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" pagination="815 - 840" publicationUrl="10.2307/2992028" refId="B3" refString="Hauk, WD, 1997. A review of the genus Cydista (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 84: 815 - 840, DOI: 10.2307/2992028" title="A review of the genus Cydista (Bignoniaceae)." url="10.2307/2992028" volume="84" year="1997">
<pageBreakToken id="8FA9FCD0430E9C636DF1F811B8AADDCB" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" start="start">Hauk</pageBreakToken>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="7B5825E075F599025656B581FD5D1C0D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">in sched</emphasis>
. at CR, INB and MO), and so was the sterile specimen
<emphasis id="1BDC3BC3E58F4E1E64BE99DDA699AAC5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Acosta Vargas 826</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="9F635AE23D7ED7AA0E9693DE4B11762F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">in sched.</emphasis>
at INB and MO).
<taxonomicName id="2D56A237641A561436D0AFBFEC973030" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="3954AB7D6C1306D24ACE86C828C7C678" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="913B30603B1DAD8CFA91AE6DEF1AE976" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="34A6B2131AE6D13F7516552C4D84F345" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares cylindrical stems, large leaflets, and inflorescences in thyrses with compound lateral dichasia. However,
<taxonomicName id="ABA1141465604403DE62C214A908CF1A" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="4B535B8AAD59B429EC8058F24F590BA2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="480D28A5883BDA9FD457660AC3F3ED23" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="A390AFE735F98E90D579BE73F2D3876C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an Amazonian species, by its glabrous and verrucose ovary (vs. densely lepidote and smooth in
<taxonomicName id="DBE0922DB7648F69114A002B218D0A7B" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="2F8C5D03A950ECFF6C95BB57C24F3EE9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), sparsely lepidote stems, inflorescences and flowers (all of these structures are densely lepidote in
<taxonomicName id="915D792974DA11A80918FAE6E2B2F49C" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="2FAF789EDEF7AA322AE8184ECE322C12" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), gland clusters borne on the adaxial surface of leaflet apices (vs. basal gland clusters on the abaxial leaflet surface in
<taxonomicName id="4C6538EC11C522516719589879E605C8" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="FDDF578083AA2CC3C3721FCB6E1398DA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and buds with straight apices (vs. curved apices in
<taxonomicName id="E7E0D7DD9F4DA78721D1773AD8490CDC" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="A1C1F9917C57C1D4797971BD82F23A7D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2AE4E08FDE5FDA3308C8FB6B03FDFDB3" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
In contrast, the fruiting collection
<emphasis id="07B60661E05D058AC13CB6BC33308E59" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<normalizedToken id="DEE2BBA7B9E5586EA92A930E31375761" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
2042
</emphasis>
was previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="8084D5F94024FAACE0D91B5DB7ECBA5C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma pterocalyx" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterocalyx">
<emphasis id="1B09C94E2CAB60921A968565E8249853" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Clytostoma pterocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sprague ex Urb. [≡
<taxonomicName id="CDDED0AFCD92E336982288D3ACAD88FF" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Sprague ex Urb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia pterocalyx" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterocalyx">
<emphasis id="274CE987D3102ED53DE87D57C00317B6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia pterocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sprague ex Urb.) L.G.Lohmann] (
<emphasis id="34DFC90F573180CA921C16901119EBC8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">in sched.</emphasis>
at INB), and as
<taxonomicName id="E16AFD8BFFBABC5BD625569F0EB4FC3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis id="B4637F583D4AC9C676130A4B2E854BB3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Clytostoma sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bureau &amp; K.Schum. [≡
<taxonomicName id="031DF865555A68F177F7AC564EBF5CA6" authorityName="L.G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis id="4DD21BF9CD80755B4841463704EDE172" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bureau &amp; K.Schum.) L.G.Lohmann] (
<emphasis id="1585DEF55138694058ED5319C6266690" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">in sched.</emphasis>
at CR and INB). The other fruiting material of this new species (
<emphasis id="DF9A4C046535AFEC8AE83987695B5EAF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Weinberg s.n.</emphasis>
) was also identified as
<taxonomicName id="F56DD86D2B7F60903BEFC11117115498" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis id="AA9B0CE9E2C30066DF93D7319E2E9770" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Clytostoma sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="69A915DED674219804647FA78002C8B6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">in sched.</emphasis>
at MO). However,
<taxonomicName id="E63CCB08A508FAED034A0030119DB665" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="E67C17FFE2E0BBA4ED5320E903318D63" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="2668367690256C3D7CFD5C78F69E8209" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Sprague ex Urb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia pterocalyx" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterocalyx">
<emphasis id="7E4E1AAC8A312C35BD762E064672AF01" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia pterocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its puberulous stems and inflorescences (vs. pilose in
<taxonomicName id="A716FB5538C579BA18BB4878B2A81176" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Sprague ex Urb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia pterocalyx" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterocalyx">
<emphasis id="6B2FBA1CD3F8824FEA4F79154FF6BD98" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia pterocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 2-foliolate leaves (vs. 1-foliolate in
<taxonomicName id="7BAFABEE56FE2D2F61350B52B3279276" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Sprague ex Urb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia pterocalyx" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterocalyx">
<emphasis id="833A0B6BA630AFC65991F16D9E9CC7A7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia pterocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and moderately echinate fruit (vs. densely echinate in B. pterocalyx).
<taxonomicName id="DF93D06488630EA11C8268CAA858351D" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="9A1FF76444359BF99781221B23C4632D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="7E7C8EA8034EAB08D1C9D3B44BB4B5D1" authorityName="L.G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis id="15E5DD14E658D8FCB5D4241D820C4B68" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the cylindrical stems (vs. quadrangular in
<taxonomicName id="FE9A4D4A73276F1F9317A1AAF9CB29E7" authorityName="L.G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis id="0CAD8963827235BF4395359D8CFAABA5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and apical gland clusters borne on the adaxial leaflet surface (vs. no apical clusters in
<taxonomicName id="0B5D281F2C931D432A66F7262E9A35D2" authorityName="L.G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis id="6B7503B74573AD3EDE04762C89B29708" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5FFA4DB3289E656808E462DE335013E8" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="950AB0983723075EA6215F4BFE28D6C9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma pterocalyx" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterocalyx">
<emphasis id="3D407F11A567D24C817D7C5AD89969D6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Clytostoma pterocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="935815A2BC0DC915D71B9DD16FBF3995" authorityName="A. H. Gentry" authorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Cydista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cydista lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="F547BBD94A071766F9D8F1A364AA3DDC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Cydista lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were reported as new records for Costa Rica (
<bibRefCitation id="6284E448E31D84B64D241F24E3922CD4" author="Burger, W" editor="Burger, W" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana, Bot (n. s.)" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" pagination="77 - 162" refId="B1" refString="Burger, W, Gentry, AH, 2000. Bignoniaceae. In: Burger, W, Ed., Flora costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot (n.s.) 41: 77 - 162" title="Bignoniaceae." volume="41" volumeTitle="Flora costaricensis." year="2000">Burger and Gentry 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="04576290B4F00FDF2E29F034177C5600" author="Hauk, WD" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" pagination="815 - 840" publicationUrl="10.2307/2992028" refId="B3" refString="Hauk, WD, 1997. A review of the genus Cydista (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 84: 815 - 840, DOI: 10.2307/2992028" title="A review of the genus Cydista (Bignoniaceae)." url="10.2307/2992028" volume="84" year="1997">Hauk 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="39C5073F41FF12D900E2E0D90892C505" author="Jimenez, MQ" journalOrPublisher="Brenesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 66" refId="B5" refString="Jimenez, MQ, Grayum, MH, 2002. Vegetacion del Parque Nacional Carara, Costa Rica. Brenesia 57-58: 25 - 66" title="Vegetacion del Parque Nacional Carara, Costa Rica." volume="57 - 58" year="2002">
<normalizedToken id="1DABF6AB4D03D2E5BAEA4E8707B31007" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
and Grayum 2002
</bibRefCitation>
) based on the specimens studied here, but with the re-identification of these specimens both of these species are now known only from South America.
<taxonomicName id="CFA81E389DA834F491D873B37FC38B40" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Sprague ex Urb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia pterocalyx" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterocalyx">
<emphasis id="48E330FC8D8A0C50E666E7B45893DD92" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia pterocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in Venezuela and Colombia, and
<taxonomicName id="E29C4CAA768FBBB96EE4F0AB56CB0DE4" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia lilacina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lilacina">
<emphasis id="F9A1E6B29968EEAFD4316BA752683988" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia lilacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed throughout Amazonia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64381F90052A17E110FE051FC500E8A7" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
The Carara National Park is located in the northern portion of the
<normalizedToken id="26E4E5635281B82516F00890D0A9BE73" originalValue="Tárcoles-Térraba">Tarcoles-Terraba</normalizedToken>
floristic region, which extends through the central portion of Pacific coastal Costa Rica (
<bibRefCitation id="3434E4CE8FDAC04B5867A639EB12BB5C" author="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" refId="B2" refString="Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, 2004. 1 Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" title="1 Manual de plantas de Costa Rica." year="2004">Hammel et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). This region has a combination of dry and moist forests, and includes elements from Nicoya and Osa Peninsulas, where
<taxonomicName id="6CA5CEB05D7EA5DEC63688DAD50289F7" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia cararensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cararensis">
<emphasis id="6479ECA01E480F7A20DD8C972E73D9DA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Bignonia cararensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might also be found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D73319F01293C514736D6FC0CEAB72A4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="additional examined specimens">
<paragraph id="2747F55DE935352ECFE6A467BD03636D" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Additional examined specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4677CE66555FDA927AEAAF99A1EEAAC3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Carara Biological Reserve, 2.6 km del
<normalizedToken id="6AC2EA8989436BBA94FE9B25B5CDE7EF" originalValue="portón">porton</normalizedToken>
de la entrada del sendero Laguna Meandrica. Primer
<normalizedToken id="9CEB1B99D89D40521E1F6FA5B3B1383F" originalValue="desviación">desviacion</normalizedToken>
a mano izquierda entrando,
<geoCoordinate id="CE571CAE7A62DED81803B339C3C2B523" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="48.0" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.8">9°48.0'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8D7AF2A8D45EBDE59EEEBED13209A712" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="35.16" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-84.586">84°35.16'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m, 6 Apr 2000,
<emphasis id="FDCEBD189C832DF218A336D0B36328AD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">L.G. Acosta Vargas 826</emphasis>
(INB, MO); Camino a Coopecarara,
<geoCoordinate id="47247411FEEA7506C53B4E8EDA48E29D" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="47.16" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="9.786">9°47.16'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BC01FD8DB05A86E9BD2B81CC4B35A412" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="36.16" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-84.60267">84°36.16'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100
<pageBreakToken id="96BB1D26F88609559F583FECCFFA455C" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" start="start">m</pageBreakToken>
, 11 Oct 1995,
<emphasis id="E0CA22CEA35349F75C40DF17FB04572C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
Q.
<normalizedToken id="AC4290AB8D9729D9EA3D52826F71DB38" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
2042
</emphasis>
(CR, INB); Carara Biological Reserve. 15 minute walk from entrance of Carara taking trail winding right (counter-clockwise),
<geoCoordinate id="F815A902FBEEAA345CD8D3F5A08C483A" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.766666">9°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="05DC37CFA06E5C00232D7696361F3255" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.51667">84°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 18 Feb 1991,
<emphasis id="51284607DA2801701566A2685521B576" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">R. Weinberg s.n.</emphasis>
(MO-3842040).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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