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<document id="ABB24717D3B735D0B802FC40F4333A93" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.311.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13700563" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725574901492" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ranjbar, Massoud &amp; Ranjbar, Zahra" docDate="2017" docId="039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.311.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 311 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.311.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Cephalaria microcephala Boissier 1856" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="FFAEFF95FF8C9C6CDE37D27DFF83A467" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Cephalaria subgen. Cephalaria sect. Atrocephalae (Caprifoliaceae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1725584670209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3F31DCDC3C28D4DA96F232B3EC50AA0A">A taxonomic revision of Cephalaria subgen. Cephalaria sect. Atrocephalae (Caprifoliaceae) from Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6322B89CB70C032749B0CC8A6C3CFFC9">Ranjbar, Massoud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FF6B90FE2FB15328D1F6977EDE836B45">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A95C8791237E323EE58D9BE6BD7F1249">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CEA800A4297E29C05F96FA080A2F5E50">2017-06-27</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0472BECF6073C35600792BE47016272C" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.311.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AE8E91F5092C9861BDBCE83A663BD6A4" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection id="C3246570FF9C9C7CDEBFD2DDFC98A4DE" box="[136,795,158,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9C9C7CDEBFD2DDFC98A4DE" blockId="16.[136,1452,158,255]" box="[136,795,158,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<heading id="D0C98197FF9C9C7CDEBFD2DDFC98A4DE" box="[136,795,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9C9C7CDEBFD2DDFF28A4DE" bold="true" box="[136,171,160,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9C9C7CDE85D2E3FD4BA4DE" ID-CoL="SCFT" authority="Boissier (1856: 123)" authorityName="Boissier" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1856" box="[178,712,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9C9C7CDE85D2E3FE54A4DE" bold="true" box="[178,471,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Cephalaria microcephala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B0AFF9C9C7CDFE9D2DDFD4BA4DE" author="Boissier, E." box="[478,712,160,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" refId="ref21175" refString="Boissier, E. (1856) Diagnosis Plantarum Orientalium Novarum (ser. 2), vol. 2. Lipsiae [Leipzig], 126 pp." type="book" year="1856">Boissier (1856: 123)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<figureCitation id="13052A7EFF9C9C7CDCE5D2DDFC95A4DE" box="[722,790,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1458,1479]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cephalaria microcephala Boiss. A. Habitat. B. Capitulum." pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3246570FF9C9C7DDEBFD2BBFB3DA7B6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9C9C7CDEBFD2BBFBE4A498" blockId="16.[136,1452,158,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<materialsCitation id="3B563CA6FF9C9C7CDEBFD2BBFBE0A498" collectingDate="1843-07-01" collectorName="N Iran" country="Iran" location="Tehran" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Tehran" typeStatus="lectotype">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F329766BFF9C9C7CDEE0D2BBFE97A4BC" box="[215,276,198,219]" name="Iran" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov.
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9C9C7CDF60D2BBFE1EA4BC" box="[343,413,198,219]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Tehran</collectingRegion>
: in sloping hill of Dudera (Taleqan),
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9C9C7CDD30D2BBFCC9A4BC" box="[775,842,198,219]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Alborz</collectingRegion>
in
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9C9C7CDD5DD2BBFC2FA4BC" box="[874,940,198,219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">N Iran</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF80103BFF9C9C7CDD80D2BBFBA8A4BC" box="[951,1067,198,219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" value="1843-07-01">
<collectingDate id="EFC4E9D3FF9C9C7CDD80D2BBFBA8A4BC" box="[951,1067,198,219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" value="1843-07-01">1 July 1843</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9C9C7CDA01D2BBFB2CA4BC" box="[1078,1199,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Kotschy 422</emphasis>
(G-Boiss! [G00330273!],
<typeStatus id="54858859FF9C9C7CDE8AD297FE96A498" box="[189,277,234,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B0AFF9C9C7CDF91D297FD56A498" author="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Ranjbar, Z." box="[422,725,234,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" pagination="173 - 181" refId="ref21841" refString="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Ranjbar, Z. (2015) Taxonomic notes on the Cephalaria sect. Atrocephalae (Caprifoliaceae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 217: 173 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 217.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">Ranjbar &amp; Ranjbar (2015: 177)</bibRefCitation>
;
<typeStatus id="54858859FF9C9C7CDCD7D297FCDEA498" box="[736,861,234,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
G!, W!, E!, OXF!, WAG!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF416673FF9C9C7CDEBFD7CFFCB9A1A0" box="[136,826,1458,1479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" startId="16.[136,229,1458,1479]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9C9C7CDEBFD7CFFCB9A1A0" blockId="16.[136,826,1458,1479]" box="[136,826,1458,1479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9C9C7CDEBFD7CFFF7EA1A0" bold="true" box="[136,253,1458,1479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9C9C7CDF34D7CFFD44A1A0" authority="Boiss. A. Habitat. B." box="[259,711,1458,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9C9C7CDF34D7CFFE79A1A0" box="[259,506,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Cephalaria microcephala</emphasis>
Boiss.
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9C9C7CDC76D7CFFDDAA1A0" bold="true" box="[577,601,1458,1479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">A.</emphasis>
Habitat.
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9C9C7CDC86D7CFFD44A1A0" bold="true" box="[689,711,1458,1479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">B.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Capitulum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9C9C7DDEBFD785FCC6A5D2" blockId="16.[136,1452,1528,2093]" lastBlockId="17.[136,1452,160,1229]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
Perennial, erect, slender herbs. Stems
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDC18D785FD2CA276" box="[559,687,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="97.5" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="75.0">75–120 cm</quantity>
, many, consisting of 5–6 shoots, racemes many-branched, pubescent to rather glabrous, green-striate. Leaves slightly coriaceous, opposite, blades symmetrical, leaves grey-greenish when dried, surface pubescent to tomentose, hairy along the midvein and margins. Lower cauline leaves petiolate (
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDB5CD43DFF29A21A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 cm</quantity>
long), simple or lyrate-pinnatisect, oblong-elliptic in outline, 12–14 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDDF8D419FBA4A21A" box="[975,1063,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
, with 2–4 lateral segments; lateral segments linear-oblong, 1–1.5 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDFC9D4F5FDFCA2C6" box="[510,639,1672,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 cm</quantity>
, entire, acute at apex; terminal segment larger than lateral ones, oblong to lanceolate, 5.5–8.5 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDFADD4D1FE72A2A2" box="[410,497,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
, acute to obtuse at apex, serrate to dentate, 6–8 teeth (apical side straight, basal side flexuous), angle of teeth with reference to the midrib 70º–90º, teeth
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDDABD4ADFC78A28E" box="[924,1019,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long, midvein flat adaxially, rounded abaxially, tertiary veins reticulate, oblique. Middle cauline leaves simple to lyrate or pinnatilobed, oblong-lanceolate to rhombic in outline, 3.5–5 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDFDED565FDD5A356" box="[489,598,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
, with 6–8 lateral segments; lateral segments linear-lanceolate, 1–3 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDB5AD565FF2EA332" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 cm</quantity>
, entire, acute at apex; terminal segment larger than lateral ones, oblong to lanceolate, 6–12.5 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDAC7D541FAC4A332" box="[1264,1351,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
, acute at apex, dentate, rarely entire, 15–60 teeth (apical side straight, basal side concave to straight), angle of teeth ca. 45º–80º, teeth
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDEF2D5F9FEB4A3FA" box="[197,311,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
long, midvein flat adaxially, rounded abaxially, tertiary veins reticulate, oblique. Upper cauline leaves undivided, oblong-lanceolate to spathulate and linear in outline, 2–10 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDDFAD5D5FBB9A3A6" box="[973,1082,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
, acute at apex, entire to weakly dentate, 1–2 teeth (apical side straight, basal side straight to concave or flexuous), angle of teeth with reference to the midrib none or 30º–70º, teeth
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDFD2D58DFDDAAC6E" box="[485,601,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2 mm</quantity>
long, midvein impressed to flat adaxially, round-keeled abaxially, tertiary veins close together to reticulate. Peduncle
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9C9C7CDCB4DA69FD64AC4A" box="[643,743,2068,2093]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="4.0">4–24 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous. Capitula globose or ovoid in flower, 1.5–2.2 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDE96D2DDFE88A4DE" box="[161,267,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter in flower, subradiant, solitary, 1.5–2.2 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDD45D2DDFC5FA4DE" box="[882,988,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter in fruit. Involucral bracts in 1–2 series, ovate, 4–5 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDF93D2B9FD86A4BA" box="[420,517,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
, brown and blackish at apex, tomentose hairs up to
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDA6AD2B9FB36A4BA" box="[1117,1205,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, obtuse at apex. Receptacular bracts in six series, rhombic to narrowly ovate to lanceolate and acuminate, 6–10 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDAF5D295FAA3A566" box="[1218,1312,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
, spine
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDB5AD295FF37A542" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, straw-brownish dorsally at base, blackish and abruptly acute or acuminate at apex, pilose or sericeous, ciliate at margins. Calyx cupuliform, 1–1.5 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDC70D34DFD22A52E" box="[583,673,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, dark green, pubescent, with irregular teeth
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDAADD34DFA8DA52E" box="[1178,1294,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
long. Corolla
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDEBFD329FE81A50A" box="[136,258,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
long, yellow, densely covered with appressed hairs outside, stamens slightly longer than corolla, anthers deeply yellow. Involucel 2–2.5 ×
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDFC9D305FDD0A5F6" box="[510,595,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in flower, 4-angled, hairy (hairs up to
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDA36D305FBD4A5F6" box="[1025,1111,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long), 4 long and 4 short teeth at apex; long teeth ca.
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDFB3D3E1FE46A5D2" box="[388,453,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, short teeth ca.
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDC98D3E1FC86A5D2" box="[687,773,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9D9C7DDE8AD3BDFEFDA622" blockId="17.[136,1452,160,1229]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDE8AD3BDFE5AA5BE" bold="true" box="[189,473,448,473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDFC2D3BDFC94A5BE" box="[501,791,448,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDFC2D3BDFC94A5BE" box="[501,791,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cephalaria microcephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is said to be a diploid species with the base chromosome number of 2
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF23D399FEA1A59A" box="[276,290,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">n</emphasis>
= 2
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF65D399FEDDA59A" box="[338,350,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">x</emphasis>
= 36 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B0AFF9D9C7DDF9BD399FD00A59A" author="Verlaque, R." box="[428,643,484,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="33 - 52" refId="ref22032" refString="Verlaque, R. (1980) Etude cytotaxinomique de quelques Dipsacaceae d'Iran. Plant Systematics and Evolution 134: 33 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00985030" type="journal article" year="1980">Verlaque 1980: 46</bibRefCitation>
). It seems that this species is tetraploid because the basic chromosome numbers in
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDF27D075FE13A646" box="[272,400,520,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF27D075FE13A646" box="[272,400,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cephalaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDFF4D075FE4CA646" box="[451,463,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">x</emphasis>
= 5, 7 and 9. Thus, its ploidy level is 2
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDDAFD075FC25A646" box="[920,934,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">n</emphasis>
= 4
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDDE1D075FC61A646" box="[982,994,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">x</emphasis>
= 36, which is already known for other species of the section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9D9C7DDE8AD02DFCB1A77A" blockId="17.[136,1452,160,1229]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDE8AD02DFDBAA60E" bold="true" box="[189,569,592,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B563CA6FF9D9C7DDC6CD02DFA24A60E" box="[603,1447,592,617]" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Chalus &amp; Circhal &amp; Dini" country="Iran" elevation="2000" location="Karaj" municipality="Prov." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alborz">
<collectingCountry id="F329766BFF9D9C7DDC6CD02DFD26A60E" box="[603,677,592,617]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">IRAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5AC81FF9D9C7DDC87D02DFD68A60E" box="[688,747,592,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDCC7D02DFCBDA60E" box="[752,830,592,617]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Alborz</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EE16020FF9D9C7DDD72D02DFC00A60E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA:8EE16020FF9D9C7DDD72D02DFC00A60E" box="[837,899,592,617]" country="Iran" municipality="Prov." name="Karaj" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" stateProvince="Alborz">Karaj</location>
to
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDD9ED02DFC79A60E" box="[937,1018,592,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Chalus</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDA32D02DFBD9A60E" box="[1029,1114,592,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Circhal</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDA51D02DFB3DA60E" box="[1126,1214,592,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="0013D1C8FF9D9C7DDA51D02DFB3DA60E" box="[1126,1214,592,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDAFCD02DFAC9A60E" box="[1227,1354,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDAFCD02DFB7EA60E" box="[1227,1277,592,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Dini</collectorName>
23831
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDB6DD02DFA23A60E" box="[1370,1440,592,617]" country="Taiwan" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B563CA6FF9D9C7DDEBFD009FADEA6D6" collectionCode="BASU, FUMH" collectorName="Chalous &amp; Karaj &amp; Asava &amp; Ranjbar" country="Iran" county="Prov." elevation="2000" location="Zoshk mountain" municipality="Subashi" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hamadan">
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDEBFD009FF67A6EA" box="[136,228,628,653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Chalous</collectorName>
to
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDF3DD009FEC8A6EA" box="[266,331,628,653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Karaj</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDF60D009FE23A6EA" box="[343,416,628,653]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
to
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDFF1D009FD84A6EA" box="[454,519,628,653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Karaj</collectorName>
, tunnel-e
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDC41D009FD3CA6EA" box="[630,703,628,653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Asava</collectorName>
, 2013
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDD3CD009FC36A6EA" box="[779,949,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDD3CD009FCE4A6EA" box="[779,871,628,653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Ranjbar</collectorName>
34726
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDDF2D009FB95A6EA" box="[965,1046,628,653]" country="Iran" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" name="Bu-Ali Sina University" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">BASU</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCounty id="62E04E77FF9D9C7DDA1DD009FBE7A6EA" box="[1066,1124,628,653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Prov.</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDA5BD009FB59A6EA" box="[1132,1242,628,653]" country="Iran" name="Hamadan" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Hamedan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5AC81FF9D9C7DDAD1D009FAC2A6EA" box="[1254,1345,628,653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Subashi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDB79D009FA25A6EA" box="[1358,1446,628,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="0013D1C8FF9D9C7DDB79D009FA25A6EA" box="[1358,1446,628,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDEBFD0E5FEB2A6D6" box="[136,305,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Ranjbar 34287</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDF77D0E5FE12A6D6" box="[320,401,664,689]" country="Iran" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" name="Bu-Ali Sina University" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">BASU</collectionCode>
). Prov.
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDFD3D0E5FD3EA6D6" box="[484,701,664,689]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Razavi" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Khorasan-e Razavi</collectingRegion>
, Mashhad,
<location id="8EE16020FF9D9C7DDD0BD0E5FC75A6D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA:8EE16020FF9D9C7DDD0BD0E5FC75A6D6" box="[828,1014,664,689]" country="Iran" county="Prov." municipality="Subashi" name="Zoshk mountain" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" stateProvince="Hamadan">Zoshk mountain</location>
, 2013
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDA08D0E5FB6CA6D6" box="[1087,1263,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Joharchi 45121</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDACAD0E5FAD7A6D6" box="[1277,1364,664,689]" country="Iran" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" name="Ferdowsi University" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">FUMH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B563CA6FF9D9C7DDB5FD0E5FC81A6B2" collectionCode="FUMH" collectorName="Faghihnia &amp; Zangooei" country="Iran" location="Gharesoo village" municipality="Kalat" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5AC81FF9D9C7DDB5FD0E5FA24A6D6" box="[1384,1447,664,689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Kalat</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE16020FF9D9C7DDEBFD0C1FECAA6B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA:8EE16020FF9D9C7DDEBFD0C1FECAA6B2" box="[136,329,700,725]" country="Iran" municipality="Kalat" name="Gharesoo village" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Gharesoo village</location>
, 1992
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDFA5D0C1FD17A6B2" box="[402,660,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDFA5D0C1FD84A6B2" box="[402,519,700,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Faghihnia</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDC1DD0C1FD17A6B2" box="[554,660,700,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Zangooei</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDC94D0C1FD79A6B2" box="[675,762,700,725]" country="Iran" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" name="Ferdowsi University" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">FUMH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B563CA6FF9D9C7DDD3AD0C1FCA9A77A" collectionCode="FUMH, TARI" collectorName="E Neyshabur &amp; Faghihnia &amp; Zangooei &amp; NW Shirvan &amp; N Karaj &amp; Amin &amp; Bazargan" country="Iran" county="Baghash village" elevation="2000" location="Gholhak village" municipality="Prov." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDD3AD0C1FC1CA6B2" box="[781,927,700,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">E Neyshabur</collectorName>
,
<collectingCounty id="62E04E77FF9D9C7DDD9DD0C1FBDEA6B2" box="[938,1117,700,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Baghash village</collectingCounty>
, 1996
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDA9DD0C1FA2FA6B2" box="[1194,1452,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDA9DD0C1FA9CA6B2" box="[1194,1311,700,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Faghihnia</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDB75D0C1FA2FA6B2" box="[1346,1452,700,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Zangooei</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDEA7D09DFF64A69E" box="[144,231,736,761]" country="Iran" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" name="Ferdowsi University" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">FUMH</collectionCode>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5AC81FF9D9C7DDECDD09DFEB6A69E" box="[250,309,736,761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDF0CD09DFDA0A69E" box="[315,547,736,761]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Khorasan-e Shomali</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDC18D09DFD3DA69E" box="[559,702,736,761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">NW Shirvan</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EE16020FF9D9C7DDCFED09DFC03A69E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA:8EE16020FF9D9C7DDCFED09DFC03A69E" box="[713,896,736,761]" country="Iran" county="Baghash village" municipality="Prov." name="Gholhak village" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Gholhak village</location>
, 2001
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDDFCD09DFBF9A69E" box="[971,1146,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<location id="8EE16020FF9D9C7DDDFCD09DFBADA69E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA:8EE16020FF9D9C7DDDFCD09DFBADA69E" box="[971,1070,736,761]" country="Iran" county="Baghash village" municipality="Prov." name="Joharchi" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Joharchi</location>
33815
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDABED09DFB63A69E" box="[1161,1248,736,761]" country="Iran" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" name="Ferdowsi University" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">FUMH</collectionCode>
).
<location id="8EE16020FF9D9C7DDAC4D09DFAADA69E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787EDFF9C9C7DDEBFD2DDFBFDA0AA:8EE16020FF9D9C7DDAC4D09DFAADA69E" box="[1267,1326,736,761]" country="Iran" county="Baghash village" municipality="Prov." name="Prov." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Prov.</location>
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDB03D09DFA07A69E" box="[1332,1412,736,761]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Tehran</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDBB8D09DFF2FA77A" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
from
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDEC7D179FECFA77A" box="[240,332,772,797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">N Karaj</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDF6FD179FE2CA77A" box="[344,431,772,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="0013D1C8FF9D9C7DDF6FD179FE2CA77A" box="[344,431,772,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF8DD179FD51A77A" box="[442,722,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDF8DD179FE76A77A" box="[442,501,772,797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Amin</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26CB532DFF9D9C7DDC2ED179FD06A77A" box="[537,645,772,797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Bazargan</collectorName>
19423
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE3EFF9D9C7DDCD6D179FCA7A77A" box="[737,804,772,797]" country="Taiwan" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9D9C7DDE8AD155FB3DA7B6" blockId="17.[136,1452,160,1229]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDE8AD155FE17A726" bold="true" box="[189,404,808,833]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Taxonomic notes:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDF87D155FD57A726" box="[432,724,808,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF87D155FD57A726" box="[432,724,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cephalaria microcephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species with no major threats known.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B0AFF9D9C7DDB50D155FF50A702" author="Szabo, Z." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="ref22010" refString="Szabo, Z. (1940) Monographia generis Cephalaria. Kiadja A Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia, Budapest, 352 pp." type="book" year="1940">Szabó (1940)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDF77D131FE79A702" box="[320,506,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF77D131FE79A702" box="[320,506,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">C. microcephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDC30D131FD24A702" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" box="[519,679,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subindivisa">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDC30D131FD99A702" box="[519,538,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDC10D131FD24A702" box="[551,679,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">subindivisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDCEAD131FCE8A702" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Bornmuller" box="[733,875,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublanata">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDCEAD131FCE8A702" box="[733,875,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">C. sublanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDDB9D131FC22A702" box="[910,929,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">C</emphasis>
. ser.
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDDECD131FB00A702" box="[987,1155,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Microcephalae</emphasis>
. These species are slender perennial plants with a slightly branched stem, undivided or lyrate to pinnatipartite leaves (up to 4 segments) and pubescent to tomentose indumentum, but can be distinguished from each other in some characters such as plant height, shape and size of leaves, length of peduncle, involucral and receptacular bracts colour (
<tableCitation id="C6BC0340FF9D9C7DDA6ED1C5FB32A7B6" box="[1113,1201,952,977]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="33.[136,224,334,357]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphological comparison of Cephalaria axillaris, C. golestanica, C. integerrima, C. microcephala, C. subindivisa, C. sublanata and C. torbatejamensis." pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3246570FF9D9C7DDE8AD1A1FBFDA0AA" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8136FBFF9D9C7DDE8AD1A1FBFDA0AA" blockId="17.[136,1452,160,1229]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDE8AD1A1FE6DA792" bold="true" box="[189,494,988,1013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDC26D1A1FCB4A792" box="[529,823,988,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDC26D1A1FCB4A792" box="[529,823,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cephalaria microcephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed in
<collectingCountry id="F329766BFF9D9C7DDA3AD1A1FBBEA792" box="[1037,1085,988,1013]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F329766BFF9D9C7DDA79D1A1FBF8A792" box="[1102,1147,988,1013]" name="Iraq" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Iraq</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F329766BFF9D9C7DDA89D1A1FA93A792" box="[1214,1296,988,1013]" name="Turkey" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Turkey</collectingCountry>
. It is widely distributed in
<collectingCountry id="F329766BFF9D9C7DDF1CD67DFED8A07E" box="[299,347,1024,1049]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Iran</collectingCountry>
, especially from the west to the east and central parts of the country in
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDA9AD67DFAA8A07E" box="[1197,1323,1024,1049]" country="Iran" name="Azarbayjan-e Sharqi" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Azerbaijan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDB0ED67DFA24A07E" box="[1337,1447,1024,1049]" country="Iran" name="Hamadan" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Hamedan</collectingRegion>
, Kurdestan,
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDF3DD659FED8A05A" box="[266,347,1060,1085]" country="Iran" name="Zanjan" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Zanjan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDF50D659FE47A05A" box="[359,452,1060,1085]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad,
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDD0DD659FC09A05A" box="[826,906,1060,1085]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Tehran</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDDA0D659FC78A05A" box="[919,1019,1060,1085]" country="Iran" name="Golestan" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Golestan</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDA04D659FB1DA05A" box="[1075,1182,1060,1085]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
provinces. Within
<collectingCountry id="F329766BFF9D9C7DDB40D659FA24A05A" box="[1399,1447,1060,1085]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDEBFD635FEC7A006" box="[136,324,1096,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDEBFD635FEC7A006" box="[136,324,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">C. microcephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected from elevations of
<quantity id="4CC69B1EFF9D9C7DDD34D635FC23A006" box="[771,928,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2800 m</quantity>
. It grows in steppe areas, calcic rocky slopes and meadows.
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDF18D611FDCDA0E2" box="[303,590,1132,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF18D611FDCDA0E2" box="[303,590,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cephalaria microcephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDC6BD611FCCDA0E2" box="[604,846,1132,1157]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanostachya">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDC6BD611FCCDA0E2" box="[604,846,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Carex melanostachya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDDB3D611FB02A0E2" box="[900,1153,1132,1157]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatiformis">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDDB3D611FB02A0E2" box="[900,1153,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Elymus elongatiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the most dominant cooccuring species in alpine and subalpine meadows in steppe zones of the
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDD8FD6EDFB9FA0CE" box="[952,1052,1168,1193]" country="Iran" name="Golestan" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Golestan</collectingRegion>
National Park in
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDAE8D6EDFA2FA0CE" box="[1247,1452,1168,1193]" country="Iran" name="Golestan" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Golestan province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B0AFF9D9C7DDEA7D6C9FEA4A0AA" author="Akhani, H." box="[144,295,1204,1229]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 412" refId="ref21041" refString="Akhani, H. (1998) Plant biodiversity of Golestan National Park, Iran. Stapfia 53: 1 - 412." type="journal article" year="1998">Akhani 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDF0DD6C9FDD9A0AA" box="[314,602,1204,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephala">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDF0DD6C9FDD9A0AA" box="[314,602,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cephalaria microcephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D78FF9D9C7DDCA7D6C9FC8EA0AA" box="[656,781,1204,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyi">
<emphasis id="B94AEAE9FF9D9C7DDCA7D6C9FC8EA0AA" box="[656,781,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">C. kotschyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sympatric in the
<collectingRegion id="49FAF819FF9D9C7DDDC0D6C9FBC6A0AA" box="[1015,1093,1204,1229]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Alborz</collectingRegion>
Mts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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