183 lines
26 KiB
XML
183 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="B7B620F2E787D955E3941F5763924B66" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13620702" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620702" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1723143726709" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Geraads, Denis, Kaya, Tanju & Mayda, Serdar" docDate="2005" docId="039787DCFFEA9816BB5512A227F2FEF2" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.50.3.523-544.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Deinotherium giganteum Kaup 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="526" masterDocId="FFAEFFA4FFE99813BB33172D2535FF93" masterDocTitle="Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="544" masterPageNumber="523" pageNumber="526" updateTime="1725043087151" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D04F8F9CAAE106ED597DCCF37D41AE37">Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6FA0FBE035EBEFE5C0BEA0B01151AF91">Geraads, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B8CD7D2A2A225FFA3C7D340531826C2">Kaya, Tanju</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48829A9EAC1DC021CB7BD0E96132A1E4">Mayda, Serdar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="077611B2DF30542DC8E588EE732ED75D">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D114194E4F272BD7A7F6477D11B5EAB0">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA55A14B1129D39F3ECAECBBBA71721A">50</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="FF451E361DC2FAB921F137DE81111F70" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13620702</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1A0DEB3738FF233408170E2203DF1604" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039787DCFFEA9816BB5512A227F2FEF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620745" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787DCFFEA9816BB5512A227F2FEF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787DCFFEA9816BB5512A227F2FEF2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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<subSubSection id="C3246541FFEA9810BB5512A22771FA38" box="[102,580,1423,1451]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEA9810BB5512A22771FA38" blockId="3.[102,775,1423,1851]" box="[102,580,1423,1451]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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<heading id="D0C981A6FFEA9810BB5512A22771FA38" box="[102,580,1423,1451]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" reason="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BB5512A22771FA38" authority="Kaup, 1829" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[102,580,1423,1451]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BB5512A22493FA38" box="[102,422,1423,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Deinotherium giganteum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BA9C12A22771FA38" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[431,580,1423,1451]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="401 - 404" refId="ref17879" refString="Kaup, J. J. 1829. Neues Saugthier, Deinotherium: Deinotherium giganteum. Isis 22 (4): 401 - 404." type="journal article" year="1829">Kaup, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3246541FFEA9816BB55129727F2FEF2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEA9810BB5512972419F980" blockId="3.[102,775,1423,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BB5512972466FA41" box="[102,339,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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Material from Yulafl
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BA7812972466FA41" bold="true" box="[331,339,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">I</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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.—TTMEU−CY−30, right P4 (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4FFFEA9810B993129727CCFA40" box="[672,761,1466,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1896,1916]" captionText="Fig. 4. A, B. Tetralophodon longirostris. A. TTMEU−CY−202a; A, right mandibular corpus with m2 and alveoli of m1, labial view; A, same specimen, + 1 2 right m2. B. TTMEU−CY−202b; right m3. C, D. Choerolophodon anatolicus. C. TTMEU−CY−22; C1, right mandibular corpus with m3 and alveolus of m2, labial view; C2, same specimen, right m3. D. TTMEU−CY−32, isolated right m3. E, F. Amebelodon grandincisivus. E. TTMEU−CY−203, left M2. F. TTMEU−CY−143; F1, left i2, cross section in distal view; F2, same specimen, dorsal view. G. Deinotherium giganteum, TTMEU−CY−30, right P4. All from Yulafli, Turkey, Vallesian, late Miocene." pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
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); TTMEU−CY−31, left M3; TTMEU−CY−109, incomplete toothless dentary.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEA9810BB55110E26FEFED1" blockId="3.[102,775,1423,1851]" lastBlockId="3.[812,1485,232,903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BB55110E25DFF9A9" box="[102,234,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Description</emphasis>
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.—Both teeth are large (P4: 71 × 90; M3: 94 × w1 =105 × w2 = 91). The P4 is rectangular in outline, being wider than long (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4FFFEA9810BA1C114F24B8F9E8" box="[303,397,1634,1659]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1896,1916]" captionText="Fig. 4. A, B. Tetralophodon longirostris. A. TTMEU−CY−202a; A, right mandibular corpus with m2 and alveoli of m1, labial view; A, same specimen, + 1 2 right m2. B. TTMEU−CY−202b; right m3. C, D. Choerolophodon anatolicus. C. TTMEU−CY−22; C1, right mandibular corpus with m3 and alveolus of m2, labial view; C2, same specimen, right m3. D. TTMEU−CY−32, isolated right m3. E, F. Amebelodon grandincisivus. E. TTMEU−CY−203, left M2. F. TTMEU−CY−143; F1, left i2, cross section in distal view; F2, same specimen, dorsal view. G. Deinotherium giganteum, TTMEU−CY−30, right P4. All from Yulafli, Turkey, Vallesian, late Miocene." pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
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). The protoloph is complete and united with the paracone, but the metaloph is only a half−loph. The ectoloph is well developed, with a labial ectoflexus. The mesostyle (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BA5611EF24DBF948" author="Harris, J. M." box="[357,494,1730,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="285 - 350" refId="ref17490" refString="Harris, J. M. 1973. Prodeinotherium from Gebel Zelten, Libya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 23: 285 - 350." type="journal article" year="1973">Harris 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 7) is low and located on the mesio−lingual surface of the hypocone. The median valley is wide and opens lingually only. The anterior cingulum forms a ridge along the mesial side, but the distal cingulum is weaker, and there is no labial cingulum. There are three roots; two of them are located under the lophs, the third one is lingual.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEA9810B861166621C0FD77" blockId="3.[812,1485,232,903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">The M3 is rectangular in outline, with the protoloph wider than the metaloph. The median valley opens lingually and labially. The anterior cingulum forms a ridge along the anterior side, but the posterior cingulum is weak. There are no lingual or labial cingula, except a small labial cingulum at the opening of the median valley. There are three roots. The anterior root corresponds to the mesio−lingual part of the protoloph, the second root is along the metaloph, and the third root extends along the labial side. The lingual ornamentation of the protoloph is stronger than the labial one. The postmetaloph ornamentation is weak, and forms a small tubercle. The enamel of the tooth is finely wrinkled along the lophs and the lingual and labial surfaces.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEA9810B86115C321F5FC15" blockId="3.[812,1485,232,903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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The dentary TTMEU−CY−109 has lost its teeth, and the rostral part of the tusk sheaths is also broken away, revealing two parallel alveoli, only slightly decreasing in diameter ventrally, and separated by a narrow septum. The maximum width across the sheaths is
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<quantity id="4CC69B2FFFEA9810BF6F14432189FC15" box="[1116,1212,878,903]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="240.0">240 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEA9810B81F14B020B4FB6B" blockId="3.[812,1485,925,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810B81F14B026F4FC26" box="[812,961,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Comparisons</emphasis>
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.—In Eurasia, deinotheres are known in early Miocene to middle Pliocene localities (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BE31149026F2FC65" author="Bergounioux, F. M. & Crouzel, F." pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="11 - 56" refId="ref15691" refString="Bergounioux, F. M., and Crouzel, F. 1962. Les Deinotherides d'Europe. Annales de Paleontologie 48: 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="1962">Bergounioux and Crouzel 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810B8E014F02150FC65" author="Tobien, H." box="[979,1125,989,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="135 - 175" refId="ref20345" refString="Tobien, H. 1988. Contribution a l'etude du gisement Miocene superieur de Montredon (Herault). Les grands mammiferes. 7. Les proboscidiens Deinotheriidae. Palaeovertebrata, Memoire Extraordinaire 135 - 175." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tobien 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BF4214F3201DFC65" author="Huttunen, K." box="[1137,1320,989,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref17549" refString="Huttunen, K. 2002 a. Systematics and Taxonomy of the European Deinotheriidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia). Annalen der Naturhistorisch Museum Wien 103 A: 237 - 250." type="journal article" year="2002">Huttunen 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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), but their taxonomy has long been debated. In this study, following
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BEB414D0264CFBA4" author="Harris, J. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="285 - 350" refId="ref17490" refString="Harris, J. M. 1973. Prodeinotherium from Gebel Zelten, Libya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 23: 285 - 350." type="journal article" year="1973">Harris (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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, the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BF30133321ABFBA5" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1027,1182,1054,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BF30133321ABFBA5" box="[1027,1182,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Deinotherium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is used for a large−sized deinotheres, which have been recorded from many localities in Europe (review in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BF20137221FFFBE4" author="Huttunen, K." box="[1043,1226,1118,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref17549" refString="Huttunen, K. 2002 a. Systematics and Taxonomy of the European Deinotheriidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia). Annalen der Naturhistorisch Museum Wien 103 A: 237 - 250." type="journal article" year="2002">Huttunen 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="F329765AFFEA9810BFC41373207EFBE4" box="[1271,1355,1118,1143]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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, it is known from Tire (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810B89513532179FB04" author="Ozansoy, F." box="[934,1100,1150,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="85 - 93" refId="ref18703" refString="Ozansoy, F. 1961. Sur quelques Mammiferes fossiles (Deinotherium, Serridentinus, Dipoides) du Tertiaire d'Anatolie Occidentale-Turquie. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute 56: 85 - 93." type="journal article" year="1961">Ozansoy 1961</bibRefCitation>
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), Paşalar (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BF8C13532066FB04" author="Tobien, H." box="[1215,1363,1150,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="465 - 469" refId="ref20382" refString="Tobien, H. 1990. Proboscidea: a preliminary note. Journal of Human Evolution 19: 465 - 469." type="journal article" year="1990">Tobien 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), Kayadibi (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810B80713B226FEFB2B" author="Gaziry, A. W." box="[820,971,1183,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref17001" refString="Gaziry, A. W. 1976. Jungtertiare Mastodonte aus Anatolien (Turkei). Geologisches Jahrbuch B 22: 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1976">Gaziry 1976</bibRefCitation>
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), Çandir (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BF7713B221EFFB2B" author="Gaziry, A. W." box="[1092,1242,1183,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref17001" refString="Gaziry, A. W. 1976. Jungtertiare Mastodonte aus Anatolien (Turkei). Geologisches Jahrbuch B 22: 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1976">Gaziry 1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BFDF13B2265DFB4B" author="Geraads, D. & Gulec, E." pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="235 - 241" refId="ref17257" refString="Geraads, D., and Gulec, E. 2003. Proboscidea from the middle Miocene hominid site of Candir (Turkey). Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 240: 235 - 241." type="journal article" year="2003">Geraads and Güleç 2003</bibRefCitation>
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), Sinap (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810B8E61392214CFB4B" author="Sanders, W. J." box="[981,1145,1215,1240]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="202 - 220" refId="ref19208" refString="Sanders, W. J. 2003. Proboscidea. In: M. Fortelius, J. Kappelman, S. Sen, and R. L. Bernor (eds.), Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey, 202 - 220. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book chapter" year="2003">Sanders 2003</bibRefCitation>
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), Küçükçekmece (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BE6013922699FB6B" author="Malik, A. & Nafiz, H." pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref18350" refString="Malik, A., and Nafiz, H. 1933. Vertebres fossiles de Kucukcekmece. Publications de l'Institut de Geologie de l'Universite d'Istanbul 8: 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1933">Malik and Nafiz 1933</bibRefCitation>
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), and Düzyayla (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BF5913F22041FB6B" author="Kaya, T. & Forsten, A." box="[1130,1396,1247,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="743 - 748" refId="ref17966" refString="Kaya, T., and Forsten, A. 1999. Late Miocene Ceratotherium and Hipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Duzyayla (Hafik, Sivas), Turkey. Geobios 32: 743 - 748." type="journal article" year="1999">Kaya and Forstén 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEA9816B861122F27F2FEF2" blockId="3.[812,1485,925,1851]" lastBlockId="5.[102,775,232,353]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">
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The large−size, the presence of the mesostyle, and the reduced postmetaloph ornamentation are diagnostic characters for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810B864126F26C7FAC9" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[855,1010,1346,1370]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810B864126F26C7FAC9" box="[855,1010,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Deinotherium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that distinguish it from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BE3E126F26F0FAE8" authority="(Harris 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Prodeinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BE3E126F20F9FAC9" box="[1293,1484,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Prodeinotherium</emphasis>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810B807124F2688FAE8" author="Harris, J. M." box="[820,957,1378,1403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="285 - 350" refId="ref17490" refString="Harris, J. M. 1973. Prodeinotherium from Gebel Zelten, Libya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 23: 285 - 350." type="journal article" year="1973">Harris 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. By the presence of a strong anterior cingulum, of a mesostyle, and of incomplete lophs, the P4 from Yulafli resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BF39128E2190FA29" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1034,1189,1443,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BF39128E2190FA29" box="[1034,1189,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">D. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from various localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329765AFFEA9810B81F12EF264BFA48" box="[812,894,1474,1499]" name="Austria" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BF2B12EE21D6FA48" author="Huttunen, K." box="[1048,1251,1474,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="251 - 285" refId="ref17581" refString="Huttunen, K. 2002 b. Deinotheriidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) dental remains from the Miocene of Lower Austria and Burgenland. Annalen der Naturhistorisch Museum Wien 103 A: 251 - 285." type="journal article" year="2002">Huttunen (2002b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. There is a clear general trend for size increase in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BF4A12CF2021FA69" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1145,1300,1506,1530]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BF4A12CF2021FA69" box="[1145,1300,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Deinotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Miocene; e.g., the teeth from Yulafli are much larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810B81F110F26DEF9A9" baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[812,1003,1570,1594]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Prodeinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810B81F110F26DEF9A9" box="[812,1003,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Prodeinotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BFCF110E20BBF9A9" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1868" box="[1276,1422,1570,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BFCF110E2022F9A9" box="[1276,1303,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">D.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BE7E110F20BBF9A9" box="[1357,1422,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">levius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the middle Miocene of Paşalar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEA9810BFA8116F201BF9C8" author="Tobien, H." box="[1179,1326,1602,1627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" pagination="465 - 469" refId="ref20382" refString="Tobien, H. 1990. Proboscidea: a preliminary note. Journal of Human Evolution 19: 465 - 469." type="journal article" year="1990">Tobien 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and than the unpublished teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BF25114E2199F9E9" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1046,1196,1634,1658]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Prodeinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BF25114E2199F9E9" box="[1046,1196,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">P. bavaricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the middle Miocene of Tire (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A4FFFEA9810B8B811AF26EEF908" box="[907,987,1666,1691]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[812,845,646,666]" captionTargetBox="[813,1484,226,619]" captionTargetId="graphics-701@5.[863,1484,226,564]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Length versus width plot of Deinotherium P4s." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A4FFFEA9810B8DA11AF26CCF908" box="[1001,1017,1666,1691]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[812,845,1146,1166]" captionTargetBox="[819,1479,722,1119]" captionTargetId="graphics-807@5.[873,1469,722,1064]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Length versus width plot of Deinotherium M3s." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620712/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, late Miocene forms exhibit a great size−range not obviously linked with age or geography. The teeth from Yulafli are larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEA9810BE0611EE20F9F949" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1333,1484,1731,1754]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEA9810BE0611EE20F9F949" box="[1333,1484,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="526">D. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from many European sites, and close to the maximum recorded size for specimens from Vallesian sites such as Montredon, Mannersdorf, Kohfidisch, Eppelsheim or from some Hungarian finds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEC9816BA1A17C52495FE92" author="Graf, I." box="[297,416,232,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" pagination="131 - 185" refId="ref17415" refString="Graf, I. 1957. Die Prinzipien der Artbestimmung bei Dinotherium. Palaeontographica 108 A: 131 - 185." type="journal article" year="1957">Gräf 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEC9816BA9F17C52708FE92" author="Tobien, H." box="[428,573,232,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" pagination="135 - 175" refId="ref20345" refString="Tobien, H. 1988. Contribution a l'etude du gisement Miocene superieur de Montredon (Herault). Les grands mammiferes. 7. Les proboscidiens Deinotheriidae. Palaeovertebrata, Memoire Extraordinaire 135 - 175." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tobien 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEC9816B97A17C42637FE92" author="Huttunen, K." box="[585,770,232,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" pagination="251 - 285" refId="ref17581" refString="Huttunen, K. 2002 b. Deinotheriidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) dental remains from the Miocene of Lower Austria and Burgenland. Annalen der Naturhistorisch Museum Wien 103 A: 251 - 285." type="journal article" year="2002">Huttunen 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEC9816BB55162424B1FEB2" author="Mazo, A. V. & Montoya, P." box="[102,388,264,289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" pagination="79 - 109" refId="ref18381" refString="Mazo, A. V., and Montoya, P. 2003. Proboscidea from the Upper Miocene of Crevillente. Scripta Geologica 126: 79 - 109." type="journal article" year="2003">Mazo and Montoya 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but they are only slightly smaller than specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEC9816BA961604275BFED3" authorityName="Stefanescu" authorityYear="1892" box="[421,622,297,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantissimum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEC9816BA961604275BFED3" box="[421,622,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">D. gigantissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so that it is hard to draw biochronological conclusions from them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |