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<document id="0FDE39AE0EA2A8E2A3418239E45BC765" ID-CLB-Dataset="39056" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="662f3029-c9b0-4de7-9567-c5ac57252f14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265897" ID-ZooBank="89E9A206-8D5B-45D9-ABD9-4EC317610A23" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1463468380427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Williams, Jeffrey T. &amp; Viviani, Jeremie" docDate="2016" docId="03EC87A4FFA1FFBB64B982A8303976AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4111.3.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4111 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudogramma paucilepis Williams &amp; Viviani, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="0A05EBD3-41AD-4175-B228-81DBE3FD7253" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="FFD5FFDCFFA9FFB1642E8420345B750D" masterDocTitle="Pseudogramma polyacantha complex (Serranidae, tribe Grammistini): DNA barcoding results lead to the discovery of three cryptic species, including two new species from French Polynesia" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="246" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1698662527784" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="4EA6A5E8BD472EEB2B6EBDF49A94BF97" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4221C139E98DF71102063BEF14B753F4">
<mods:title id="61A8518A92BAD9F1C25DFF94AE5D04AF">Pseudogramma polyacantha complex (Serranidae, tribe Grammistini): DNA barcoding results lead to the discovery of three cryptic species, including two new species from French Polynesia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2D9D173F919C7B4A2ADC7F8009C32A85" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A0A9DF6A49A4713CA0B780C09A5564E7">
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<mods:namePart id="E0702FD1A982DCFB1D1A8C4457A66462">Williams, Jeffrey T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7AE8F9047112A88BCA148BAC8AC0F80C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F6C3E23DD0841AA4027FA2489E717436">
<mods:roleTerm id="D84322AE5E63C51A80F1618EAF78320B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F22C8F820F5FD10829668B3D75227A6F">Viviani, Jeremie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DF2BDEAFEA2926972BB1F5EE78352389">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="644E9F97A574B64327ABBDE873ADB992" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8EE7B166AB4306DB03B3600DA19C9DE3">
<mods:title id="55AB9F1D163B7E651508EF865179ECAC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="19EE71C2FEB2279874D5CAF31FB06724">
<mods:date id="F9C50F3EFDD66E2713A3A271FF1294AD">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A016C2D6C907E2F9E87669A1C0BB4457" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9A32039588BF6015575E56B15E35FDB1">4111</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="218401343C20F3EDFC7108CF2CE978D7" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E8774179B15277CAE1DA1F663B761999">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EDB9494EDF8BA7ABFA37ACBDD2A8DEEE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FD192BE87409B774374F265B87B51502" type="CLB-Dataset">39056</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8A99B5F32D8551D51ECAFEB439A79F2C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5AD1C6EE3F50F46C0B1924CB9BA7D819" type="GBIF-Dataset">662f3029-c9b0-4de7-9567-c5ac57252f14</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="44B9276EEFCEF06BDED833807BB2D3C0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="922E36980FAF8218CE06798F8C81E4BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">265897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F2FA13B72C6F0C934EEAE3EFE14E651E" type="ZooBank">89E9A206-8D5B-45D9-ABD9-4EC317610A23</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03EC87A4FFA1FFBB64B982A8303976AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691740" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120678426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691740" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A05EBD3-41AD-4175-B228-81DBE3FD7253" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87A4FFA1FFBB64B982A8303976AA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA1FFB964B982A8350673EA" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964B982A8363773AF" blockId="8.[151,620,1672,1768]" box="[151,620,1672,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
<heading id="D0B281DEFFA1FFB964B982A8363773AF" bold="true" box="[151,620,1672,1698]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964B982A8363773AF" bold="true" box="[151,620,1672,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA1FFB964B982A8358E73AF" ID-CoL="4NXMK" box="[151,469,1672,1698]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucilepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964B982A8358E73AF" bold="true" box="[151,469,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Pseudogramma paucilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257DBFFA1FFB965F282A8363773AF" box="[476,620,1672,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964B9828B353273C9" blockId="8.[151,620,1672,1768]" box="[151,361,1707,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Weakscaled Podge</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964B982EF350673EA" blockId="8.[151,620,1672,1768]" box="[151,349,1743,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA1FFB964B982EF34AC73EA" box="[151,247,1743,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,980,1002]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,531,948]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[155,1431,517,959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pseudogramma paucilepis new species, holotype, USNM 423375, 45.7 mm SL, female, Austral Islands. Photo: J. T. Williams." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Figure 7</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6C70309FFA1FFB9652D82EF350C73EA" box="[259,343,1743,1768]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,257,280]" captionTargetBox="[159,1335,339,2023]" captionText="TABLE 1. Frequency distribution of dorsal and anal rays for the four species in the Pseudogramma polyacantha species complex." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3A663AFFAFFFB764B9852134A17435" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" tableUuid="DF3A663AFFAFFFB764B9852134A17435">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA1FFB864B98337355A7469" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964B983373595727A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1815,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFA1FFB964B98337355F723D" box="[151,260,1815,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB96520833735047222" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[270,351,1815,1839]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
423375,
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB965E78337366B7222" box="[457,560,1815,1840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="45.7">45.7 mm</quantity>
, female, tissue number: AUST-245 (GenBank-KU905724; genseq-1), Austral Islands, Tubuai south end, outer reef slope with dense coral,
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB96767831B37F4725E" box="[841,943,1851,1875]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 m</quantity>
, rotenone, J.T. Williams, E. Delrieu-Trottin and P. Sasal,
<date id="FFFB1072FFA1FFB96504837F3590727A" box="[298,459,1887,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" value="2013-04-14">14 April 2013</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB864E983A4355A7469" blockId="8.[151,1436,1815,2020]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFA1FFB964E983A435627291" box="[199,313,1924,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9656983A335C37296" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[327,408,1923,1947]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
422972, tissue number: AUST-499 (GenBank-KU905727; genseq-2),
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB960E183A331617296" box="[1231,1338,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.29" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="42.9">42.9 mm</quantity>
, Austral Islands, Rimatara, outer reef slope channel to drop off with dead coral structure but little live coral,
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB96100838731C372B2" box="[1326,1432,1959,1983]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="21.0">21–29 m</quantity>
;
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB964B983EB34B372EE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1995,2019]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
422983, tissue number AUST-500 (GenBank-KU905726; genseq-2),
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB9602F83EB303372EE" box="[1025,1128,1995,2020]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.029999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="60.3">60.3 mm</quantity>
, Austral Islands, Rimatara, outer reef slope channel to drop off with dead coral structure but little live coral,
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB8600084B830CF75A2" box="[1070,1172,152,176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="21.0">21–29 m</quantity>
;
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA0FFB8608F84B830A975BD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1185,1266,152,176]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">USNM</collectionCode>
422917, tissue number AUST-247 (GenBank-KU905725; genseq-2),
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB866D3849C373F75D9" box="[765,868,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 mm</quantity>
, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFA0FFB86000849C30C875D8" box="[1070,1171,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA0FFB8608E849C30AA75D9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1184,1265,188,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">USNM</collectionCode>
422942, tissue number AUST-497 (GenBank-KU905723; genseq-2),
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB866D984C0370775FA" box="[759,860,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="24.3">24.3 mm</quantity>
, Austral Islands, Rimatara, outer reef slope channel to drop off with dead coral structure but little live coral,
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB86710852437F37411" box="[830,936,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="21.0">21–29 m</quantity>
;
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA0FFB86796852430527411" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[952,1033,260,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">USNM</collectionCode>
400657, tissue number
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA0FFB86109852431337411" box="[1319,1384,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qktw-pz32" name="Grupo Actinomicetales Merida Facultad de Medicina" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA0FFB86109852431337411" box="[1319,1384,260,284]" name="Guam" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">GAM</collectingCountry>
</collectionCode>
0 11 (GenBank-KU905722; genseq-2),
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB8660E850736D27432" box="[544,649,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="26.5">26.5 mm</quantity>
, Gambier Islands, Kouaku Island, small surge channel in outer reef,
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB864B9856C34A67469" box="[151,253,332,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
15–
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA0FFB864EE856C34A67469" box="[192,253,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA0FFB864E9854F37C974C2" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA0FFB864E9854F37C974C2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA0FFB864E9854F351A7485" bold="true" box="[199,321,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA0FFB865CB855036CE7485" box="[485,661,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA0FFB865CB855036CE7485" box="[485,661,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Pseudogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 20 segmented dorsal-fin rays, modally 16 segmented anal-fin rays, LL relatively long 1.8–2.3 (mean= 2.0) in SL, relatively reduced scalation on interorbital, suborbital and dentary (
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA0FFB864D48597356674DD" box="[250,317,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1013,1035]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,219,952]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,209,974]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scalation patterns on the head of members of the Pseudogramma polyacantha complex showing changes with increasing specimen length. A) Reduced scalation— P. paucilepis n. sp. B) Scalation extending slightly farther anteriorly— P. galzini n. sp. C) Moderately developed scalation— P. brederi. D) Well-developed scalation— P. polyacantha. Colors represent the following: purple: variable scale development at all sizes; grey: specimens shorter than 40 mm SL; blue: specimens longer than 40 mm SL; green: specimens longer than 45 mm SL; orange: specimens longer than 50 mm SL; red: specimens longer than 55 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265899/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A); HL
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB865BB8598365D74DD" box="[405,518,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.968999999999999" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="in" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.4 in</quantity>
SL, peduncle depth 4.2–5.0 in HL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3A663AFFA0FFB864B987F4357E7104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" targetBox="[165,1419,531,948]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA0FFB864B987F4357E7104" blockId="9.[151,1437,980,1033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA0FFB864B987F4354F76E4" bold="true" box="[151,276,980,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA0FFB8653287F4367076E7" box="[284,555,980,1002]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucilepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA0FFB8653287F4367076E7" box="[284,555,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Pseudogramma paucilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257DBFFA0FFB8661D87F536EA76E7" box="[563,689,980,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, USNM 423375, 45.7 mm SL, female, Austral Islands. Photo: J.T. Williams.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA0FFBB64E98010378D74FA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA0FFB864E9801035ED71B8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1072,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA0FFB864E9801035027144" bold="true" box="[199,345,1072,1097]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Description.</emphasis>
Dorsal rays VII, 20; anal rays III, 16–17 one specimen with 17); pectoral rays 15–16 (mean=15.33); LL scales 24–38 for specimens ranging from
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB8676D807437887161" box="[835,979,1108,1133]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="25.0">25 to 60 mm</quantity>
, count increases with increasing size, LL length 1.8–2.3 (mean= 2.0) in SL; no fully developed second LL; longitudinal scale series 52–54; gill rakers 5–6 + 11–12; vertebrae 10 + 16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA0FFB864E980E035AD70BD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1072,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
Body depth
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB8657F80E0359871D4" box="[337,451,1216,1241]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.763" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="8.128" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="in" value="3.45" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.7 in</quantity>
SL (mean=3.5); HL 2.3–2.4 (mean=2.3) in SL; snout 5.0–
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB8607780E030C271D4" box="[1113,1177,1216,1241]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4986" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="in" value="5.9">5.9 in</quantity>
head; caudal-peduncle length 4.0–
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB8653980C4350D71F0" box="[279,342,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7018" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="in" value="6.7">6.7 in</quantity>
head; peduncle depth 4.2–5.0 in HL. Fifth or sixth dorsal spines longest, 3.6–4.4 (mean= 3.9) in head; longest dorsal soft ray 3.3–5.0 (mean=4.0) in head; posterior dorsal and anal rays nearly reaching, just reaching, or extending slightly posterior to a vertical at caudal-fin base, second anal spine 3.7–5.6 (mean= 4.6) in head; longest anal soft ray 3.5–4.6 (mean= 3.9) in head; caudal fin short and rounded, 2.3–3.2 (mean= 2.7); pectoral fins barely reaching origin or to anal spines (but not to segmented rays),
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head. Interorbital width 16.7–20.0 (mean= 17.2) in HL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA0FFB864E9819C351E734D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1072,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Mouth large, the maxilla extending posterior to vertical at rear edge of orbit; upper-jaw length 2.1–2.3 (mean= 2.2) in head; a band of villiform teeth in jaws; upper jaw with a small canine tooth in outer row on each side at front of jaw; villiform teeth on palatines in 3–5 rows in adults, the band distinctly longer than side of V-shaped patch of teeth on vomer.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA0FFB864E9826D314E7230" blockId="9.[151,1437,1072,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
No dermal flap or small tentacle dorsally on eye. Cephalic sensory pores as shown in
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA0FFB860BB826C308C7368" box="[1173,1239,1612,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[193,1384,222,1167]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1392,211,1176]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cephalic sensory pores of Pseudogramma. Pore symbols: nasal pores (N); interorbital pores (InO), supraorbital pores (SO); infraorbital pores (IO); and dentary pores (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265898/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, supraorbital and some infraorbital pores variably present on head and may be absent or covered by scales when present. Tubular anterior nostril near edge of snout at base of upper lip, the tube not long, reaching one-third the distance to and almost to posterior nostril when depressed onto snout. A sharp spine projecting downward (45–60° to horizontal axis of body, mean= 56°) on posterior edge of preopercle at level of upper base of pectoral fin; upper surface of preopercular spine V-shaped with a central furrow. Three flat spines on opercle nearly in vertical alignment, middle spine closer to lower than upper spine (preopercular and opercular spines usually covered with scales).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA0FFBB64E98368305975DA" blockId="9.[151,1437,1072,2004]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,935]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
Scalation on the head poorly developed (
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA0FFB8669C836836A0726D" box="[690,763,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1013,1035]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,219,952]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,209,974]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scalation patterns on the head of members of the Pseudogramma polyacantha complex showing changes with increasing specimen length. A) Reduced scalation— P. paucilepis n. sp. B) Scalation extending slightly farther anteriorly— P. galzini n. sp. C) Moderately developed scalation— P. brederi. D) Well-developed scalation— P. polyacantha. Colors represent the following: purple: variable scale development at all sizes; grey: specimens shorter than 40 mm SL; blue: specimens longer than 40 mm SL; green: specimens longer than 45 mm SL; orange: specimens longer than 50 mm SL; red: specimens longer than 55 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265899/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Interorbital scalation not extending anteriorly beyond middle of eye, with smallest specimens (below
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA0FFB866CA834D37757288" box="[740,814,1901,1925]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="40.0">40mm</quantity>
) having scales reaching only supraorbital and first interorbital pores (SO and InO1), longest specimens with scales reaching second interorbital pores (InO2). Cheek scalation not extending anteriorly beyond mid-orbit with smallest specimens having scalation reaching only IO F infraorbital pore, with largest specimens having scalation reaching IO E infraorbital pore. Dentary naked in small specimens, large specimens with scales reaching posterior edge of premaxilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA3FFBB64E984C3378D74FA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB64E984C3353775F7" box="[199,364,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">Color pattern.</emphasis>
Based on photos of freshly dead specimens from Gambier and the Australs (
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA3FFBB60D184C2311C75F6" box="[1279,1351,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,980,1002]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,531,948]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[155,1431,517,959]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pseudogramma paucilepis new species, holotype, USNM 423375, 45.7 mm SL, female, Austral Islands. Photo: J. T. Williams." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Head brown, with pale streak extending ventroposteriorly from ventral border of orbit, across preopercle toward upper end of pectoral-fin base; large black spot on opercle sometimes bordered by pale ring; anterior nostril short brown tube with pale stripe laterally; cheek and branchiostegal membranes sometimes with faint pinkish cast; iris of eye brown with narrow irregular ring of yellow or orange bordering pupil; ventral border of orbit black. Body with mottled checkerboard pattern of alternating dark brown and tan spots. Fins dusky brown or yellowish brown, caudal fin with narrow pale bar on base bordered posteriorly by half-moon shaped yellowish brown crescent. Color in alcohol essentially the same as fresh color, but without yellowish tones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA3FFBB64E986223765776E" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA3FFBB64E986223765776E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB64E9862235157716" bold="true" box="[199,334,514,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet is a combination of the Latin
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB67A0862337867717" box="[910,989,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">paucus</emphasis>
, meaning few, and the feminine Greek noun
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB64F9860735577732" box="[215,268,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">lepis</emphasis>
, meaning scale. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB666B860736E37732" box="[581,696,551,575]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucilepis">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB666B860736E37732" box="[581,696,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">paucilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is treated as a noun in apposition. We name this the Weakscaled Podge in reference to its weakly scaled snout and suborbital.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA3FFBB64E9864E303976AA" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA3FFBB64E9864E303976AA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB64E9864E3560778A" bold="true" box="[199,315,622,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">Remarks.</emphasis>
We have examined specimens and obtained genetic sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB6007864F310F778A" box="[1065,1364,623,647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucilepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB6007864F310F778A" box="[1065,1364,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">Pseudogramma paucilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257DBFFA3FFBB6172864E31C7778A" box="[1372,1436,622,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB6172864E31C7778A" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,622,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Gambier Archipelago and Austral Islands. Our genetic analysis places
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB600186B330E477A6" box="[1071,1215,659,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucilepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB600186B330E477A6" box="[1071,1215,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">P. paucilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257DBFFA3FFBB60E786B2315177A6" box="[1225,1290,658,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB60E786B2315177A6" bold="true" box="[1225,1290,658,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
closest to
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB61A986B3357977C2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyacantha">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB61A986B3357977C2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">P. polyacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(about 8.8% divergence). It has only been found on outer reef slopes between depths of
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA3FFBB6101869631C377C2" box="[1327,1432,694,719]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="22.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="15.0">
15–
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA3FFBB6177869631C377C2" box="[1369,1432,694,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" type="generic">29 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB651B86FB359F77FE" box="[309,452,731,755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucilepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB651B86FB359F77FE" box="[309,452,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">P. paucilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257DBFFA3FFBB65E586FA365177FE" box="[459,522,730,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB65E586FA365177FE" bold="true" box="[459,522,730,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
have been found to occur sympatrically with
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB602586FB302E77FE" box="[1035,1141,731,755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brederi">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB602586FB302E77FE" box="[1035,1141,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">P. brederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the Austral Islands and with
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB64FE8720356D761A" box="[208,310,767,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gal" status="sp. nov." subSpecies="zini">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB64FE8720356D761A" box="[208,310,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">P. gal zini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257DBFFA3FFBB656F86DE35DA761A" box="[321,385,766,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB656F86DE35DA761A" bold="true" box="[321,385,766,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
at Gambier and the Austral Islands. As is typical of specimens of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA3FFBB60CB86DF31CE761A" box="[1253,1429,767,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA3FFBB60CB86DF31CE761A" box="[1253,1429,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">Pseudogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens have not been observed alive and have only been collected using the ichthyocide rotenone, which is the only effective collecting method for this species and other species with cryptic habits. It is currently known only from the subtropical Pacific south of 20 degrees S latitude (
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA3FFBB6714874A3725768E" box="[826,894,874,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1435,1457]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1405]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,841,1414]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of the members of the Pseudogramma polyacantha species complex. Pseudogramma polyacantha — lavender shading, blue stars; P. brederi — green shading, green stars; P. galzini n. sp. — orange shading orange stars; P. paucilepis n. sp. — pink shading Purple stars. Black dots represent locations of specimens examined; stars indicate specimens with COI sequence available on BOLD." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265902/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="256">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), but it is likely that it will be found to be more broadly distributed geographically, at least within the subtropical South Pacific Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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