402 lines
55 KiB
XML
402 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="0604A4209ABC5E8AB1D97F633A94BE67" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277048" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64220ce3-8006-43fe-b17c-1d663245aee1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277048" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460266594693" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Medianero, Enrique & Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis" docDate="2011" docId="03DF3F6EFFAED85FC0D2F8D31A9CAB84" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02802p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2802" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Disholcaspis bettyannae Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFE64716FFAFD85AC045FFFC1B54AA70" masterDocTitle="First record of the genus Disholcaspis Dalla Torre & Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in the Neotropics, with description of two new species from Panama" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698245937124" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="14E2269BB403F8221B51D8432F449DD0">First record of the genus Disholcaspis Dalla Torre & Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in the Neotropics, with description of two new species from Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9A67805C50714F13E257463398B6621">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7A6B02B8C7622BD434EDE10E42E16EA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E799535B740A10885C2333E1749B47A2">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="69DB18E5D70A3F2ADFF023C196332C0F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2FCDCE95879D2CEE13714A1EF97F3F5C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5E21614A807B67CF6881D1A041636D0E">
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<mods:date id="2D4AA2D8986EA45D67E07D839BA8F572">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="56B59A932028719AF4D45CC7A51B4BF0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.277048</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1FFEDCDCD764EC22F2B0DBB5E9E60164" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF3F6EFFAED85FC0D2F8D31A9CAB84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189889" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF3F6EFFAED85FC0D2F8D31A9CAB84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF3F6EFFAED85FC0D2F8D31A9CAB84" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAED85BC0D2F8D31A9DAD1A" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAED85BC0D2F8D318D3AD39" blockId="1.[151,903,1839,1898]" box="[151,903,1839,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0813914FFAED85BC0D2F8D318D3AD39" bold="true" box="[151,903,1839,1865]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFAED85BC0D2F8D318D3AD39" bold="true" box="[151,903,1839,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAED85BC0D2F8D31877AD39" authority="Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey" authorityName="Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey" box="[151,803,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFAED85BC0D2F8D31AEFAD39" bold="true" box="[151,443,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Disholcaspis bettyannae</emphasis>
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Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231EF11FFAED85BC36CF8D318D3AD39" box="[809,903,1839,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAED85BC0D2F8AE1A9DAD1A" blockId="1.[151,903,1839,1898]" box="[151,457,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAED85BC0DAF8AE1BB8AD1A" box="[159,236,1874,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAED85BC0BFF8AE1A5EAD1A" box="[250,266,1874,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAED85BC153F8AE1A77AD1A" box="[278,291,1874,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1126,1149]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1105]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus and forewings of Disholcaspis species: (A) Disholcaspis bettyannae, female (B) forewing of female. (C) Disholcaspis bisethiae, female. (D) forewing of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277053/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">5</figureCitation>
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A–B & 6A–C)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAED858C0D2F8671A3DAB14" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAED858C0D2F86718E9AA87" blockId="1.[151,1436,1946,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFAED85BC0D2F8671A12ADC3" bold="true" box="[151,326,1946,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAED85BC0D2F8671B86ADC3" box="[151,210,1947,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAED85BC10AF8661AE3ADC2" box="[335,439,1946,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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Ƥ (
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<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAED85BC1A3F866197DADC2" box="[486,553,1946,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1126,1149]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1105]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus and forewings of Disholcaspis species: (A) Disholcaspis bettyannae, female (B) forewing of female. (C) Disholcaspis bisethiae, female. (D) forewing of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277053/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A) (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
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<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAED85BC4E1F8661FB0ADC2" box="[1188,1252,1946,1970]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED6716BDFFAED85BC4B1F8661E1AADC2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1268,1358,1946,1970]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">MNCN</collectionCode>
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), cardmounted. Cat. nº 2108).
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<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAED85BC1F5F843197EADA7" box="[432,554,1983,2007]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Chiriquí, Volcan Baru 8º 47' 50 08” N, 82º 29' 35 9” W,
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<quantity id="4C8E239DFFAED85BC486F8421E49ADA6" box="[1219,1309,1982,2006]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
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; ex gall on stems of
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<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFADD858C0B9FF641990AADF" authority="Liebm." authorityName="Liebm." box="[252,708,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C0B9FF641ABDAAC0" box="[252,489,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
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Liebm. (Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, gall collected
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<date id="FFC8A8B8FFADD858C329FF6B188CAADF" box="[876,984,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="2008-01-30">30.i.2008</date>
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, insect emerged
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<date id="FFC8A8B8FFADD858C4D6FF6B1F93AADF" box="[1171,1223,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="2008-02">ii.08</date>
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, E. Medianero leg.
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFADD858C0D2FF411A5CAAA5" box="[151,264,189,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 3Ƥ same data as
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFADD858C195FF401961AAA4" box="[464,565,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, but collected
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<date id="FFC8A8B8FFADD858C293FF40180CAAA4" box="[726,856,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="2008-12-22">22.xii.2008</date>
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, insect emerged
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<date id="FFC8A8B8FFADD858C457FF401F10AAA4" box="[1042,1092,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">i.09.</date>
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Two
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFADD858C4C6FF411FBBAAA5" box="[1155,1263,189,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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in
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<collectionCode id="ED6716BDFFADD858C557FF401E3DAAA4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1298,1385,188,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">MNCN</collectionCode>
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, one
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFADD858C0D2FF1C1BA3AA88" box="[151,247,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
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<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFADD858C2B0FF23181AAA87" box="[757,846,223,247]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Panamá</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED6716BDFFADD858C318FF2318E5AA87" box="[861,945,223,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">MEUP</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFADD858C082FEF81A3DAB14" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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Additionally, 1Ƥ
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFADD858C1CEFEF91ABFAB6D" box="[395,491,261,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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of the
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<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFADD858C27CFEF9193DAB6D" box="[569,617,261,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
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series was dissected for SEM observation (in
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<collectionCode id="ED6716BDFFADD858C42AFEF81F9CAB6C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1135,1224,260,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">MNCN</collectionCode>
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).
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C082FED41A1AAB30" bold="true" box="[199,334,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named after Dra. Betty Ann Rowe Catsambanis Vice-Rector Research/Graduate Programs, University of
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<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFADD858C14DFEB11A30AB14" box="[264,356,333,356]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF09DEF0FFADD858C0D2F92A18F4AD7B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFADD858C0D2F92A18F4AD7B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1750,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C0D2F92A1A47AC9B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1750,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFADD858C15FF92A1946AC9C" box="[282,530,1750,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C15FF92A1946AC9C" box="[282,530,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Disholcaspis bettyannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFADD859C082F8CB1A18A8F4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFADD859C082F8CB1A18A8F4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1847,2016]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2030]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C082F8CB195AAD20" bold="true" box="[199,526,1847,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis and comments. T</emphasis>
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he species is closely allied to
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<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFADD858C313F8C51FD0AD3F" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[854,1156,1847,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
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<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C313F8C51F47AD20" box="[854,1043,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
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Ashmead
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</taxonomicName>
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from Florida, being similar in color and a majority of morphological characteristics. The species differ in the length of the notauli, the scutellar foveae, leg coloration and, mainly, in the gall that is induced.
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<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFADD858C3EBF87C1F95ADE8" box="[942,1217,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
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||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C3EBF87C1F95ADE8" box="[942,1217,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Disholcaspis bettyannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the notauli distinct posteriorly and medially, indistinct anteriorly, smooth, broad and convergent posteriorly, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFADD858C55CF8591B8FAD90" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFADD858C55CF8591B8FAD90" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has notauli weakly impressed also posteriorly. The new species has scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, shallow but distinct, whereas the scutellar foveae are indistinct in
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<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C2A9FF6518FDAAC0" box="[748,937,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
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||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C2A9FF6518FDAAC0" box="[748,937,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C3F2FF641F9DAAC0" box="[951,1225,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C3F2FF641F9DAAC0" box="[951,1225,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Disholcaspis bettyannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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has legs yellowish brown, whereas
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C114FF41195BAAA4" box="[337,527,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C114FF41195BAAA4" box="[337,527,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has legs light reddish-brown. The new species induces a small globular gall (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFACD859C53BFF401BB0AA87" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6– 11 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) that does not secrete nectar. Internally, it is of a compact, rather hard, corky texture and contains a free, oval yellowish larval cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C1BFFEF81969AB6C" box="[506,573,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C28CFEF918D2AB6C" box="[713,902,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C28CFEF918D2AB6C" box="[713,902,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
induces similar small, globular galls, internally spongy, which exude a sticky substance that attracts ants. In coloration,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C3F9FED41F9BAB30" box="[956,1231,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C3F9FED41F9BAB30" box="[956,1231,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Disholcaspis bettyannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C5C4FED51A18AB14" authority="Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C5C4FED51BA2AB14" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFACD859C1D7FEB01ABCAB14" box="[402,488,332,356]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C265FEB119A8AB14" authority="Weld" authorityName="Weld" box="[544,764,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamillana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C265FEB119EFAB14" box="[544,699,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. mamillana</emphasis>
|
||
Weld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from California (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFACD859C386FEB018AAAB14" box="[963,1022,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) but differs from them mainly in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFACD859C0D2FE8C1B93ABF8" box="[151,199,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of gall that it induces and host plant. The galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C2B8FE8D182BABF8" box="[765,895,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C2B8FE8D182BABF8" box="[765,895,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C3F3FE8D1F04ABF8" box="[950,1104,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamillana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C3F3FE8D1F04ABF8" box="[950,1104,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. mamillana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are large globular bullets (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFACD859C53AFE931B97ABDC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) with a nipple at the apex. Additionally, the anteroadmedian signa are not visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C551FE691EC1ABDC" box="[1300,1429,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C551FE691EC1ABDC" box="[1300,1429,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas they are discernible in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C1BDFE4519C8ABA0" box="[504,668,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C1BDFE4519CCABA0" box="[504,664,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">D. bettyannae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A few more
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C36AFE441894ABA0" box="[815,960,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C36AFE441894ABA0" box="[815,960,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Disholcaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFACD859C488FE4B1E76ABBF" box="[1229,1314,439,463]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F389FFACD859C509FE4B1A6DAB84" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1937) New Mexican gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Revista de Entomologia, 7 (4), 39 - 78." type="journal article">Kinsey (Kinsey 1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
namely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C1E5FE201981AB84" authority="Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[416,725,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C1E5FE201929AB84" box="[416,637,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Disholcaspis laetae</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C2A7FE2118E7AB84" authority="Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[738,947,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purlans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C2A7FE21180EAB84" box="[738,858,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. purlans</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C3FAFE211FF5AB84" authority="Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[959,1185,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C3FAFE211F1DAB84" box="[959,1097,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C49CFE211B9BA867" authority="Kinsey 1937" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C49CFE211E11AB84" box="[1241,1349,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">D. regina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7F389FFACD859C509FE201B9BA867" author="Kinsey" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1937) New Mexican gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Revista de Entomologia, 7 (4), 39 - 78." type="journal article" year="1937">Kinsey 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems also closely similar to the Panamanian species here described. However the Mexican species differ from them in the general brightly cherry rufous coloration and the smaller size of adults, as well as for the smooth and shining gall surface and the different oak hosts, being associated mainly to dwarf oaks as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C4E2FDB41E55A810" box="[1191,1281,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C4E2FDB41E55A810" box="[1191,1281,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Q. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C54BFDB41EC8A810" box="[1294,1436,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C54BFDB41EC8A810" box="[1294,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Q. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFACD859C083FD911A10A8F4" box="[198,324,620,644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C083FD911A10A8F4" box="[198,324,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Q. repanda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFACD85FC082FD731E5CAB14" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFACD859C082FD731B8FA947" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C082FD731A0CA8D7" bold="true" box="[199,344,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFACD859C1B3FD731909A8D7" box="[502,605,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.94" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.94">3.94 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range 3.64–4.19; N = 4) for females. Body uniformly amber and shiny with distal segment of antenna, anteroadmedian signa area, parapsidal signa, propodeal area (except by spiracular area), posteromedial area of metasoma, sternum, stipes, last segment of maxillary palp, labial palp and claws dark brown to black. Legs yellowish brown. Forewing hyaline with some very light infumation, veins dark brown to black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFACD859C080FCB81AA8AF75" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFACD859C080FCB81A74A92C" box="[197,288,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Head rugose, moderately pubescent with piliferous punctures, in dorsal view about 3.4 x wider than long. POL 1.5 x longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 2.2 x its longest diameter. Head in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C1DCFC771A83A9D3" box="[409,471,907,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) transversely ovate, 1.3 x wider than high, gena moderately broadened behind eyes, 0.26 x diameter of compound eye. Vertex, frons and occiput more rugose; face, gena with piliferous punctures, short delicate irradiating carinae from clypeus present, not reaching ventral margin of compound eye, absent medially above clypeus; head moderately pubescent, with relatively long golden setae, except vertex, frons with sparse, shorter setae. Clypeus more or less trapezoidal, 1.8 x wider than high, mostly smooth and moderately pubescent, ventral margin sinuate, slightly projecting over mandibles. Anterior tentorial pits visible; epistomal sulcus not indicated, clypeo-pleurostomal lines visible. Malar space 0.4 x height of compound eye, without malar sulcus. Toruli situated slightly above mid-height of compound eye; distance between antennal rim and compound eye 1.1 x width of antennal socket including rim. Ocellar plate not raised. Head, posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C461FB5A1F30AECE" box="[1060,1124,1190,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B) without occipital carina. Gula short; distance between occipital and oral foramina 1.5 x height of occipital foramen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C4E0FB361FB1AE92" box="[1189,1253,1226,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Hypostomal sulci well separate at oral fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFACD859C080FAED1894AF00" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Mouthparts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C11DFAED1AF2AF59" box="[344,422,1297,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 1B): mandibles strong, exposed, with dense setae in base, right mandible with three teeth, left with two teeth. Cardo of maxilla not visible, maxillary stipes relatively short, broad, about 2.2 x longer than wide. Maxillary palp five-segmented. Labial palp three-segmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFACD859C080FA80184EAC34" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C176FA871A26AFE3" box="[307,370,1403,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C) of moderate length, as long as 1/2 body length, with 13 flagellomeres; flagellum not broadening towards apex; with relatively long, erect setae, and elongate placodeal sensilla not well visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C577FA631E20AFC7" box="[1330,1396,1439,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Relative lengths of antennal segments: 18:11:40:37:28:26:21:19:14:12:12:11:22. Pedicel sub-globose, small, 0.6 x as long as scape; F1-F6 long, slender, gradually decreasing in length. F1 1.08 x as long as F2. F7-F10 short and wide, F11 2.7 x longer than wide, 2.0 x as long as F10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C2B9F9F5186FAC51" box="[764,827,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Placodeal sensillae on F3-F11 disposed in one row of 8–10 sensillae in half dorsal area of each flagellomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFACD859C080F9AD18CDACA2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Mesosoma. Smooth to finely rugose, very densely pubescent with piliferous punctures, in lateral view 1.3 x as long as high, slightly convex dorsally. Pronotum, densely pubescent; lateral surface of pronotum with some longitudinal wrinkles dorsally; with long and dense setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C2A3F96B1870ACDF" box="[742,804,1687,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Pronotum short medially, ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally = 0.18. Pronotal plate indistinct dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C370F9461821ACA2" box="[821,885,1722,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFACD859C080F9231ED4AD9E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Mesonotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C124F9221AF8AC86" box="[353,428,1758,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Mesoscutum finely rugose, densely pubescent with piliferous punctures, slightly broader than long in dorsal view. Notauli distinct posteriorly, medially, faint anteriorly, smooth and convergent posteriorly, with an indistinct median mesoscutal impression. Anteroadmedian signa clearly visible. Parapsidal signa broad, smooth. Transscutal fissure narrow, clearly visible, deeply impressed, slightly sinuate. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, shallow, almost smooth, indistinctly separated medially, anterior and posterior margins relatively well marked, about 1/
|
||
<date id="FFC8A8B8FFACD859C116F8731A22ADD7" box="[339,374,1935,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">8 x</date>
|
||
as long as scutellum. Scutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C2A8F873187BADD7" box="[749,815,1935,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) rounded from above, about 0.8 x length of mesoscutum, strongly reticulate-rugose, in lateral view extended posteriorly over dorsellum. Axillula densely pubescent, anterior, posterior margins marked. Mesopleuron smooth, densely pubescent with piliferous punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFACD859C55BF82A1E09AD9E" box="[1310,1373,2006,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF09DEF0FFABD85EC0D2FA401FEFAF81" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFABD85EC0D2FA401FEFAF81" blockId="4.[151,1435,1468,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFABD85EC0D2FA401A47AFA1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1468,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFABD85EC15FFA401947AFA2" box="[282,531,1468,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFABD85EC15FFA401947AFA2" box="[282,531,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Disholcaspis bettyannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFABD85EC080F9E219EFACD2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1565,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Metanotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC113F9E11ACFAC45" box="[342,411,1565,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleural sulcus reaching posterior margin of mesopectus at about mid-height of metapectal-propodeal complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC31AF9BD18F4AC29" box="[863,928,1601,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1726]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of last flagellomeres. (E) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Lateral propodeal carinae arched, poorly defined, with some secondary strong rugae laterally and dorsally on bare median propodeal area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC4ADF9991E78AC0D" box="[1256,1324,1637,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), lateral propodeal area densely pubescent; nucha rugose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFABD85EC080F9521FB2ACB5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1565,2021]" box="[197,1254,1709,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Legs. Densely pubescent; metatarsal claws with strong triangular basal lobe or teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC4C4F9511F90ACB5" box="[1153,1220,1709,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFABD85EC080F92D1940AD25" blockId="4.[151,1436,1565,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC107F92D1AD3AC99" box="[322,391,1745,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1126,1149]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1105]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus and forewings of Disholcaspis species: (A) Disholcaspis bettyannae, female (B) forewing of female. (C) Disholcaspis bisethiae, female. (D) forewing of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277053/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B) as long as body, radial cell 3.2 x longer than wide; open along anterior margin; areolet small, triangular, closed, distinct. R1 and M nearly straight, not reaching wing margin. R1 and Rs weakly pigmented. Rs slightly bowed. Rs+M not reaching basalis. 2r well pigmented, slightly projected medially. Apical margin of wing with short hair fringe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFABD85EC080F89E1847AD95" blockId="4.[151,1436,1565,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC10FF89D1ADAAD09" box="[330,398,1889,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) large, as long as head and mesosoma combined, in lateral view as wide as high. Second metasomal tergite covering about 2/3 of metasoma, with patch of dense setae in its anteromedial area. Projecting part of hypopygial spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC1FEF8551AABADB1" box="[443,511,1961,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E) about 2.5 x as long as wide in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFABD85EC45FF8551F0AADB1" box="[1050,1118,1961,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Disholcaspis bettyannae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F); laterally with long setae, longer than spine width, but not forming an apical patch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC080FF6B1E5CAB14" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC080FF6B1BACAAC0" bold="true" box="[197,248,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC14CFF6B1A18AADF" box="[265,332,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Globose or bud-shaped, with broad base, monothalamic, densely pubescent with velvet or felt-like surface, growing singly or in clusters of two to six galls. Pale yellowish, sometimes tinged with pink or red when fresh (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC161FF231A33AA87" box="[292,359,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A) and light brown when mature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC2AEFF23187AAA87" box="[747,814,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Internally with compact, rather hard, corky texture, containing free oval yellowish larval cell, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC2CDFEF8199AAB6C" box="[648,718,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Diameter of gall
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFAAD85FC384FEF81F1FAB6C" box="[961,1099,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, formed in stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC57BFEF91A2CAB4F" authority="Liebm." authorityName="Liebm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC57BFEF91A4AAB30" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
|
||
Liebm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, closely resembling that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC2E9FED5189FAB4F" authority="Kinsey, 1922" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[684,971,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC2E9FED5187AAB30" box="[684,814,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">D. simulata</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC393FED51E53AB4F" authority="Bassett, 1890" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[982,1287,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC393FED51F3EAB30" box="[982,1130,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">D. canescens</emphasis>
|
||
Bassett, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC57BFED51AB3AB14" authority="Ashmead, 1881" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercussuccinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC57BFED51A65AB14" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">D. quercussuccinipes</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAAD85FC23AFEB019EEAB14" box="[639,698,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but, these galls are induced in different oak species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAAD85FC080FE931E75ABF7" box="[197,1313,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC080FE931E75ABF7" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,500]" box="[197,1313,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC080FE931A0AABF8" bold="true" box="[197,350,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC120FE8C1923ABF8" box="[357,631,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC120FE8C1923ABF8" box="[357,631,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Disholcaspis bettyannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found between
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFAAD85FC31BFE9318ACABF7" box="[862,1016,367,391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9155" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.4309999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1915.5" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="1431.0">1431–2400 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. at Chiriqui,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAAD85FC484FE8C1E49ABF7" box="[1217,1309,368,391]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAAD85FC080FE6F1A9CAB84" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC080FE6F1A9CAB84" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC080FE6F1A70ABDC" bold="true" box="[197,292,403,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the asexual generation is known, inducing galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC3EBFE691FA0ABDC" authority="Liebm." authorityName="Liebm." box="[942,1268,404,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC3EBFE691FCFABDC" box="[942,1179,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
|
||
Liebm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC51EFE681B95ABBF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The galls are found between October and May during the dry season in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAAD85FC3B2FE441F07ABBF" box="[1015,1107,440,463]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The insects studied emerged in December and February.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |