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<document id="0A20CA935AA6F297913CC9F91411AF03" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277048" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64220ce3-8006-43fe-b17c-1d663245aee1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277048" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460266594693" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Medianero, Enrique &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis" docDate="2011" docId="03DF3F6EFFAAD85DC0D2FDBB1EC1ADAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02802p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2802" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Disholcaspis bisethiae Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFE64716FFAFD85AC045FFFC1B54AA70" masterDocTitle="First record of the genus Disholcaspis Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in the Neotropics, with description of two new species from Panama" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698245937124" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6F94F890C09249487584A9607640552C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="15F5513F8966E3AFF109F0E7C277840B">
<mods:title id="5BAC531EF0DAAC88CA4930E044A24731">First record of the genus Disholcaspis Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in the Neotropics, with description of two new species from Panama</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2A51B5336DDCE16172CF2C0BD3D7F651" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8EF504AFD603A11612139C4D9F11A1C0">
<mods:roleTerm id="ABF7B117AD8A559F34B3DDEE51A2BA6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="103C09F132CE219B22B28B499EEF11F2">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2E8298BF4CA455BE2B520EB8297416CB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="71050A6046469480CA323D197071B781">
<mods:roleTerm id="0EBC6B272EB4F4AA86B45F3DCEAB6545">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="58D3D131C4B825AFD3DFAD019C294524">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B034B0DD13F352EC043A210133E1BD09">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2506D063AEB24B9A93DDB5C1E4A1FFA0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1DA2E7D30C8522C557B1449ED8B4F0D3">
<mods:date id="8F93094BD76C85A385552B6DFCA40E10">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BB44221FF41DCB805CB2FEE3C8EC66D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E3D56D3EFA29274249DE852419D04B79">2802</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B98815814C4448C887AF0F926D60693D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="104335B4FE0C2EE731D4AF0033B514A6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.277048</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9CD4D88606A3C55884E247F9E3BA2338" type="GBIF-Dataset">64220ce3-8006-43fe-b17c-1d663245aee1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="51FBB6FA4A18935DA8C4515376674506" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AA8859BEFD4F70A3483214398538E43D" type="Zenodo-Dep">277048</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DF3F6EFFAAD85DC0D2FDBB1EC1ADAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189891" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF3F6EFFAAD85DC0D2FDBB1EC1ADAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF3F6EFFAAD85DC0D2FDBB1EC1ADAD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAAD85FC0D2FDBB1A92A8F2" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC0D2FDBB183BA811" blockId="5.[151,879,583,642]" box="[151,879,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D0813914FFAAD85FC0D2FDBB183BA811" bold="true" box="[151,879,583,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC0D2FDBB183BA811" bold="true" box="[151,879,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC0D2FDBB185EA811" authority="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" box="[151,778,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisethiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC0D2FDBB1AF6A811" bold="true" box="[151,418,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Disholcaspis bisethiae</emphasis>
Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231EF11FFAAD85FC354FDBB183BA811" box="[785,879,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC0D2FD961A92A8F2" blockId="5.[151,879,583,642]" box="[151,454,618,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
(
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC0DAFD961BB9A8F2" box="[159,237,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC0BFFD961A5EA8F2" box="[250,266,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC153FD961A76A8F2" box="[278,290,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1126,1149]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1105]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus and forewings of Disholcaspis species: (A) Disholcaspis bettyannae, female (B) forewing of female. (C) Disholcaspis bisethiae, female. (D) forewing of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277053/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">5</figureCitation>
C–D &amp; 6D–F)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAAD85FC0D2FD4F1F8BA9D2" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC0D2FD4F1A0AA90E" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC0D2FD4F1A13A8BB" bold="true" box="[151,327,690,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC0D2FD4F1B86A8BB" box="[151,210,691,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC115FD4E1AECA8BA" box="[336,440,690,714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Ƥ (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC1ADFD4E1978A8BA" box="[488,556,690,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1126,1149]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1105]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus and forewings of Disholcaspis species: (A) Disholcaspis bettyannae, female (B) forewing of female. (C) Disholcaspis bisethiae, female. (D) forewing of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277053/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C) (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAAD85FC4EFFD4E1FB9A8BA" box="[1194,1261,690,714]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Spain</collectingCountry>
, card mounted. Cat nº 2109).
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAAD85FC17DFD2B1AE6A89F" box="[312,434,727,751]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
, Chiriquí, Renacimiento, 8º 49' 58 7” N, 82º 44' 44 5” W,
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFAAD85FC41DFD2A1FE6A89E" box="[1112,1202,726,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1270.0">1270 m</quantity>
; ex gall on stems of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC0D2FD0719E3A962" authority="Schledl &amp; Cham." authorityName="Schledl &amp; Cham." box="[151,695,762,787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC0D2FD071A33A963" box="[151,359,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Quercus lancifolia</emphasis>
Schledl &amp; Cham. (Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, gall collected
<date id="FFC8A8B8FFAAD85FC324FD061899A962" box="[865,973,762,786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" value="2009-01-22">22.i.2009</date>
, insect emerged
<date id="FFC8A8B8FFAAD85FC4CFFD061FA2A962" box="[1162,1270,762,786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" value="2009-01-23">23.i.2009</date>
, E. Medianero leg.
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC08FFCE31A6FA947" box="[202,315,799,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 4Ƥ, same data as
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC25FFCE219D4A946" box="[538,640,798,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 1Ƥ same data as
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC31DFCE218E9A946" box="[856,957,798,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but collected
<date id="FFC8A8B8FFAAD85FC42DFCE21FB6A946" box="[1128,1250,798,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" value="2008-06-18">18.vi.2008</date>
, insect emerged
<date id="FFC8A8B8FFAAD85FC0D2FCBE1BA1A92A" box="[151,245,834,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" value="2008-07">vii.2008</date>
, E. Medianero leg. Four
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC251FCBF192BA92B" box="[532,639,835,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="ED6716BDFFAAD85FC2E2FCBE19AAA92A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[679,766,834,858]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">MNCN</collectionCode>
, one
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC37EFCBF18CFA92B" box="[827,923,835,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAAD85FC0D2FC9A1BA4A90E" box="[151,240,870,894]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED6716BDFFAAD85FC0BBFC9A1A06A90E" box="[254,338,870,894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">MEUP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC082FC761F8BA9D2" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" box="[199,1247,906,931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
Additionally, 2Ƥ
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC1CEFC771ABFA9D3" box="[395,491,907,931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of the
<typeStatus id="54CD30DAFFAAD85FC27CFC77193DA9D3" box="[569,617,907,931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
series were dissected for SEM observation (in
<collectionCode id="ED6716BDFFAAD85FC43FFC761F87A9D2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1146,1235,906,930]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">MNCN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAAD85FC082FC5318DDA9B6" box="[199,905,942,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC082FC5318DDA9B6" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" box="[199,905,942,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC082FC531A1AA9B7" bold="true" box="[199,334,943,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after Biseth Araúz, wife of the first author.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAAD85FC082FC2E1852AE0A" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC082FC2E1852AE0A" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC082FC2E1AACA99B" bold="true" box="[199,504,978,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
Closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC296FC281826A99B" box="[723,882,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC296FC281826A99B" box="[723,882,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">D. bettyannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above in color and a majority of morphological characteristics. The two species can be readily distinguished using the key for the identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC51BFC0A1BA7AE43" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC51BFC0A1BA7AE43" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Disholcaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFAAD85FC16CFBE71AD6AE42" box="[297,386,1051,1074]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Panama</collectingCountry>
provided in this article. Like
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC345FBE01F18AE43" box="[768,1100,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC345FBE018FDAE43" box="[768,937,1051,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">D. bettyannae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC3F9FBE01F18AE43" box="[956,1100,1051,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisethiae">D. bisethiae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
resembles in coloration
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC5C4FBE01AF3AE26" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC5C4FBE01A66AE26" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC1F1FBBC19D9AE26" authority="Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[436,653,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC1F1FBBC1963AE26" box="[436,567,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">D. unicolor</emphasis>
Kinsey
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC28DFBBC18F0AE26" authority="Weld" authorityName="Weld" box="[712,932,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamillana">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC28DFBBC1830AE26" box="[712,868,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">D. mamillana</emphasis>
Weld
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from them in the characteristics described in the diagnosis of the first described species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFAAD85DC082FB7A1F8CAD3D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC082FB7A1F1DAF7A" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC082FB7A1A0CAEEE" bold="true" box="[199,344,1158,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
Female body length
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFAAD85FC217FB7A19EEAEEE" box="[594,698,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.58" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="3.58">3.58 mm</quantity>
(range 3.17–3.72; N = 6). Head, mesosoma, metasoma shining amber to brown, with two last segments of antenna, anteroadmedian signa area, parapsidal signa, median propodeal area, posteromedial metasoma area, sternum, last segment of maxillary palp, labial palp and claws dark brown to black. Legs yellowish brown. Forewing slightly yellowish brown, veins dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC080FAEA1810ACE6" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC080FAEA1A74AF5E" box="[197,288,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Female.</emphasis>
Head rudely alutaceous, strongly pubescent, with piliferous punctures, in dorsal view about 3.0 x wider than long. POL 1.75 x longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 1.6 x its longest diameter. Head in anterior view 1.27 x wider than high (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC30FFAA218D9AF06" box="[842,909,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Genae slightly expanded behind eyes. Vertex, frons, genae pubescent with sparse, shorter setae; face, occiput more heavenly pubescent, with relatively long setae. Clypeus trapezoidal, 1.6 x wider than high, shining alutaceous, with long setae ventrally, ventral margin slightly sinuate, projected over mandibles. Anterior tentorial pits conspicuous; epistomal sulcus indistinct, clypeopleurostomal lines distinct. Malar space 0.38 x height of compound eye, without malar sulcus and radiating striae from clypeus virtually absent. Distance between antennal rim of torulus and compound eye 1.07 x its width including rim. Ocellar plate slightly raised. Head, posterior view (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC376F9CA1822AC3E" box="[819,886,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). Distance between occipital and oral foramina 1.27 x height of occipital foramen. Occiput without occipital carina, with some transversal rugae dorso-lateral to occipital foramen. Hypostomal sulci separated at hypostoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC080F95E1FD6ACCA" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" box="[197,1154,1698,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
Mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC110F95E1AC2ACCA" box="[341,406,1698,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B) as in diagnosis preceding species, but cardo of maxillae visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC080F93B180AAD1E" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
Antenna 0.6 x as long as body (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC268F93A1924ACAE" box="[557,624,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C); with 12 flagellomeres, flagellum not broadening towards apex; with relatively long, erect setae and elongate placodeal sensilla visible only on F4–F12. F1-F6 long and slender, gradually decreasing in length. F7-F12 short, wide. Relative lengths of antennal segments: 19:13:39:39:30:29:24:20:15:18:12:12:10:17. Pedicel, globose, small, 0.7 as long as scape; F1 as long as F2 (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC52AF8CE1BF1AD1E" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D). F12 1.9 x longer than wide, 1.7 x as long as F11 (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFAAD85FC2BFF8AA1869AD1E" box="[762,829,1878,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFAAD85FC080F8871F40ADC6" blockId="5.[151,1437,690,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
Mesosoma. Smooth to finely alutaceous, densely pubescent with piliferous punctures, 1.23 x broader than long in dorsal view, 1.2 x as long as high in lateral view. Pronotum as
<emphasis id="B902526AFFAAD85FC32AF85C1F40ADC6" box="[879,1044,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFAAD85FC32AF85C1F44ADC6" box="[879,1040,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">D. bettyannae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA9D85CC080FF641FEFAB14" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
Mesonotum. Mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC1B3FF6B196DAADF" box="[502,569,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A), smooth to alutaceous, densely, uniformly pubescent, with piliferous punctures. Notauli distinct posteriorly, medially, faint anteriorly, crossed by transversal rugae, convergent posteriorly. Anteroadmedian signa and parapsidal signa visible. Median mesoscutal impression absent. Scutellum (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC577FF231E2CAA87" box="[1330,1400,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A), rounded, about 0.4 x as long as mesoscutum, strongly reticulate-rugose and moderately pubescent. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, confluent medially, with some longitudinal rugae, indistinctly margined posteriorly. Scutellum, in lateral view extended posteriorly over dorsellum. Mesopleuron (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC30EFEB018D9AB14" box="[843,909,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G) as in preceding species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA9D85CC080FE8C19EFAB85" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
Metanotum (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC113FE931ACFABF7" box="[342,411,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleural sulcus reaching posterior margin of mesopectus at about mid-height of metapectal-propodeal complex (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC319FE6818F4ABDC" box="[860,928,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,697,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G). Lateral propodeal carinae arched, poorly defined, with some secondary strong rugae laterally and dorsally on bare median propodeal area (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC4ADFE4B1E79ABBF" box="[1256,1325,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B), lateral propodeal area densely pubescent; nucha rugose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA9D85CC080FDFC1839A867" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,644]" box="[197,877,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
Legs. Metatarsal claw bearing a strong basal tooth (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC342FE03181FA867" box="[775,843,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA9D85CC080FDD81843A8F4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA9D85CC104FDD81AD2A84C" box="[321,390,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1126,1149]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1105]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus and forewings of Disholcaspis species: (A) Disholcaspis bettyannae, female (B) forewing of female. (C) Disholcaspis bisethiae, female. (D) forewing of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277053/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D).
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFA9D85CC1F6FDD81A86A84C" box="[435,466,548,572]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">As</collectingCountry>
long as body, radial cell 3.6 x longer than wide; open along anterior margin; areolet small, triangular. Rs well pigmented, slightly bowed, vein 2r slightly angulated but not prolonged by stump into radial cell. Hair fringe on apical margin moderately long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF09DEF0FFA9D85CC0D2F8471FB1AD80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277051/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[151,1436,697,1958]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA9D85CC0D2F8471FB1AD80" blockId="6.[151,1436,1979,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA9D85CC0D2F8471A47ADA1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1979,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA9D85CC15FF8401AAAADA2" box="[282,510,1980,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisethiae">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA9D85CC15FF8401AAAADA2" box="[282,510,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Disholcaspis bisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) Head anterior view. (B) Head posterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of last flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF09DEF0FFA8D85DC0D2FA2119D0AC62" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA8D85DC0D2FA2119D0AC62" blockId="7.[151,1436,1501,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC0D2FA211A40AF83" bold="true" box="[151,276,1501,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA8D85DC158FA221950AF84" box="[285,516,1502,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisethiae">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC158FA221950AF84" box="[285,516,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Disholcaspis bisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA8D85DC080F9C61E73ACCD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1593,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA8D85DC10CF9C51ADAAC21" box="[329,398,1593,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D). Smooth and shiny; large, as long as head and mesosoma combined; in lateral view 1.1 x as high as long. T3 covering about 2/3 of metasoma; without micropunctures; with a patch of dense setae in its anteromedial area. Projecting part of hypopygial spine, (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA8D85DC351F97D180DACE9" box="[788,857,1665,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Disholcaspis bisethiae: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metatarsal claw. (D) Metasoma lateral view. (E) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277052/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E); about 2.75 x as long as wide; lateral margins of hypopygial spine with long setae projecting over apical end of the spine, but not forming a terminal tuft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA8D85DC080F9351F8CAD3D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1593,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC080F9351BACAC92" bold="true" box="[197,248,1737,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA8D85DC14DF9351A18AC91" box="[264,332,1737,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D–F) Globular, monothalamic, with more or less distinct nipple at apex of some galls; hard, with felt-like covering, growing in clusters of two to ten galls (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA8D85DC370F911182FAD75" box="[821,891,1773,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
E). Brown when fresh and dark brown to black when old (
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA8D85DC14BF8ED1A05AD59" box="[270,337,1809,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D). Internally similar to gall of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA8D85DC2F4F8EF181BAD5A" box="[689,847,1810,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettyannae">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC2F4F8EF181BAD5A" box="[689,847,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">D. bettyannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134D92FDFFA8D85DC31BF8ED18F4AD59" box="[862,928,1809,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,375,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[168,1412,375,1624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Galls of Disholcaspis species from Panama: (A) Immature gall of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (B) mature galls of Disholcaspis bettyannae. (C) Section of a gall showing the central cell. (D) Old gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae showing the exit holes of inducer. (E) Mature gall of Disholcaspis bisethiae. (F) Section of a gall showing the central cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277054/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F). Diameter
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFA8D85DC472F8ED1FEFAD59" box="[1079,1211,1809,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8 to 14 mm</quantity>
. Formed in twigs of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA8D85DC0D2F8CA1A33AD3E" box="[151,359,1846,1870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC0D2F8CA1A33AD3E" box="[151,359,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Quercus lancifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gall most closely resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA8D85DC376F8CB18A8AD3D" authority="Walsh" authorityName="Walsh" box="[819,1020,1845,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamma">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC376F8CB18FAAD3E" box="[819,942,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">D. mamma</emphasis>
Walsh
</taxonomicName>
, known from
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFA8D85DC4DDF8C91F80AD3D" box="[1176,1236,1845,1869]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFA8D85DC080F8A51FE3ADE5" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA8D85DC080F8A51FE3ADE5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1593,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC080F8A51A0AAD02" bold="true" box="[197,350,1881,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA8D85DC122F8A61931AD02" box="[359,613,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisethiae">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC122F8A61931AD02" box="[359,613,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Disholcaspis bisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to
<quantity id="4C8E239DFFA8D85DC34FF8A51835AD01" box="[778,865,1881,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1270.0">1270 m</quantity>
a.s.l. at Cotito, Finca Hill and Piedra de Candela, Renacimiento district, in western
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFA8D85DC255F8821938ADE5" box="[528,620,1918,1941]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Chiriquí Province, near the border with
<collectingCountry id="F361CEE8FFA8D85DC470F8811FE7ADE5" box="[1077,1203,1917,1941]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36CDDF3FFA8D85DC080F85D1EC1ADAD" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC98E78FFA8D85DC080F85D1EC1ADAD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1593,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC080F85D1A71ADCA" bold="true" box="[197,293,1953,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Biology.</emphasis>
Only the asexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA8D85DC2CFF85F1845ADCA" box="[650,785,1954,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisethiae">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC2CFF85F1845ADCA" box="[650,785,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">D. bisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known, inducing detachable galls on stems of
<taxonomicName id="4C76F5FBFFA8D85DC57DF85E1B9EADAE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B902526AFFA8D85DC57DF85E1B9EADAE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Q. lancifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Galls are found between December–April, during the dry season, and the insects emerge in the same season.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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