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<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFF48FE2632FDFAAF" authority="(Palisot de Beauvois, 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[192,897,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF48FE2632FDFAAF" bold="true" box="[192,897,1351,1376]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF48FE263376FAAF" bold="true" box="[192,522,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus bituberculatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFD93FE293205FAAF" author="Palisot de Beauvois" box="[539,889,1351,1376]" firstAuthor="Palisot de Beauvois" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="101 - 120" refId="ref218808" refString="Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J. 1811. Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique, dans les royaumes d'Oware et de Benin, a Saint Domingue et dans les Etats-Unis, pendant les annees 1786 - 1797. Levrault, Schoel et Cie; Paris. Livraison 7: 101 - 120." type="journal article" year="1811">Palisot de Beauvois, 1811</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BC14E0AFF18FF3EFF60FE0032D3FA74" blockId="211.[232,1085,1390,1470]" box="[232,943,1390,1412]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E6924FF18FF3EFF60FE0032D3FA74" box="[232,943,1390,1412]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFF60FE0032D3FA74" ID-CoL="6Y84T" authority="Palisot de Beauvois 1811: 103" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1811" box="[232,943,1390,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF681BFF18FF3EFF60FE003220FA73" author="Palisot de Beauvois" box="[232,860,1390,1412]" page="103" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" year="1811">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF60FE003373FA73" box="[232,527,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Scarabaeus bituberculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFD9EFE003220FA73" author="Palisot de Beauvois" box="[534,860,1390,1412]" firstAuthor="Palisot de Beauvois" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="101 - 120" refId="ref218808" refString="Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J. 1811. Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique, dans les royaumes d'Oware et de Benin, a Saint Domingue et dans les Etats-Unis, pendant les annees 1786 - 1797. Levrault, Schoel et Cie; Paris. Livraison 7: 101 - 120." type="journal article" year="1811">Palisot de Beauvois 1811: 103</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFCE3FE0032DAFA74" box="[875,934,1390,1412]" name="Haiti" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Haiti</collectingCountry>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC14E0AFF18FF3EFF60FEE23541FA51" blockId="211.[232,1085,1390,1470]" box="[232,1085,1419,1441]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E6924FF18FF3EFF60FEE23541FA51" box="[232,1085,1419,1441]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
=
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF681BFF18FF3EFF75FEE533C8FA51" author="Bates, H. W." box="[253,692,1419,1441]" page="315" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" year="1888">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFF75FEE533C8FA51" ID-CoL="6PZ9T" authority="H. W. Bates 1888: 315" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityPageNumber="315" authorityYear="1888" box="[253,692,1419,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF75FEE530C5FA50" box="[253,441,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
H. W.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFD8CFEE233C8FA51" author="Bates, H. W." bookContentInfo="432 p." box="[516,692,1419,1441]" journalOrPublisher="Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="161 - 336" refId="ref193515" refString="Bates, H. W. 1888. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. p. 161 - 336. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London. 432 p." title="Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biologia Centrali-Americana" year="1888">Bates 1888: 315</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFD4AFEE53260FA50" box="[706,796,1419,1440]" name="Guyana" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, “Amazon Basin,”
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFC60FEE5354AFA51" box="[1000,1078,1419,1441]" name="Mexico" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Mexico</collectingCountry>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC14E0AFF18FF3EFF60FEC63395FA4E" blockId="211.[232,1085,1390,1470]" box="[232,745,1448,1470]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E6924FF18FF3EFF60FEC63395FA4E" box="[232,745,1448,1470]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFF75FEC63395FA4E" ID-CoL="6PZ9Q" authority="Arrow 1913 a: 466" authorityName="Arrow" authorityPageNumber="466" authorityYear="1913" box="[253,745,1448,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF681BFF18FF3EFF75FEC633F0FA4E" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[253,652,1448,1470]" page="466" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" year="1913">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF75FEC630BCFA4D" box="[253,448,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus maximus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFE4FFEC633F0FA4E" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[455,652,1448,1470]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 8 (11)" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="456 - 466" part="65" refId="ref191902" refString="Arrow, G. J. 1913 a. Some new species of lamellicorn beetles from Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 8 (11) (65): 456 - 466." title="Some new species of lamellicorn beetles from Brazil" type="journal article" year="1913">Arrow 1913a: 466</bibRefCitation>
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(
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFD13FEC6339EFA4E" box="[667,738,1448,1470]" name="Brazil" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Brazil</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3641D81FF18FF39FF48FEA035EFFBB1" lastPageId="212" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC14E0AFF18FF39FF48FEA0322FFE21" blockId="211.[192,1440,1486,1926]" lastBlockId="212.[192,1440,217,466]" lastPageId="212" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF48FEA03096FA16" bold="true" box="[192,490,1486,1510]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFEFFFEA03098FA16" box="[375,484,1486,1510]" name="Guyana" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Guyana</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
H. W.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFDB1FEA1338BFA16" author="Bates, H. W." bookContentInfo="432 p." box="[569,759,1486,1510]" journalOrPublisher="Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="161 - 336" refId="ref193515" refString="Bates, H. W. 1888. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. p. 161 - 336. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London. 432 p." title="Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biologia Centrali-Americana" year="1888">Bates 1888: 315</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFCAEFEA1328EFA16" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[806,1010,1486,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFCAEFEA1328EFA16" box="[806,1010,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFB8FFEA035A0FA16" bold="true" box="[1031,1244,1486,1510]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFB8FFEA035AAFA16" box="[1031,1238,1486,1510]" name="French Guiana" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFB69FEA131A1F9F6" author="Duranton, M." journalOrPublisher="Coleopteres, numero special" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 31" part="1" refId="ref200092" refString="Duranton, M. 2011. Chorologie et ecologie des dynastides de Guyane francaise. Coleopteres, numero special 1: 1 - 31." title="Chorologie et ecologie des dynastides de Guyane francaise" type="journal article" year="2011">Duranton 2011: 20</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFE9EFE813353F9F6" box="[278,559,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFE9EFE813353F9F6" box="[278,559,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (?).
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFDF8FE80327FF9F6" bold="true" box="[624,771,1518,1542]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">“Guianas”:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFC85FE803554F9F6" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[781,1064,1518,1542]" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="189 - 341" part="185" refId="ref193872" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185 (2): 189 - 341." title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 254</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFBE9FE81344EF9F6" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[1121,1330,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFBE9FE81344EF9F6" box="[1121,1330,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFAC4FE80307BF9D6" bold="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFAC4FE8034DCF9F6" box="[1356,1440,1518,1542]" name="Brazil" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(NA):
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFE85FD613098F9D6" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[269,484,1550,1575]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 8 (11)" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="456 - 466" part="65" refId="ref191902" refString="Arrow, G. J. 1913 a. Some new species of lamellicorn beetles from Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 8 (11) (65): 456 - 466." title="Some new species of lamellicorn beetles from Brazil" type="journal article" year="1913">Arrow 1913a: 466</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFD9DFD613396F9D6" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1913" box="[533,746,1551,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFD9DFD613396F9D6" box="[533,746,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFC88FD603568F9D6" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[768,1044,1550,1574]" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="189 - 341" part="185" refId="ref193872" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185 (2): 189 - 341." title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 254</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFBCDFD61346FF9D6" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[1093,1299,1550,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFBCDFD61346FF9D6" box="[1093,1299,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFACAFD61304DF9B6" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFACAFD61304DF9B6" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFEC3FD40334EF9B6" author="Endrodi, S." box="[331,562,1582,1606]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 145" part="37" refId="ref200804" refString="Endrodi, S. 1969 a. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini. Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden 37 (1): 1 - 145." title="Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini" type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969a: 74</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFDE3FD4135F6F9B6" box="[619,1162,1582,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="maximus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFDE3FD4133B5F9B6" box="[619,713,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFD55FD413237F9B6" box="[733,843,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFCD6FD4035F6F9B6" box="[862,1162,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">bituberculatus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (NA), 1985a: 263 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFF48FD2133B7F996" box="[192,715,1614,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="maximus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF48FD213061F996" box="[192,285,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFEA3FD2130E4F996" box="[299,408,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFE2FFD2033B7F996" box="[423,715,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">bituberculatus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFD68FD203542F996" author="Lopez-Garcia" box="[736,1086,1614,1638]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lopez-Garcia" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="451 - 492" refId="ref212996" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M., H. J. Gasca-Alvarez, and G. Amat-Garcia. 2015. The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution. Zootaxa 4048 (4): 451 - 492." type="journal article" year="2015">López-García et al. 2015: 477</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFBC0FD2035C2F996" author="Lopez-Garcia" box="[1096,1214,1614,1638]" firstAuthor="Lopez-Garcia" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref213049" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M., H. J. Gasca-Alvarez, R. D. Cave, and G. Amat-Garcia. 2016. An annotated checklist of the New World pentodontine scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa 4170 (3): 491 - 509." type="journal article" year="2016">2016: 501</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFB4FFD2034DCF996" bold="true" box="[1223,1440,1614,1638]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF18FF3EFB4FFD203428F996" box="[1223,1364,1614,1638]" name="Venezuela" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(EO):
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFF48FD0030DEF976" author="Endrodi, S." box="[192,418,1646,1670]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 145" part="37" refId="ref200804" refString="Endrodi, S. 1969 a. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini. Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden 37 (1): 1 - 145." title="Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini" type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969a: 74</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFE3CFD013577F976" authority="bituberculatus" box="[436,1035,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFE3CFD01336EF976" box="[436,530,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFDAAFD0133ECF976" box="[546,656,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFD2AFD003577F976" box="[674,1035,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">bituberculatus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 1985a: 263 (
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFB32FD013357F956" authority="bituberculatus" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFB32FD013464F976" box="[1210,1304,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFAA1FD0134EBF976" box="[1321,1431,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF48FDE03357F956" box="[192,555,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">bituberculatus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFDCDFDE032D5F956" author="Escalona, H. E. &amp; L. J. Joly" box="[581,937,1678,1702]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="111 - 137" part="39" refId="ref201573" refString="Escalona, H. E., and L. J. Joly. 2006. El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 39: 111 - 137." title="El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini)" type="journal article" year="2006">Escalona and Joly 2006: 126</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFC33FDE1303CF936" authority="bituberculatus" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFC33FDE13565F956" box="[955,1049,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFBA3FDE135E5F956" box="[1067,1177,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFB24FDE0303CF936" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">bituberculatus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (EO);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFE12FDC0327BF936" author="Lopez-Garcia" box="[410,775,1710,1734]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lopez-Garcia" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="451 - 492" refId="ref212996" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M., H. J. Gasca-Alvarez, and G. Amat-Garcia. 2015. The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution. Zootaxa 4048 (4): 451 - 492." type="journal article" year="2015">López-García et al. 2015: 477</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFC9CFDC032F3F936" author="Lopez-Garcia" box="[788,911,1710,1734]" firstAuthor="Lopez-Garcia" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref213049" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M., H. J. Gasca-Alvarez, R. D. Cave, and G. Amat-Garcia. 2016. An annotated checklist of the New World pentodontine scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa 4170 (3): 491 - 509." type="journal article" year="2016">2016: 501</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFC13FDC035FEF936" bold="true" box="[923,1154,1710,1734]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">“Amazon Basin”:</emphasis>
H. W.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFB52FDC134DCF936" author="Bates, H. W." bookContentInfo="432 p." box="[1242,1440,1710,1734]" journalOrPublisher="Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="161 - 336" refId="ref193515" refString="Bates, H. W. 1888. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. p. 161 - 336. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London. 432 p." title="Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biologia Centrali-Americana" year="1888">Bates 1888: 315</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFF65FDA130C1F916" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[237,445,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF65FDA130C1F916" box="[237,445,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFE5EFDA133DFF916" author="Arrow, G. J." bookContentInfo="124 p." box="[470,675,1742,1767]" editor="S. Schenkling" journalOrPublisher="Junk; The Hague, Netherlands" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="3 - 124" refId="ref192146" refString="Arrow, G. J. 1937 b. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. p. 3 - 124. In: S. Schenkling. Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 156. W. Junk; The Hague, Netherlands. 124 p." title="Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 156. W" year="1937">Arrow 1937b: 38</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFD52FDA132CEF916" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1913" box="[730,946,1743,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFD52FDA132CEF916" box="[730,946,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFC43FDA0355FF916" bold="true" box="[971,1059,1742,1766]" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Other:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFBA4FDA034DCF916" author="Palisot de Beauvois" box="[1068,1440,1742,1766]" firstAuthor="Palisot de Beauvois" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="101 - 120" refId="ref218808" refString="Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J. 1811. Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique, dans les royaumes d'Oware et de Benin, a Saint Domingue et dans les Etats-Unis, pendant les annees 1786 - 1797. Levrault, Schoel et Cie; Paris. Livraison 7: 101 - 120." type="journal article" year="1811">Palisot de Beauvois 1811: 103</bibRefCitation>
(Haiti - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFEC0FD8033ECF8F6" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1811" box="[328,656,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFEC0FD8033ECF8F6" box="[328,656,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Scarabaeus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); H. W.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFD73FD8132BEF8F6" author="Bates, H. W." bookContentInfo="432 p." box="[763,962,1774,1798]" journalOrPublisher="Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="161 - 336" refId="ref193515" refString="Bates, H. W. 1888. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. p. 161 - 336. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London. 432 p." title="Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biologia Centrali-Americana" year="1888">Bates 1888: 315</bibRefCitation>
(Mexico - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFBE2FD813446F8F6" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[1130,1338,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFBE2FD813446F8F6" box="[1130,1338,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFADBFD813045F8D6" author="Arrow, G. J." bookContentInfo="124 p." editor="S. Schenkling" journalOrPublisher="Junk; The Hague, Netherlands" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="3 - 124" refId="ref192146" refString="Arrow, G. J. 1937 b. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. p. 3 - 124. In: S. Schenkling. Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 156. W. Junk; The Hague, Netherlands. 124 p." title="Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 156. W" year="1937">Arrow 1937b: 37</bibRefCitation>
, 38 (Haiti - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFE66FC613278F8D6" box="[494,772,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFE66FC613278F8D6" box="[494,772,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Mexico - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFC2CFC61350EF8D6" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[932,1138,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFC2CFC61350EF8D6" box="[932,1138,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFB02FC6034DCF8D6" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[1162,1440,1806,1830]" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="189 - 341" part="185" refId="ref193872" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185 (2): 189 - 341." title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 254</bibRefCitation>
(Dominican Republic - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFD80FC41325DF8B6" box="[520,801,1838,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFD80FC41325DF8B6" box="[520,801,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Mexico - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFC45FC4135E2F8B6" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[973,1182,1838,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFC45FC4135E2F8B6" box="[973,1182,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF18FF3EFB31FC4034DCF8B6" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1209,1440,1838,1862]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 145" part="37" refId="ref200804" refString="Endrodi, S. 1969 a. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini. Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden 37 (1): 1 - 145." title="Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini" type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969a: 74</bibRefCitation>
(Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF3EFACAFC2133D2F876" authority="bituberculatus" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFACAFC2134DCF896" box="[1346,1440,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFF41FC01304BF876" box="[201,311,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFECEFC0033D2F876" box="[326,686,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">bituberculatus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF18FF39FB8DFC01304DFF01" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="212" lastPageNumber="211" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="maximus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFB8DFC01351FF876" box="[1029,1123,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF3EFBFAFC01359CF876" box="[1138,1248,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF18FF39FB67FC00304DFF01" italics="true" lastPageId="212" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="211" pageNumber="210">bituberculatus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 1985a: 263 (Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FED7FB9432B4FEE1" authority="bituberculatus" box="[351,968,249,274]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FED7FB9430C2FEE1" box="[351,446,250,273]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FE5AFB94333DFEE1" box="[466,577,250,273]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FDDEFB9732B4FEE1" box="[598,968,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">bituberculatus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FAC9FB94330DFEC1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="maximus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FAC9FB9434DCFEE1" box="[1345,1440,250,273]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FF41FA74304BFEC1" box="[201,311,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FEC0FA77330DFEC1" box="[328,625,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">bituberculatus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FD02FA773294FEC1" author="Escalona, H. E. &amp; L. J. Joly" box="[650,1000,281,305]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="111 - 137" part="39" refId="ref201573" refString="Escalona, H. E., and L. J. Joly. 2006. El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 39: 111 - 137." title="El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini)" type="journal article" year="2006">Escalona and Joly 2006: 126</bibRefCitation>
(Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago - as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FCC2FA5434ECFEA1" authority="bituberculatus" box="[842,1424,313,338]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bituberculatus" subGenus="Tomarus" subSpecies="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FCC2FA5432DAFEA1" box="[842,934,314,337]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FC3CFA54355DFEA1" box="[948,1057,314,337]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Tomarus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FBA7FA5734ECFEA1" box="[1071,1424,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">bituberculatus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FF48FA373022FE82" author="Ponchel" box="[192,350,345,370]" firstAuthor="Ponchel" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="60 - 61" refId="ref220051" refString="Ponchel, Y. 2011. Liste actualisee des Dynastinae de Guyane (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contribution a l'etude des Coleopteres de Guyane 4: 60 - 61. [Supplement au Bulletin de liaison d'ACOREP-France &quot; Le Coleopteriste &quot;]." type="journal article" year="2011">Ponchel 2011</bibRefCitation>
(not mentioned);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FDA6FA3432F9FE82" author="Lopez-Garcia" box="[558,901,345,370]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lopez-Garcia" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="451 - 492" refId="ref212996" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M., H. J. Gasca-Alvarez, and G. Amat-Garcia. 2015. The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution. Zootaxa 4048 (4): 451 - 492." type="journal article" year="2015">López-García et al. 2015: 477</bibRefCitation>
(Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago), 2016: 501 (Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago);
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FE50FAD733FDFE21" author="Dupuis, F." box="[472,641,441,465]" journalOrPublisher="Contribution a l'etude des coleopteres de Guyane" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="101 - 111" part="10" refId="ref199700" refString="Dupuis, F. 2016 b. Contribution a la connaissance des Dynastidae de Guyane. Modifications nomen- claturales, signalements nouveaux et actualisation de la liste des especes. Contribution a l'etude des coleopteres de Guyane 10: 101 - 111. [Supplement au Bulletin de liaison d'ACOREP-France &quot; Le Coleopteriste &quot;]." title="Contribution a la connaissance des Dynastidae de Guyane. Modifications nomen- claturales, signalements nouveaux et actualisation de la liste des especes" type="journal article" year="2016">Dupuis 2016b</bibRefCitation>
(not mentioned).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC14E0AFF1FFF39FF48FA8F35C7FCA9" blockId="212.[192,1440,481,858]" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FF48FA8F3060FE09" bold="true" box="[192,284,481,505]" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Note 1.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FEA9FA8F33EDFE0A" author="Palisot de Beauvois" box="[289,657,481,506]" firstAuthor="Palisot de Beauvois" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="101 - 120" refId="ref218808" refString="Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J. 1811. Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique, dans les royaumes d'Oware et de Benin, a Saint Domingue et dans les Etats-Unis, pendant les annees 1786 - 1797. Levrault, Schoel et Cie; Paris. Livraison 7: 101 - 120." type="journal article" year="1811">Palisot de Beauvois (1811: 103)</bibRefCitation>
describes
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FC83FA8C3557FE09" baseAuthorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[779,1067,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FC83FA8C3557FE09" box="[779,1067,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Tomarus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FBD1FA8F34EBFE09" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1811" box="[1113,1431,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FBD1FA8F34EBFE09" box="[1113,1431,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Scarabaeus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from “
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FE82F96F30AAFDE9" box="[266,470,513,537]" name="Haiti" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Saint-Domingue</collectingCountry>
.” There are several definitions of the topographical name “Saint Domingue,” but on the title page of this publication there is a reference to an affiliation of Palisot de Beauvois as “Membre de la Société des Sciences et Arts du Cap-Français, de
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FCD5F92F355AFDA9" box="[861,1062,577,601]" name="Haiti" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Saint-Domingue</collectingCountry>
” (Member of the Society of the Sciences and Arts of Cap-Français, of
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FD1CF90F321DFD89" box="[660,865,609,633]" name="Haiti" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Saint-Domingue</collectingCountry>
). Cap-Français is an old name for Cap-Haïtien (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FF40F9EF30EDFD69" author="Arbell, M." bookContentInfo="592 p." box="[200,401,641,666]" editor="P. Bernardini &amp; N. Fiering" journalOrPublisher="Berghahn Books; New York, NY, U. S. A and Oxford, U. K" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" refId="ref191095" refString="Arbell, M. 2001. Jewish settlements in the French colonies in the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Cayenne) and the &quot; black code &quot;. p. 287 - 313. In: P. Bernardini and N. Fiering (eds.). The Jews and the expansion of Europe to the west, 1450 to 1800. Berghahn Books; New York, NY, U. S. A and Oxford, U. K. 592 p." title="Jewish settlements in the French colonies in the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Cayenne) and the &quot; black code" type="book" volumeTitle="The Jews and the expansion of Europe to the west, 1450 to 1800" year="2001">Arbell 2001: 305</bibRefCitation>
), which is a city in northern
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FD6DF9EF3254FD69" box="[741,808,641,665]" name="Haiti" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Haiti</collectingCountry>
. As such, it may be assumed that in this publication, “
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FF43F9CF30EFFD49" box="[203,403,673,697]" name="Haiti" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Saint-Domingue</collectingCountry>
” refers to the previous colony with that name, which is roughly equal to present-day
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FF48F9AF307FFD29" box="[192,259,705,729]" name="Haiti" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Haiti</collectingCountry>
. We interpret it as such. The reference to
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FC80F9AF32ADFD29" box="[776,977,705,729]" name="Haiti" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Saint-Domingue</collectingCountry>
is copied by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FBE6F9AC3436FD2A" author="Arrow, G. J." bookContentInfo="124 p." box="[1134,1354,705,730]" editor="S. Schenkling" journalOrPublisher="Junk; The Hague, Netherlands" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="3 - 124" refId="ref192146" refString="Arrow, G. J. 1937 b. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. p. 3 - 124. In: S. Schenkling. Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 156. W. Junk; The Hague, Netherlands. 124 p." title="Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 156. W" year="1937">Arrow (1937b: 37)</bibRefCitation>
(as St. Domingo) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FEFAF98F33E4FD09" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[370,664,737,762]" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="189 - 341" part="185" refId="ref193872" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185 (2): 189 - 341." title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder (1944: 254)</bibRefCitation>
(as R. Dominicana, although
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FB88F98F35CFFD09" box="[1024,1203,737,761]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
Republic forms the other part of the island of Hispaniola). According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FCC4F86F35BEFCEA" author="Ratcliffe and Cave" box="[844,1218,769,794]" firstAuthor="Ratcliffe" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref222299" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C., and R. D. Cave. 2015. The dynastine scarab beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 28: 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="2015">Ratcliffe and Cave (2015: 291)</bibRefCitation>
these records are incorrect, as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FED2F84C3354FCC9" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1811" box="[346,552,801,825]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FED2F84C3354FCC9" box="[346,552,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">T. bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Central and South American species which does not occur in the West Indies. It may thus be assumed that Palisot de Beauvois specimen was mislabeled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC14E0AFF1FFF39FF48F80735EFFBB1" blockId="212.[192,1440,873,1089]" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FF48F807305CFC71" bold="true" box="[192,288,873,897]" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Note 2.</emphasis>
The only record of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FD9AF8043246FC71" baseAuthorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[530,826,873,897]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FD9AF8043246FC71" box="[530,826,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Tomarus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FCE5F80432B2FC72" box="[877,974,874,898]" name="Guyana" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Guyana</collectingCountry>
that we are aware of is that of H. W.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FF48F8E430EBFC51" author="Bates, H. W." bookContentInfo="432 p." box="[192,407,905,930]" journalOrPublisher="Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="161 - 336" refId="ref193515" refString="Bates, H. W. 1888. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. p. 161 - 336. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin; London. 432 p." title="Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biologia Centrali-Americana" year="1888">Bates (1888: 315)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E3589FF1FFF39FE44F8E433E0FC51" authorityName="H. W. Bates" authorityYear="1888" box="[460,668,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifovea">
<emphasis id="B90A9218FF1FFF39FE44F8E433E0FC51" box="[460,668,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Ligyrus latifovea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FD47F8E43232FC52" box="[719,846,906,930]" name="Guyana" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Demerara</collectingCountry>
), which is copied in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FBC2F8E73408FC51" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[1098,1396,905,930]" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="189 - 341" part="185" refId="ref193872" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185 (2): 189 - 341." title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder (1944: 254)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FF48F8C73063FC31" box="[192,287,937,961]" name="Guyana" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Guiana</collectingCountry>
). We have found no records for
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FD1CF8C7326CFC31" box="[660,784,937,961]" name="Suriname" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Suriname</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FC92F8C43572FC32" author="Duranton, M." box="[794,1038,938,962]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopteres, numero special" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 31" part="1" refId="ref200092" refString="Duranton, M. 2011. Chorologie et ecologie des dynastides de Guyane francaise. Coleopteres, numero special 1: 1 - 31." title="Chorologie et ecologie des dynastides de Guyane francaise" type="journal article" year="2011">Duranton (2011: 20)</bibRefCitation>
mentions a single specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FF48F8A73000FC11" box="[192,380,969,993]" name="French Guiana" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
, but states that its presence there needs confrmation. There are, however, also records from
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FE8CF8873033FBF1" box="[260,335,1001,1025]" name="Brazil" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Brazil</collectingCountry>
north of the Amazon in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FD01F88732FCFBF2" author="Endrodi, S." box="[649,896,1001,1026]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 145" part="37" refId="ref200804" refString="Endrodi, S. 1969 a. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini. Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden 37 (1): 1 - 145." title="Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). 1. Amerikanische Pentodontini" type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969a: 74)</bibRefCitation>
and from
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FB8EF88735F9FBF1" box="[1030,1157,1001,1025]" name="Venezuela" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
east of the Orinoco in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF33FBFF1FFF39FF48FF673353FBD1" author="Escalona, H. E. &amp; L. J. Joly" box="[192,559,1033,1057]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="212" pageNumber="211" pagination="111 - 137" part="39" refId="ref201573" refString="Escalona, H. E., and L. J. Joly. 2006. El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 39: 111 - 137." title="El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini)" type="journal article" year="2006">Escalona and Joly (2006: 126)</bibRefCitation>
. The records from
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FC99FF6732B6FBD1" box="[785,970,1033,1057]" name="French Guiana" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3690E9AFF1FFF39FB8EFF64351BFBD2" box="[1030,1127,1034,1058]" name="Guyana" pageId="212" pageNumber="211">Guyana</collectingCountry>
may thus well be correct, but for now the presence of this species in the Guianas remains to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>