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<document id="A7312D86DED36FD4930BB214DEA46C3A" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212344" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718994420665" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Park, Travis &amp; Fitzgerald, Erich M. G." docDate="2012" docId="03CEBC7DFFBD5A7C8D26C48EFBB1F8DD" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.69.309-325.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Tasidyptes hunteri Van Tets and O'Connor 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="320" masterDocId="FFF7C405FFB65A778E17C723FFC7FFB2" masterDocTitle="A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)" masterLastPageNumber="325" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="320" updateTime="1719008669388" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5FF2CC9E84D7C22422E70326771B2E5F">A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA2DBD7485EE6ABAD8628097AB9CF3D9">Park, Travis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B874A376C0180CAB15BC3DFCFBFD1E14">Fitzgerald, Erich M. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8F556166EDBD483AD7B73BE8F2E2A568">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4F2B3D3A11ED3E205992B5687EF1DDC1">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CEBC7DFFBD5A7C8D26C48EFBB1F8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBD5A7C8D26C48EFBB1F8DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEBC7DFFBD5A7C8D26C48EFBB1F8DD" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBD5A7C8D26C48EFAE4FC70" box="[817,1315,941,963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C48EFAE4FC70" blockId="11.[817,1315,941,963]" box="[817,1315,941,963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<heading id="D090BA07FFBD5A7C8D26C48EFAE4FC70" box="[817,1315,941,963]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8D26C48EFAE4FC70" authority="Van Tets and O'Connor, 1983" authorityName="Van Tets and O'Connor" authorityYear="1983" box="[817,1315,941,963]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Tasidyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hunteri">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C48EFC34FC71" bold="true" box="[817,1011,941,963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Tasidyptes hunteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8DEEC48DFAE4FC70" author="Van Tets, G. F. &amp; O'Connor, S." box="[1017,1315,941,963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref12037" refString="Van Tets, G. F., and O'Connor, S. 1983. The Hunter Island penguin, an extinct new genus and species from a Tasmanian midden. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum 81: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1983">Van Tets and O’Connor, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBD5A7C8D26C4F8FBB1F8DD" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C4F8FA45FC42" blockId="11.[817,1410,987,1009]" box="[817,1410,987,1009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBD5A7C8D26C4F8FA45FC42" box="[817,1410,987,1009]" collectionCode="ANWC" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BS2670" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C4F8FC52FC42" box="[817,917,987,1008]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8D26C4F8FC56FC42" box="[817,913,987,1008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Pelvis in three parts (
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8A66C4F8FB78FC42" box="[1137,1215,987,1008]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">ANWC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBD5A7C8AD2C4F8FAD2FC43" box="[1221,1301,987,1009]" collectionCode="ANWC" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">BS2670</specimenCode>
) (
<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBD5A7C8B3EC4F8FAB1FC42" box="[1321,1398,987,1009]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C32AFBA7FB8E" blockId="11.[817,1448,1032,1084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C32AFC78FBAF" box="[817,959,1032,1054]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBD5A7C8DDEC32BFB9BFB8E" latitude="-40.533333" location="Hunter Island" longLatPrecision="1162" longitude="144.75" municipality="Stockyard Site" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC9711FFBD5A7C8DDEC32BFBA5FBAC" box="[969,1122,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Stockyard Site</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EB85BB0FFBD5A7C8A67C32AFAC6FBAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBD5A7C8D26C48EFBB1F8DD:8EB85BB0FFBD5A7C8A67C32AFAC6FBAC" box="[1136,1281,1032,1054]" latitude="-40.533333" longLatPrecision="1162" longitude="144.75" municipality="Stockyard Site" name="Hunter Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" stateProvince="Tasmania">Hunter Island</location>
,
<quantity id="4C9FA08EFFBD5A7C8B18C32BFA80FBAC" box="[1295,1351,1032,1054]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
north of
<collectingRegion id="49A3C389FFBD5A7C8D26C305FC55FB8E" box="[817,914,1062,1084]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBD5A7C8DB7C304FC28FB8E" box="[928,1007,1063,1084]" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" precision="925" value="-40.533333">40°32'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBD5A7C8DEEC305FB92FB8E" box="[1017,1109,1062,1084]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" precision="925" value="144.75">144°45'E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C377FA5DFB3A" blockId="11.[817,1449,1108,1160]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C377FC2BFBDB" box="[817,1004,1108,1129]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Horizon and age.</emphasis>
Material found in an aboriginal midden. Carbon dating resulted in an age of 760 ± 70 ybp (Holocene).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C383FB8FFAA2" blockId="11.[817,1448,1184,1296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C383FC31FB07" box="[817,1014,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Referred material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBD5A7C8A03C383FB4DFB66" collectionCode="ANWC" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BS2668" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
The
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8A43C383FB6BFB07" box="[1108,1196,1184,1205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen is a left tarsometatarsus (
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8DCAC39DFBECFB61" box="[989,1067,1214,1235]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">ANWC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBD5A7C8A26C39DFB43FB66" box="[1073,1156,1214,1236]" collectionCode="ANWC" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">BS2668</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBD5A7C8A83C39DFB21FB40" collectionCode="ANWC" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BS2667" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
Also referred to the species are a juvenile synsacrum (
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8A2EC3FFFB40FB43" box="[1081,1159,1244,1265]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">ANWC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBD5A7C8A99C3FFFB18FB40" box="[1166,1247,1244,1266]" collectionCode="ANWC" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">BS2667</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBD5A7C8AFBC3FFFC22FAA2" collectionCode="ANWC" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BS2669" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
and a left coracoid (
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8D2FC3D8FC41FAA2" box="[824,902,1275,1296]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">ANWC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBD5A7C8D9BC3D9FC18FAA2" box="[908,991,1274,1296]" collectionCode="ANWC" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34932" name="Australian National Wildlife Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">BS2669</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. (
<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBD5A7C8DE2C3D9FB85FAA2" box="[1013,1090,1274,1296]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C20AFAF7FA41" blockId="11.[817,1449,1320,1524]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C20AFC50FA8C" box="[817,919,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8A30C20BFB57FA8F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1856" box="[1063,1168,1320,1341]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Eudyptula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8A30C20BFB57FA8F" box="[1063,1168,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Eudyptula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8AA8C20BFAFEFA8F" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1880" box="[1215,1337,1320,1341]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Megadyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8AA8C20BFAFEFA8F" box="[1215,1337,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Megadyptes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having: a caudal part of the synsacrum with relatively broader fused vertebrae and long slender lateral processes; and the lateral foramen vasculare proximale situated more distal than the medial foramen vasculare proximale on the plantar surface of the tarsometatarsus. However, this character is not clear from the figure in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8DA5C2FDFB27FA41" author="Van Tets, G. F. &amp; O'Connor, S." box="[946,1248,1502,1524]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref12037" refString="Van Tets, G. F., and O'Connor, S. 1983. The Hunter Island penguin, an extinct new genus and species from a Tasmanian midden. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum 81: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1983">Van Tets and O’Connor (1983</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBD5A7C8AFDC2FDFAE3FA41" box="[1258,1316,1502,1524]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[147,206,1017,1036]" captionTargetBox="[280,1309,227,995]" captionTargetId="figure-7@7.[277,1317,227,1001]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Pachydyptes simpsoni holotype, SAM P14157: A, right radius in ventral view, left carpometacarpus and left phalanx II-1 in dorsal view; B, head of right humerus in dorsal view; C, left coracoid in dorsal view; D,?twelfth cervical vertebra in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212352/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C128FBB1F8DD" blockId="11.[817,1449,1547,1903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C128FC4EF992" box="[817,905,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Remarks</emphasis>
. This taxon is no longer considered valid due to the fragmentary nature of the fossils, the fact that the coracoid and tarsometatarsus are indistinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8AE4C16BFA97F9EF" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[1267,1360,1608,1629]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Eudyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8AE4C16BFA97F9EF" box="[1267,1360,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Eudyptes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the fact that the
<specimenCount id="9D61C6E2FFBD5A7C8DD9C145FBB5F9CE" box="[974,1138,1638,1660]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
come from three different stratigraphic layers of the midden (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8AB1C1A6FCA3F90A" author="Van Tets, G. F. &amp; O'Connor, S." pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref12037" refString="Van Tets, G. F., and O'Connor, S. 1983. The Hunter Island penguin, an extinct new genus and species from a Tasmanian midden. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum 81: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1983">Van Tets and O’Connor, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8D64C180FBB8F90A" author="Fordyce, R. E. &amp; Jones, C. M." box="[883,1151,1699,1721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" refId="ref9569" refString="Fordyce, R. E., and Jones, C. M. 1990. Penguin history and new fossil material from New Zealand. Pp. 419 - 446 in Davis L. S., and Darby, J. T. (eds), Penguin Biology. Academic Press: San Diego. 467 pp." type="book" year="1990">Fordyce and Jones, 1990</bibRefCitation>
; Ksepka and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8B01C180FA59F90A" author="Clarke, J. A. &amp; Ksepka, D. T. &amp; Salas-Gismondi, R. &amp; Altamirano, A. J. &amp; Shawkey, M. D. &amp; D'Alba, L. &amp; Vinther, J. &amp; DeVries, T. J. &amp; Baby, P." box="[1302,1438,1699,1721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
). However, Ksepka and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8A05C1E2FB5BF964" author="Clarke, J. A. &amp; Ksepka, D. T. &amp; Salas-Gismondi, R. &amp; Altamirano, A. J. &amp; Shawkey, M. D. &amp; D'Alba, L. &amp; Vinther, J. &amp; DeVries, T. J. &amp; Baby, P." box="[1042,1180,1729,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke (2010)</bibRefCitation>
note that due to the young age of the specimens, DNA testing to confirm their identity may well be possible.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8A05C1DDFAF9F8A1" author="Ksepka, D. T. &amp; Ando, T." box="[1042,1342,1790,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" refId="ref10411" refString="Ksepka, D. T., and Ando, T. 2011. Penguins Past, Present, and Future: Trends in the Evolution of the Sphenisciformes. Pp. 155 - 186 in Dyke, G., and Kaiser, G. (eds), Living Dinosaurs. The Evolutionary History of Modern Birds. Wiley-Blackwell: West Sussex. 422 pp." type="book" year="2011">Ksepka and Ando (2011: 178)</bibRefCitation>
also draw attention to the synsacrum stating that the long slender lateral processes may be “a possible diagnostic character, certainly in need of quantitative evaluation”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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