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<document id="FD859F26838D20B1572E5B17A17E167F" ID-CLB-Dataset="3616" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5061.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b7d66df-755c-4a1a-b925-3c71e1e8fab4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642287" ID-ZooBank="EFE2D12B-3F02-4831-A913-DEFE1F9A0C92" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1635922809189" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chagas, Cléslei &amp; Cavalcanti, Fernanda F." docDate="2021" docId="03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5061.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5061 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amphoriscus pedunculatus Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFF7D75BA464FF83FFA1E823F22AFF90" masterDocTitle="Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1699467561842" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="48D5A642857B2B85C092AEAD3FA90680">Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D7FB940C430AE1F183EF7DFF1EB6F83">Chagas, Cléslei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BBE0650A493F28A7E076707697C083D1">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s / n, Ondina, Salvador / Bahia, Brazil. 40170 - 115.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1FD33F3BBCE04835BA6BB8AF0D70A632">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2B8B04528FB55583FCECF4069DE3D1B">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s / n, Ondina, Salvador / Bahia, Brazil. 40170 - 115. &amp; fernanda. porifera @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1619 - 0860</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="298CB2A12C01B07AEA79952A60B35CE9">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5699145" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190305807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5699145" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA468FF8FFF3CEBD5F1FEFB80" box="[157,980,1014,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A468FF8FFF3CEBD5F1FEFB80" ID-CoL="66HCK" authority="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic, 2017" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[157,980,1014,1041]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFF3CEBD5F1FEFB80" bold="true" box="[157,980,1014,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFF3CEBD5F3C2FB81" bold="true" box="[157,488,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Amphoriscus pedunculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A468FF8FFE4EEBD4F1FEFB80" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R." box="[495,980,1014,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref17023" refString="Klautau, M., Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R. (2017) The new sponge species Amphoriscus pedunculatus (Porifera, Calcarea). Zootaxa, 4341 (1), 105 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4341.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA468FF8FFF36EC18F70DFBE2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A468FF8FFF36EC18F116FBC3" ID-CoL="66HCK" authority="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic, 2017" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,828,1083,1107]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFF36EC18F383FBC3" box="[151,425,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Amphoriscus pedunculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A468FF8FFE0EEC18F116FBC3" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R." box="[431,828,1083,1107]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref17023" refString="Klautau, M., Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R. (2017) The new sponge species Amphoriscus pedunculatus (Porifera, Calcarea). Zootaxa, 4341 (1), 105 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4341.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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Citations:
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A468FF8FFEA1EC79F1FFFBE2" ID-CoL="66HCK" authority="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic 2017: 105" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="2017" box="[256,981,1114,1138]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFEA1EC79F038FBE2" box="[256,530,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Amphoriscus pedunculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A468FF8FFDB9EC79F1FFFBE2" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R." box="[536,981,1114,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref17023" refString="Klautau, M., Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R. (2017) The new sponge species Amphoriscus pedunculatus (Porifera, Calcarea). Zootaxa, 4341 (1), 105 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4341.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic 2017: 105</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A468FF8FFC7EEC79F70EFBE2" author="Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Azevedo, F. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooker, Y. &amp; Willenz, P. &amp; Klautau, M." box="[991,1316,1114,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref16433" refString="Condor-Lujan, B., Azevedo, F., Hajdu, E., Hooker, Y., Willenz, P. &amp; Klautau, M. (2019) Tropical Eastern Pacific Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcaronea: Leucosolenida) from the Peruvian coast. Marine Biodiversity, 49 (4), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 00946 - y" type="journal article" year="2019">
Cóndor-Luján
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFBD4EC78F682FBE2" box="[1141,1192,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 1825
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.
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<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFF36EC83F362FB2A" bold="true" box="[151,328,1184,1210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Type material:</emphasis>
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depth
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UFRJPOR 5803 (
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).
<location id="8EB848EEA468FF8FFEBAECCBF03EFA92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A:8EB848EEA468FF8FFEBAECCBF03EFA92" box="[283,532,1256,1283]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.7755" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.231888" municipality="Sao Sebastiao" name="Saco da Ponta Grossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Saco da Ponta Grossa</location>
,
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(
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depth
</elevation>
;
<collectorName id="26927BE3A468FF8FFF45ED2EF3B9FAB6" box="[228,403,1292,1319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">F. F. Cavalcanti</collectorName>
&amp;
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<collectorName id="26927BE3A468FF8FFE75ED2FF009FAB6" box="[468,547,1292,1318]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Padula</collectorName>
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<collectingDate id="EF9DC11DA468FF8FFD8EED2FF122FAB6" box="[559,776,1292,1318]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" value="2008-12-03">03 December 2008</collectingDate>
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.
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locality:
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA468FF8FFDB6ED13F09CFADA" box="[535,694,1328,1354]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">São Sebastião</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A468FF8FFD60ED13F15EFADA" box="[705,884,1328,1354]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A468FF8FFCDEED13F1EDFADA" box="[895,967,1328,1354]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A468FF8FFF66ED77F0C0F91E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1184,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFF66ED77F387FAFE" bold="true" box="[199,429,1364,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Analysed material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A468FF8FFE17ED77F0A2FA6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666303" collectingDate="2008-12-04" collectionCode="V" collectorName="F. F. Cavalcanti &amp; Padula" country="Brazil" elevation="9" latitude="-23.813305" location="Serraria Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.22889" municipality="Sao Sebastiao" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
UFRJPOR 5802 (
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A468FF8FFDDEED77F0CCFAFE" box="[639,742,1364,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; specimen and slides containing sections of the skeleton and dissociated spicules). UFRJPOR 5803 (
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A468FF8FFDC4ED5BF0E1FA02" box="[613,715,1400,1426]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
; specimen and slides containing sections of the skeleton and dissociated spicules). UFRJPOR 5801 (specimen and slides containing sections of the skeleton and dissociated spicules),
<location id="8EB848EEA468FF8FFEADEDE3F39CFA4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A:8EB848EEA468FF8FFEADEDE3F39CFA4A" box="[268,438,1472,1498]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.813305" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.22889" municipality="Sao Sebastiao" name="Serraria Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Serraria Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA468FF8FFE64EDE3F04DFA4A" box="[453,615,1472,1498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">São Sebastião</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A468FF8FFDD7EDE3F0C7FA4A" box="[630,749,1472,1498]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A468FF8FFD5AEDE3F115FA4A" box="[763,831,1472,1498]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
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–
<geoCoordinate id="EE5378F2A468FF8FFBAEEDE3F6E0FA4A" box="[1039,1226,1472,1499]" degrees="45" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" precision="1" seconds="44.0" value="-45.22889">45° 13’ 44.0”W</geoCoordinate>
);
<elevation id="004AF906A468FF8FFB41EDE3F771FA4A" box="[1248,1371,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="9.0">
<quantity id="4C9FB3D0A468FF8FFB41EDE3F725FA4B" box="[1248,1295,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
;
<collectorName id="26927BE3A468FF8FFAC8EDE2F325FA6E" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">F. F. Cavalcanti</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED7686F0A468FF8FFE92EDC6F36DFA6F" box="[307,327,1509,1535]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26927BE3A468FF8FFEF2EDC7F388FA6E" box="[339,418,1508,1534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Padula</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD938F5A468FF8FFE0CEDC7F0A2FA6E" box="[429,648,1508,1534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" value="2008-12-04">
<collectingDate id="EF9DC11DA468FF8FFE0CEDC7F0A2FA6E" box="[429,648,1508,1534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" value="2008-12-04">04 December 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A468FF8FFD33EDC6F13BF9D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666301" collectingDate="2002-05-03" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="M. Custodio &amp; C. Santos" country="Brazil" elevation="12" latitude="-24.1" location="Alcatrazes Archipelago" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.683308" municipality="Sao Sebastiao" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="MNRJ 5818" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA468FF8FFD33EDC6F137FA6F" box="[658,797,1508,1535]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">MNRJ 5818</specimenCode>
(specimen and slides containing sections of the skeleton and dissociated spicules).
<location id="8EB848EEA468FF8FFE1BEE2BF0E9F9B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A:8EB848EEA468FF8FFE1BEE2BF0E9F9B2" box="[442,707,1544,1570]" country="Brazil" latitude="-24.1" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.683308" municipality="Sao Sebastiao" name="Alcatrazes Archipelago" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Alcatrazes Archipelago</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA468FF8FFD6FEE2BF147F9B2" box="[718,877,1544,1570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">São Sebastião</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A468FF8FFCD9EE2BF1C6F9B2" box="[888,1004,1544,1570]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A468FF8FFC56EE2BF611F9B2" box="[1015,1083,1544,1570]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5378F2A468FF8FFBEAEE2BF6DDF9B3" box="[1099,1271,1544,1571]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" precision="1" seconds="00.0" value="-24.1">24° 06’ 00.0” S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE5378F2A468FF8FFAA6EE2BF29CF9D7" degrees="45" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" precision="1" seconds="59.9" value="-45.683308">45° 40’ 59.9” W</geoCoordinate>
);
<elevation id="004AF906A468FF8FFF68EE0FF363F9D6" box="[201,329,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="12.0">
<quantity id="4C9FB3D0A468FF8FFF68EE0FF32BF9D7" box="[201,257,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
;
<collectorName id="26927BE3A468FF8FFEF5EE0EF3F5F9D6" box="[340,479,1580,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">M. Custódio</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26927BE3A468FF8FFDA3EE0FF045F9D6" box="[514,623,1580,1606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">C. Santos</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD938F5A468FF8FFDDBEE0FF13BF9D6" box="[634,785,1580,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" value="2002-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EF9DC11DA468FF8FFDDBEE0FF13BF9D6" box="[634,785,1580,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" value="2002-05-03">03 May 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A468FF8FFCBAEE0FF0CCF91E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666317" collectingDate="1988-03-17" collectorName="G. Muricy" country="Brazil" elevation="1" latitude="-23.00639" location="Saco da Saia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.01" municipality="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
UFRJPOR 5776 (specimen and slides containing sections of the skeleton and dissociated spicules),
<location id="8EB848EEA468FF8FFDC2EE73F0D9F9FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A468FF8DFF3CEBD5F0F6F85A:8EB848EEA468FF8FFDC2EE73F0D9F9FA" box="[611,755,1616,1642]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.00639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.01" municipality="Arraial do Cabo" name="Saco da Saia" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Saco da Saia</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA468FF8FFD5DEE73F19BF9FA" box="[764,945,1616,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Arraial do Cabo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A468FF8FFC1DEE73F675F9FA" box="[956,1119,1616,1642]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A468FF8FFBC8EE73F687F9FA" box="[1129,1197,1616,1642]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5378F2A468FF8FFB1DEE73F74FF9FA" box="[1212,1381,1616,1642]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" precision="1" seconds="23.0" value="-23.00639">23° 00’ 23.0” S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE5378F2A468FF8FFAD4EE73F30EF91F" degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" precision="1" seconds="36.0" value="-42.01">42° 00’ 36.0” W</geoCoordinate>
);
<elevation id="004AF906A468FF8FFE99EE57F386F91E" box="[312,428,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity id="4C9FB3D0A468FF8FFE99EE57F349F91F" box="[312,355,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
;
<collectorName id="26927BE3A468FF8FFE16EE57F007F91E" box="[439,557,1652,1678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">G. Muricy</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD938F5A468FF8FFD96EE57F0CCF91E" box="[567,742,1652,1678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" value="1988-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EF9DC11DA468FF8FFD96EE57F0CCF91E" box="[567,742,1652,1678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" value="1988-03-17">17 March 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A468FF8FFF66EEBBF32EF8D2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1184,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFF66EEBBF34EF922" bold="true" box="[199,356,1688,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Morphology:</emphasis>
The specimens are similar in size and shape, with tubular shape and apical osculum surrounded by a delicate fringe of trichoxeas (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A468FF8FFDAFEE9FF04CF946" box="[526,614,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). The peduncle is white in live specimens and brownish/orange in ethanolpreserved specimens, but the peduncle is brownish/orange. The surface is slightly hispid due to the trichoxeas of the cortical region. The atrial cavity is hispid and fills the entire body of the specimens. The aquiferous system is syconoid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A468FF8FFF66EF6FF03CF867" blockId="12.[151,1437,1184,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B913C227A468FF8FFF66EF6FF315F8F6" bold="true" box="[199,319,1868,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Anatomy:</emphasis>
The cortical region has several broken spicules. It is mostly formed by giant tetractines with long apical actines. Triactines are also present, but they are less abundant (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A468FF8FFC63EF53F647F81A" box="[962,1133,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7B and C</figureCitation>
). Trichoxeas are abundant throughout the entire cortex (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A468FF8FFE41EFB7F013F83F" box="[480,569,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) and may reach the choanosome (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A468FF8FFC18EFB7F63AF83F" box="[953,1040,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). The subatrial region is comprised exclusively of triactines. They vary in size, but the unpaired actine is always long (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A468FF8FFBE3EF9BF6B1F842" box="[1090,1179,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). The atrial skeleton is comprised of tetractines (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A468FF8FFE15EFFFF023F867" box="[436,521,2012,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF184EBDA469FF8EFF36EE71F654F922" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" startId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" targetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A469FF8EFF36EE71F654F922" blockId="13.[151,1436,1618,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFF36EE71F33DF9FA" bold="true" box="[151,279,1618,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A469FF8EFE83EE71F012F9FA" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[290,568,1618,1642]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFE83EE71F012F9FA" box="[290,568,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Amphoriscus pedunculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802).
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFC0FEE71F1F0F9FA" bold="true" box="[942,986,1618,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">A—</emphasis>
Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803).
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFF7EEE55F323F91E" bold="true" box="[223,265,1654,1678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">B—</emphasis>
Section of the cortex.
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFE4BEE55F03CF91E" bold="true" box="[490,534,1654,1678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">C—</emphasis>
Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine.
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFBB2EE55F615F91E" bold="true" box="[1043,1087,1654,1678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">D—</emphasis>
Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow).
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFF51EEB9F330F922" bold="true" box="[240,282,1690,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">E—</emphasis>
Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*).
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFC8BEEB9F179F922" bold="true" box="[810,851,1690,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">F—</emphasis>
Atrial region with tetractines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A469FF8EFF66EEC3F3C4F96A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1760,2038]" box="[199,494,1760,1786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B913C227A469FF8EFF66EEC3F303F96A" bold="true" box="[199,297,1760,1786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C6E52B8EA469FF8EFE99EEC3F3A5F96A" box="[312,399,1760,1786]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,244,150,176]" captionTargetBox="[166,1411,229,1178]" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule measurements of Amphoriscus pedunculatus. (H)—holotype; (P)—paratype; p—paired; u— unpaired; a—apical." pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Table 4</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A469FF8EFE3AEEC3F3F4F96A" box="[411,478,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[155,1432,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Cortical triactine. B—Cortical tetractine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Atrial tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642307/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A469FF8EFF66EF27F704F88F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1760,2038]" box="[199,1326,1796,1823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
Trichoxeas: Very thin, fusiform with sharp tips. Straight or slightly curved. Mostly broken (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A469FF8EFB66EF27F70BF88F" box="[1223,1313,1796,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642303/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A469FF8EFF66EF0BF327F8F6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1760,2038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
Cortical triactines (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A469FF8EFE3DEF0BF3DDF8D2" box="[412,503,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[155,1432,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Cortical triactine. B—Cortical tetractine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Atrial tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642307/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
): Conical with blunt tips. The paired actines are slightly curved. The unpaired actine is straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A469FF8EFF66EF53F0F0F83E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1760,2038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
Cortical tetractines (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A469FF8EFE11EF53F026F81A" box="[432,524,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[155,1432,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Cortical triactine. B—Cortical tetractine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Atrial tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642307/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
): Conical with blunt tips. The paired actines are slightly curved, as well as the unpaired one. The apical actine is straight and long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A469FF8EFF66EF9BF395F866" blockId="13.[151,1437,1760,2038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
Subatrial triactines (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A469FF8EFE0DEF9BF02DF842" box="[428,519,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[155,1432,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Cortical triactine. B—Cortical tetractine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Atrial tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642307/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
): Conical to slightly conical and blunt. Paired actines are short and straight. The unpaired actine is straight.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF184EBDA46AFF8DFF36ECBAF3E0FB45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642307/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" startId="14.[151,250,1177,1201]" targetBox="[156,1426,186,1146]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46AFF8DFF36ECBAF3E0FB45" blockId="14.[151,1436,1177,1238]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFF36ECBAF33BFB21" bold="true" box="[151,273,1177,1201]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46AFF8DFEB6ECBAF00DFB21" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[279,551,1177,1201]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFEB6ECBAF00DFB21" box="[279,551,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Amphoriscus pedunculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype UFRJPOR 5802).
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFCEBECBAF15CFB21" bold="true" box="[842,886,1177,1201]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">A—</emphasis>
Cortical triactine.
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFB8AECB9F67FFB22" bold="true" box="[1067,1109,1178,1202]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">B—</emphasis>
Cortical tetractine.
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFAB4ECBAF76BFB21" bold="true" box="[1301,1345,1177,1201]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">C—</emphasis>
Subatrial triactine.
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFF56EC9DF308FB46" bold="true" box="[247,290,1214,1238]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">D—</emphasis>
Atrial tetractine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46AFF8DFF66ED27F2E0FAF6" blockId="14.[151,1437,1284,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
Atrial tetractines: Slightly conical and sharp. Paired actines are slightly curved and larger or the same size as the apical actine. The unpaired actine is straight and longer than the other actines. The apical actine is straight (
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A46AFF8DFACEED0BF297FAF6" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[155,1432,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Cortical triactine. B—Cortical tetractine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Atrial tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642307/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA46AFF8DFF66ED53F039F8AA" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46AFF8DFF66ED53F39FF95E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1284,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFF66ED53F317FA1A" bold="true" box="[199,317,1392,1418]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46AFF8DFEE2ED53F05AFA1A" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[323,624,1392,1418]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFEE2ED53F05AFA1A" box="[323,624,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Amphoriscus pedunculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently described (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A46AFF8DFC21ED53F673FA1A" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R." box="[896,1113,1392,1418]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref17023" refString="Klautau, M., Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R. (2017) The new sponge species Amphoriscus pedunculatus (Porifera, Calcarea). Zootaxa, 4341 (1), 105 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4341.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">
Klautau
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFC41ED52F63AFA1A" box="[992,1040,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), with an original description in which important taxonomic characters were fully described and illustrated. The redescription provided in the present study differs only with respect to the tips of the spicules: cortical and subatrial spicules are described here as having blunt tips while they were reported as being sharp in the original description. In our opinion, the differentiation between blunt and sharp tips may not always be obvious, but the availability of images (as in
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A46AFF8DFAF2EE23F28FF9AE" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[155,1432,181,1153]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Cortical triactine. B—Cortical tetractine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Atrial tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642307/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Figure 8</figureCitation>
) helps resolve any doubts. Slight differences were also found in the measurements of the cortical tetractines of the
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A46AFF8DFF63EE6BF302F9F2" box="[194,296,1608,1634]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A46AFF8DFE6BEE6BF091F9F2" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R." box="[458,699,1608,1634]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref17023" refString="Klautau, M., Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R. (2017) The new sponge species Amphoriscus pedunculatus (Porifera, Calcarea). Zootaxa, 4341 (1), 105 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4341.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">
Klautau
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFD8AEE6AF074F9F2" box="[555,606,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
, the range observed in the length of the unpaired actine is larger (120.0–
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFF4FEE4FF307F916" box="[238,301,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">238.5</emphasis>
±58.2–350.0 µm) than that obtained here (177.8–
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFCCBEE4FF183F916" box="[874,937,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">182.9</emphasis>
±7.2–188.0 µm). These differences may be related to the existence of several microscopical slides containing dissociated spicules, and the largest spicules may not be evenly distributed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46AFF8DFF66EEFBF039F8AA" blockId="14.[151,1437,1284,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
Among the species with peduncle,
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46AFF8DFDF1EEFBF155F962" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[592,895,1752,1778]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFDF1EEFBF155F962" box="[592,895,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Amphoriscus pedunculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only one with a subatrial skeleton formed exclusively by triactines. The remaining species,
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46AFF8DFD61EEDFF16EF886" authorityName="sensu Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[704,836,1788,1814]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chrysalis">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFD61EEDFF16EF886" box="[704,836,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">A. chrysalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46AFF8DFCF2EEDFF1CDF886" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[851,999,1788,1814]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cyathiscus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFCF2EEDFF14EF886" box="[851,868,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFCD3EEDFF1CDF886" box="[882,999,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">cyathiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46AFF8DFB84EEDFF698F886" authorityName="Triactines" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1061,1202,1788,1814]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="testiparus">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFB84EEDFF61CF886" box="[1061,1078,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFBE5EEDEF698F886" box="[1092,1202,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">testiparus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have both triactines and tetractines or only tetractines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA46AFF8DFF66EF60F0F6F85A" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46AFF8DFF66EF60F198F812" blockId="14.[151,1437,1284,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFF66EF60F349F8CD" bold="true" box="[199,355,1859,1885]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Distribution:</emphasis>
The species seems to be restricted to the southeastern Brazilian coast in São Sebastião (
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46AFF8DFA8AEF67F2E4F812" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
), and Arraial do
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46AFF8DFE28EF4BF3EEF812" box="[393,452,1896,1922]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Cabo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46AFF8DFE72EF4BF098F812" box="[467,690,1896,1922]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Rio de Janeiro state</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A46AFF8DFD69EF4BF18CF812" author="Klautau, M. &amp; Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R." box="[712,934,1896,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref17023" refString="Klautau, M., Cavalcanti, F. F. &amp; Borojevic, R. (2017) The new sponge species Amphoriscus pedunculatus (Porifera, Calcarea). Zootaxa, 4341 (1), 105 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4341.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">
Klautau
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFC8BEF4AF171F812" box="[810,859,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46AFF8DFF66EFA8F0F6F85A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1284,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFF66EFA8F349F835" bold="true" box="[199,355,1931,1957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Distribution:</emphasis>
São Sebastião (
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46AFF8DFD83EFAFF0F3F836" box="[546,729,1932,1958]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
) and Arraial do Cabo (
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46AFF8DFC4EEFAFF6F5F836" box="[1007,1247,1932,1958]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Rio de Janeiro state</collectingRegion>
). Corresponding MEOW: Southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A46AFF8DFE34EF93F3F3F85A" box="[405,473,1968,1994]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A46AFF8DFE49EF93F0FAF85A" author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[488,720,1968,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref17597" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis id="B913C227A46AFF8DFDF4EF92F0ACF85A" box="[597,646,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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