397 lines
57 KiB
XML
397 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="5A84DD689EFB4575BF7CA203FA58301A" ID-CLB-Dataset="3616" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5061.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b7d66df-755c-4a1a-b925-3c71e1e8fab4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642287" ID-ZooBank="EFE2D12B-3F02-4831-A913-DEFE1F9A0C92" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1635922809189" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chagas, Cléslei & Cavalcanti, Fernanda F." docDate="2021" docId="03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5061.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5061 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amphoriscus elongatus Polejaeff 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFF7D75BA464FF83FFA1E823F22AFF90" masterDocTitle="Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1699467561842" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="329B029DAF52719CE708109B5450D320">
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<mods:title id="AAEB90737379BC6539E192BC3FE681CD">Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C42FCD8881D69CF8E70C83D4E0F1348B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4ED075DF03CB21930B4DE3246C7DD3F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D1F7204F9EDE9BECE7A248A0F1D2A79D">Chagas, Cléslei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7BC28676A7DE7F601A34A6BE55122F41">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s / n, Ondina, Salvador / Bahia, Brazil. 40170 - 115.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A53A3C268CACB353372F49ADA3E1C39A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="82E8D9BC5E32CAC803BFA4BA29D5D52C">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4E35F3C36BE104047A09F173933E3745" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1619-0860</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4EAB760EA8A2AA5C48F60378A57DFF38">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s / n, Ondina, Salvador / Bahia, Brazil. 40170 - 115. & fernanda. porifera @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1619 - 0860</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4D7F8755CCED0A8F56CE4BE835279B06" type="email">fernanda.porifera@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="41E99AB005D5A2A7A5C03F66E5EEE1E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8FA85079E87E76C4EB2A96721ADA35D7">
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<mods:date id="F3639F5C2B06331AC7489320F7050452">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EFF35963F093C7189A63D6C50FA8F917">2021-11-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="15B03103F9009EB3E73496E48CA9CA43">5061</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="13AC872A410F45BB11E4AA14502A497F">39</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5699141" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190305809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5699141" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA462FF85FF36EB8DF059FC58" box="[151,627,942,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF36EB8DF059FC58" blockId="6.[151,627,942,969]" box="[151,627,942,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D090A959A462FF85FF36EB8DF059FC58" bold="true" box="[151,627,942,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A462FF85FF36EB8DF059FC58" ID-CoL="D755" authority="Polejaeff, 1883" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,627,942,969]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
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<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF36EB8DF059FC58" bold="true" box="[151,627,942,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF36EB8DF399FC59" bold="true" box="[151,435,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Amphoriscus elongatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A462FF85FE1AEB8DF059FC58" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[443,627,942,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref17300" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA462FF85FF36EBD0F66EFBB9" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF36EBD0F66EFBB9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1011,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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Citations and synonymies:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A462FF85FE06EBD0F179FB9B" ID-CoL="D755" authority="Polejaeff 1883: 48" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1883" box="[423,851,1011,1035]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
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<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FE06EBD0F0B9FB9B" box="[423,659,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Amphoriscus elongatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A462FF85FD39EBD0F179FB9B" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[664,851,1011,1035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref17300" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff 1883: 48</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. iv, fig. 5, pl. v, fig. 4;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A462FF85FBEFEBD0F767FB9B" author="Dendy, A. & Row, R. W. H." box="[1102,1357,1011,1035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref16638" refString="Dendy, A. & Row, R. W. H. (1913) The Classification and Phylogeny of the Calcareous Sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 704 - 813. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1913. tb 06152. x" type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy & Row 1913: 782</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A462FF85FAF7EBD7F305FBBA" author="Burton, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="111 - 147" refId="ref16189" refString="Burton, M. (1956) The sponges of West Africa. Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945 - 1946, Copenhagen, 4, 111 - 147." type="journal article" year="1956">Burton 1956: 117</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A462FF85FE9BEC31F3C5FBBA" author="Burton, M." box="[314,495,1042,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" refId="ref16231" refString="Burton, M. (1963) A revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges: with a Catalogue of the specimens in the British Museum. Order of the trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 693 pp." type="book" year="1963">Burton 1963: 538</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A462FF85FE5BEC31F0D8FBBA" author="Klautau, M. & Cavalcanti, F. F. & Borojevic, R." box="[506,754,1042,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref17023" refString="Klautau, M., Cavalcanti, F. F. & Borojevic, R. (2017) The new sponge species Amphoriscus pedunculatus (Porifera, Calcarea). Zootaxa, 4341 (1), 105 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4341.1.9" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Klautau
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<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FDF1EC30F057FBBA" box="[592,637,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 106
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A462FF85FD5CEC31F614FBBA" author="Condor-Lujan, B. & Azevedo, F. & Hajdu, E. & Hooker, Y. & Willenz, P. & Klautau, M." box="[765,1086,1042,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref16433" refString="Condor-Lujan, B., Azevedo, F., Hajdu, E., Hooker, Y., Willenz, P. & Klautau, M. (2019) Tropical Eastern Pacific Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcaronea: Leucosolenida) from the Peruvian coast. Marine Biodiversity, 49 (4), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 00946 - y" type="journal article" year="2019">
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||
Cóndor-Luján
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||
<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FC33EC30F195FBBA" box="[914,959,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2019: 1825
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA462FF85FF36EC7BF646FAB6" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF36EC7BF000FB06" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF36EC7BF36CFBE2" bold="true" box="[151,326,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A462FF85FEECEC7AF00CFB06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666306" collectingDate="1873-12-27" collectionCode="BMNH" elevation="421" latitude="-46.666668" location="Station" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="37.833332" municipality="Prince Edward Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="BMNH 1884.4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA462FF85FEECEC7AF3DFFBE2" box="[333,501,1112,1139]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">BMNH 1884.4</specimenCode>
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.22.27 (
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||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A462FF85FDE9EC7BF09BFBE3" box="[584,689,1112,1139]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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).
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<location id="8EB848EEA462FF85FD63EC7BF13BFBE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA462FF85FD63EC7BF13BFBE2" box="[706,785,1112,1138]" latitude="-46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="37.833332" municipality="Prince Edward Islands" name="Station" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Station</location>
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145, off
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA462FF85FCD4EC7BF645FBE2" box="[885,1135,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Prince Edward Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5378F2A462FF85FBDFEC7BF6CEFBE2" box="[1150,1252,1112,1138]" degrees="46" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-46.666668">46° 40’ S</geoCoordinate>
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–
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5378F2A462FF85FB54EC7BF775FBE3" box="[1269,1375,1112,1139]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="37.833332">37° 50’ E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="004AF906A462FF85FAD3EC7BF369FB06" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.21" metricValueMax="5.67" metricValueMin="2.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="421.0" valueMax="567.0" valueMin="275.0">
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<quantity id="4C9FB3D0A462FF85FAD3EC7BF2D1FB07" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.21" metricValueMax="5.67" metricValueMin="2.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="421.0" valueMax="567.0" valueMin="275.0">275 to 567 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<date id="FFD938F5A462FF85FEEFEC5FF00CFB06" box="[334,550,1148,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1873-12-27">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF9DC11DA462FF85FEEFEC5FF00CFB06" box="[334,550,1148,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" value="1873-12-27">27 December 1873</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF66EC83F115FB2A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" box="[199,831,1184,1210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A462FF85FF66EC83F111FB2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666328" box="[199,827,1184,1210]" location="Prince Edward Islands" municipality="Indian Ocean" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF66EC83F343FB2A" bold="true" box="[199,361,1184,1210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="54DCA097A462FF85FF66EC83F328FB2A" box="[199,258,1184,1210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
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||
</emphasis>
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off
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<location id="8EB848EEA462FF85FE36EC83F0BCFB2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA462FF85FE36EC83F0BCFB2A" box="[407,662,1184,1210]" municipality="Indian Ocean" name="Prince Edward Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Prince Edward Islands</location>
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,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA462FF85FD00EC83F111FB2A" box="[673,827,1184,1210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Indian Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF66ECE7F646FAB6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF66ECE7F398FB4E" bold="true" box="[199,434,1220,1246]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Analysed material:</emphasis>
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A462FF85FE1EECE6F328FA93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666318" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="BMNH 1884.4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA462FF85FE1EECE6F045FB4E" box="[447,623,1220,1247]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">BMNH 1884.4</specimenCode>
|
||
.22.27 (
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||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A462FF85FD6BECE7F11BFB4E" box="[714,817,1220,1246]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; specimen and one slide containing sections of the skeleton)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A462FF85FEAFECCAF673FA92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666320" box="[270,1113,1256,1283]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="BMNH 1955.12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA462FF85FEAFECCAF3E0FA93" box="[270,458,1256,1283]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">BMNH 1955.12</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.10 (one slide containing sections of the skeleton) and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A462FF85FBC2ECCAF17FFAB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666308" collectionCode="BMNH" location="Plymouth" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="BMNH 1955.12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Plymouth" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA462FF85FBC2ECCAF70AFA93" box="[1123,1312,1256,1283]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">BMNH 1955.12</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.11 (one slide containing sections of the skeleton), both from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A462FF85FD45ED2FF17FFAB6" box="[740,853,1292,1318]" country="United Kingdom" name="Plymouth" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Plymouth</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
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<collectionCode id="ED7686F0A462FF85FCC1ED2EF15FFAB7" box="[864,885,1293,1319]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.W.H. Row collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA462FF84FF66ED13F104FA65" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF66ED13F36DFA03" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF66ED13F34EFADA" bold="true" box="[199,356,1328,1354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Morphology:</emphasis>
|
||
The colour of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A462FF85FD94ED13F0BDFADA" box="[565,663,1328,1354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in ethanol is white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FCDCED13F1FDFADA" box="[893,983,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Amphoriscus elongatus (holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.27). A—Holotype fixed in ethanol. B—Tangential section of the cortex showing giant tetractines (black arrow) and small sagittal triactines (white arrow). C—General view of a transversal section. D—Detail of a transversal section showing cortical spicules and the inarticulated region.Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642297/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is a fragment with tubular shape and apical osculum, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FB3D0A462FF85FE73ED77F026FAFF" box="[466,524,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FB3D0A462FF85FD8FED77F057FAFF" box="[558,637,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="0.2">0.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
(length x width). The surface is slightly hispid. Syconoid aquiferous system (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FF55ED5BF313FA03" box="[244,313,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF66EDBFF00BF88F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF66EDBFF315FA26" bold="true" box="[199,319,1436,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Anatomy:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A462FF85FEE4EDBFF037F88F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666314" collectionCode="BMNH" county="Additionally" location="Due" municipality="These" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="BMNH 1955.12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Plymouth" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The skeleton is typical of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A462FF85FD73EDBFF14EFA26" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[722,868,1436,1462]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FD73EDBFF14EFA26" box="[722,868,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Amphoriscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the inarticulation is evident (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FB7FEDBFF714FA26" box="[1246,1342,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Amphoriscus elongatus (holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.27). A—Holotype fixed in ethanol. B—Tangential section of the cortex showing giant tetractines (black arrow) and small sagittal triactines (white arrow). C—General view of a transversal section. D—Detail of a transversal section showing cortical spicules and the inarticulated region.Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642297/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Figs. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FAD2EDBFF286FA4B" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cortical region is formed by giant tetractines and small sagittal triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FB9FEDE3F6EFFA4A" box="[1086,1221,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Amphoriscus elongatus (holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.27). A—Holotype fixed in ethanol. B—Tangential section of the cortex showing giant tetractines (black arrow) and small sagittal triactines (white arrow). C—General view of a transversal section. D—Detail of a transversal section showing cortical spicules and the inarticulated region.Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642297/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Figs. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apical actine of these giant tetractines may reach the atrial cavity. All the analysed samples exhibited trichoxeas perforating the cortex without forming tufts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FE4AEE2BF06CF9B3" box="[491,582,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The subatrial region is formed by abundant triactines with long unpaired actine and rare tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FE75EE0FF01BF9D7" box="[468,561,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter are more frequent in the specimens
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA462FF85FBC8EE0EF70CF9D7" box="[1129,1318,1580,1607]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">BMNH 1955.12</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.10 and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA462FF85FF36EE72F37EF9FB" box="[151,340,1616,1643]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">BMNH 1955.12</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.11 but also occur in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A462FF85FD36EE73F0D7F9FA" box="[663,765,1616,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B966B9A462FF85FCA8EE73F1B2F9FA" box="[777,920,1616,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Additionally</collectingCounty>
|
||
, in these specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A462FF85FB66EE73F71DF9FA" box="[1223,1335,1616,1642]" country="United Kingdom" name="Plymouth" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Plymouth</collectingRegion>
|
||
, we also observed a few modified subatrial triactines in which the actines that surround the atrial wall have different lengths and shapes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FEBEEEBBF35EF923" box="[287,372,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA462FF85FE26EEBBF3E0F922" box="[391,458,1688,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">These</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
spicules were found in the sections.
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA462FF85FCFEEEBAF1A4F923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA462FF85FCFEEEBAF1A4F923" box="[863,910,1689,1715]" county="Additionally" municipality="These" name="Due" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Plymouth">Due</location>
|
||
to the occurrence of other spicules overlapping them, it was not clear if they were pseudosagittal.
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA462FF85FD1FEE9FF0C8F946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA462FF85FD1FEE9FF0C8F946" box="[702,738,1724,1750]" county="Additionally" municipality="These" name="All" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Plymouth">All</location>
|
||
the subatrial spicules point their unpaired actines to the cortex, in opposition to the apical actine of the cortical tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FCE6EEC3F181F96A" box="[839,939,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Amphoriscus elongatus (holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.27). A—Holotype fixed in ethanol. B—Tangential section of the cortex showing giant tetractines (black arrow) and small sagittal triactines (white arrow). C—General view of a transversal section. D—Detail of a transversal section showing cortical spicules and the inarticulated region.Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642297/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Figs. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FC47EEC3F604F96B" box="[998,1070,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA462FF85FBE2EEC3F645F96A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA462FF85FBE2EEC3F645F96A" box="[1091,1135,1760,1786]" county="Additionally" municipality="These" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Plymouth">The</location>
|
||
atrial region is comprised exclusively of tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A462FF85FE1FEF27F03EF88F" box="[446,532,1796,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF66EF0BF7A0F8F6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A462FF85FF66EF0BF303F8D2" bold="true" box="[199,297,1832,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E52B8EA462FF85FE97EF0BF3A3F8D2" box="[310,393,1832,1858]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,548,572]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule measurements of Amphoriscus elongatus. (H)—holotype. p—paired, u—unpaired, a—apical." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF184EBDA46DFF8AFF36EA07F767FDAC" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="DF184EBDA46DFF8AFF36EA07F767FDAC">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
): A figure containing only the spicule categories, commonly shown in studies of the taxonomy of calcareous sponges, could not be prepared since only slides containing sections of the skeleton were available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF66EF53F6EBF83E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Cortical tetractines: Giant, conical with blunt tips. Paired actines are curved and long. The unpaired actine is curved and smaller or the same size as the paired actines. The apical actine is straight and long.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A462FF85FF66EF9BF35DF866" blockId="6.[151,1437,1112,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Cortical triactines: Slightly conical and sharp. Paired actines are straight to slightly curved. Unpaired actine is shorter and straight.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF184EBDA463FF84FF36EC57F320FB68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642297/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" startId="7.[151,250,1140,1164]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1117]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A463FF84FF36EC57F320FB68" blockId="7.[151,1437,1140,1272]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FF36EC57F339FB1D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1140,1165]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A463FF84FEBBEC56F02DFB1D" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[282,519,1141,1165]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FEBBEC56F02DFB1D" box="[282,519,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Amphoriscus elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.27).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FCC0EC57F1A7FB1C" bold="true" box="[865,909,1140,1164]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">A—</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype fixed in ethanol.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FB3FEC56F6E2FB1D" bold="true" box="[1182,1224,1141,1165]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">B—</emphasis>
|
||
Tangential section of the cortex showing giant tetractines (black arrow) and small sagittal triactines (white arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FBE9ECBBF65EFB20" bold="true" box="[1096,1140,1176,1200]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">C—</emphasis>
|
||
General view of a transversal section.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FF4AEC9EF33CFB45" bold="true" box="[235,278,1213,1237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">D—</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of a transversal section showing cortical spicules and the inarticulated region. Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A463FF84FF66ED04F11FFAF5" blockId="7.[151,1437,1319,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Subatrial triactines: Cylindrical to slightly conical with sharp tips. Paired actines are straight. Unpaired actine is straight and long, sometimes reaching the cortical region.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A463FF84FF66ED4CF618FA3D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1319,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Subatrial tetractines: Rare, with cylindrical actines and sharp tips. Paired actines are slightly curved. Unpaired actine is straight and larger than the paired ones. Apical actine is short and curved.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A463FF84FF66ED94F104FA65" blockId="7.[151,1437,1319,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Atrial tetractines: Vary in size. Cylindrical actines with sharp tips. Paired actines are long, thin, and straight. Unpaired actine is slightly curved. Apical actine is straight.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA463FF8AFF66EDDCF155FE3D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A463FF84FF66EDDCF188F811" blockId="7.[151,1437,1319,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FF66EDDCF317F989" bold="true" box="[199,317,1535,1561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A463FF84FDD6EDDCF157F989" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[631,893,1535,1561]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FDD6EDDCF157F989" box="[631,893,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Amphoriscus elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on a single specimen sampled during the Challenger expedition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A463FF84FE64EE00F045F9AD" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[453,623,1571,1597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref17300" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was tubular and elongated (hence the species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A463FF84FB78EE00F76CF9AD" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[1241,1350,1571,1597]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FB78EE00F76CF9AD" box="[1241,1350,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Close to the osculum, it was divided into two tubes, a feature that can no longer be recognised in the type (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A463FF84FA92EE64F7BAF9F1" box="[1331,1424,1607,1633]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1117]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Amphoriscus elongatus (holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.27). A—Holotype fixed in ethanol. B—Tangential section of the cortex showing giant tetractines (black arrow) and small sagittal triactines (white arrow). C—General view of a transversal section. D—Detail of a transversal section showing cortical spicules and the inarticulated region.Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642297/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A463FF84FE95EE48F3C7F915" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[308,493,1643,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref17300" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A463FF84FE5AEE48F0A2F915" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[507,648,1643,1669]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FE5AEE48F0A2F915" box="[507,648,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">A. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has “an important anatomical peculiarity—the tendency of the radial tubes to meet in threes, fours, or in larger numbers around the same shallow invagination of the gastric cavity”. We could not clearly understand this organisation described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A463FF84FCC3EE90F630F95D" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[866,1050,1715,1741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref17300" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, even after analysing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A463FF84FA9BEE90F7B6F95D" box="[1338,1436,1715,1741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and additional specimens. Nevertheless, we are convinced that the aquiferous system of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A463FF84FB06EEF4F712F961" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[1191,1336,1751,1777]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FB06EEF4F712F961" box="[1191,1336,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">A. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a typical syconoid in which choanocyte chambers run in parallel from the atrium to the cortex. Instead, choanocyte chambers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A463FF84FE8BEF3CF39DF8A9" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[298,439,1823,1849]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A463FF84FE8BEF3CF39DF8A9" box="[298,439,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">A. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to branch, possibly causing, when sectioned, the holes observed in
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C02B0A463FF84FB56EF3CF77CF8AA" box="[1271,1366,1823,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1435,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).D—Subatrial regionwith triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
along the chambers’ length. More studies are needed to better describe this organisation, which depends on the discovery of fresh specimens for histological and electron microscopy analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A463FF84FF66EFA8F6EEF87D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1319,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A463FF84FF66EFA8F6B5F835" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666331" box="[199,1183,1931,1957]" location="Our" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA463FF84FF66EFA8F2D9F835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA463FF84FF66EFA8F2D9F835" box="[199,243,1931,1957]" name="Our" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Our</location>
|
||
results indicate an important difference between our description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A463FF84FB9CEFA8F6B5F835" box="[1085,1183,1931,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A463FF84FB0BEFA8F6EBF87D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666315" location="We" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Plymouth" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
and that provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A463FF84FF36EF8CF378F859" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[151,338,1967,1993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref17300" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, namely the occurrence of rare subatrial tetractines.
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA463FF84FC15EF8CF1F3F859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA463FF84FC15EF8CF1F3F859" box="[948,985,1967,1993]" name="We" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Plymouth">We</location>
|
||
first observed this characteristic in the slides of the specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A463FF84FE7EEFF0F066F87D" box="[479,588,2003,2029]" country="United Kingdom" name="Plymouth" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Plymouth</collectingRegion>
|
||
and then, after a careful reanalysis, also in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A463FF84FBFAEFF0F6EBF87D" box="[1115,1217,2003,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF184EBDA46CFF8BFF36EE71F16CF96A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642299/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" startId="8.[151,250,1618,1642]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1594]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46CFF8BFF36EE71F16CF96A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1618,1786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFF36EE71F337F9FA" bold="true" box="[151,285,1618,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46CFF8BFE8FEE71F00FF9FA" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[302,549,1618,1642]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFE8FEE71F00FF9FA" box="[302,549,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Amphoriscus elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFD9DEE71F04DF9FA" bold="true" box="[572,615,1618,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">A—</emphasis>
|
||
Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFBFAEE71F6AFF9FA" bold="true" box="[1115,1157,1618,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">B—</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFD51EE55F136F91E" bold="true" box="[752,796,1654,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">C—</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFE9AEEB9F34CF922" bold="true" box="[315,358,1690,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">D—</emphasis>
|
||
Subatrial region with triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFB3FEEB9F6E2F922" bold="true" box="[1182,1224,1690,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">E—</emphasis>
|
||
Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46CFF8BFCE9EE9DF15BF946" bold="true" box="[840,881,1726,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">F—</emphasis>
|
||
Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46CFF8AFF66EF0BF72DFF45" blockId="8.[151,1437,1832,2039]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,502]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F1468A46CFF8AFF66EF0BF72EFF45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400666323" collectionCode="BMNH" country="United Kingdom" county="These" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" location="Northern Atlantic Ocean" municipality="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="BMNH 1955.12, BMNH 1884.4" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Plymouth" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
With respect to the geographical distribution,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA46CFF8BFD49EF0AF18CF8D3" box="[744,934,1832,1859]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">BMNH 1955.12</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.10 and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA46CFF8BFB8AEF0AF6C0F8D3" box="[1067,1258,1832,1859]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">BMNH 1955.12</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.11 are from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46CFF8BFF36EF6FF32DF8F6" box="[151,263,1868,1894]" country="United Kingdom" name="Plymouth" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Plymouth</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A46CFF8BFEB3EF6FF3FAF8F6" box="[274,464,1868,1894]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA46CFF8BFE7FEF6FF0D2F8F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA46CFF8BFE7FEF6FF0D2F8F6" box="[478,760,1868,1894]" country="United Kingdom" county="These" municipality="The" name="Northern Atlantic Ocean" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Plymouth">Northern Atlantic Ocean</location>
|
||
), while the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A46CFF8BFCDBEF6FF1F6F8F6" box="[890,988,1868,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1B64EA46CFF8BFC42EF6EF6A6F8F6" box="[995,1164,1868,1895]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">BMNH 1884.4</specimenCode>
|
||
.22.27 was sampled “off Prince Edward Islands” (
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA46CFF8BFE1BEF53F0E6F81A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA46CFF8BFE1BEF53F0E6F81A" box="[442,716,1904,1930]" country="United Kingdom" county="These" municipality="The" name="Southern Indian Ocean" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Plymouth">Southern Indian Ocean</location>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EB848EEA46CFF8BFD43EF52F0D3F81B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEAF23A462FF8AFF36EB8DF738FE65:8EB848EEA46CFF8BFD43EF52F0D3F81B" box="[738,761,1905,1931]" country="United Kingdom" county="These" municipality="The" name="In" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Plymouth">In</location>
|
||
general, representatives of a species with such a disjunct distribution are viewed as questionable in the literature, mainly due to the low dispersal capability of the larvae of calcareous sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A46CFF8BFE3FEF9BF04FF843" author="Maldonado, M." box="[414,613,1976,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="175 - 194" refId="ref17177" refString="Maldonado, M. (2006) The ecology of the sponge larva. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84 (2), 175 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 05 - 177" type="journal article" year="2006">Maldonado 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC844FA46CFF8BFDD6EF9BF089F842" box="[631,675,1976,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
only morphological difference between the three analysed samples is the putative presence of pseudosagittal triactines in the subatrial region of those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46CFF8BFBDDEFFFF6C7F866" box="[1148,1261,2012,2038]" country="United Kingdom" name="Plymouth" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Plymouth</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B966B9A46CFF8BFB56EFFFF710F866" box="[1271,1338,2012,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">These</collectingCounty>
|
||
spicules were not found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCA097A46DFF8AFE2FE8B4F3D9FF21" box="[398,499,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and we assumed that the absence could be the result of plasticity. The analysis of a larger set of specimens, preferably using an integrative approach, is needed to elucidate this question
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46DFF8AFF66E8FCF155FE3D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The species that most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46DFF8AFD38E8FCF10DFF69" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[665,807,223,249]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46DFF8AFD38E8FCF10DFF69" box="[665,807,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its skeletal composition is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46DFF8AFB21E8FCF71CFF69" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti & Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[1152,1334,223,249]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46DFF8AFB21E8FCF71CFF69" box="[1152,1334,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. pedunculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cortical triactines, tetractines and trichoxeas, subatrial triactines, and atrial tetractines). These species differ mainly in the presence of rare subatrial tetractines in the former and the size of the cortical tetractines, which are larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46DFF8AFA25E904F32EFEF5" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46DFF8AFA25E904F32EFEF5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paired actines: 443.6±59.0/ 48.7±7.9μm; unpaired actine: 397.2±42.1/ 52.7±4.9 μm; apical actine: 453.8±60.3/48.2±6.4μm) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6765B6A46DFF8AFDBBE94CF0F9FE19" authorityName="Klautau, Cavalcanti & Borojevic" authorityYear="2017" box="[538,723,367,393]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46DFF8AFDBBE94CF0F9FE19" box="[538,723,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. pedunculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paired actines: 225.5±39.3/ 27.2 ±4.3 μm; unpaired actine: 182.9±7.2/ 27.2±3.8 μm; apical actine: 303.8±50.7/ 29.4±5.4 μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D4DBEA46DFF8AFF66E995F738FE65" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81E35A46DFF8AFF66E995F738FE65" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913C227A46DFF8AFF66E995F349FE40" bold="true" box="[199,355,438,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Off Prince Edward Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A46DFF8AFD1DE994F17AFE41" box="[700,848,439,465]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A46DFF8AFCC2E994F63AFE41" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[867,1040,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref17300" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3D0D7A46DFF8AFBF8E994F6E3FE41" box="[1113,1225,439,465]" country="United Kingdom" name="Plymouth" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Plymouth</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3705EA5A46DFF8AFB7BE994F7B6FE41" box="[1242,1436,439,465]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study). Corresponding MEOW: Prince Edward Islands and Celtic Seas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF663C4A46DFF8AFBBFE9F8F72DFE65" author="Spalding, M. D. & Fox, H. E. & Allen, G. R. & Davidson, N. & Ferdana, Z. A. & Finlayson, M. & Halpern, B. S. & Jorge, M. A. & Lombana, A. & Lourie, S. A. & Martin, K. D. & McManus, E. & Molnar, J. & Recchia, C. A. & Robertson, J." box="[1054,1287,475,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref17597" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. & Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Spalding
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<emphasis id="B913C227A46DFF8AFB2AE9F8F696FE65" box="[1163,1212,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |