259 lines
29 KiB
XML
259 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="59BE6E222EEC41FCB19305981095E4CC" ID-DOI="10.1649/072.065.0207" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102631" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630154804888" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Ratcliffe, Brett C. & Hoffman, Richard L." docDate="2011" docId="03A3203958573052FD182407FEFBCFD2" docLanguage="en" docName="072.065.0207.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/072.065.0207" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Cyclocephala robusta LeConte 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="FF9A584158563051FFFE2647FFF9CC05" masterDocTitle="Cyclocephala nigricollisBurmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini). What is It? and Where is It?" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1699621960885" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="62D4004CC4E13DF0949C6C540CF260A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0907C173CC796331FB65B8F9E1E477E2">
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<mods:title id="C3472662DB32F21FE95416700E7E5F5B">Cyclocephala nigricollisBurmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini). What is It? and Where is It?</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DDC6473A9F8A581F9BE92E7F00F2A44D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0CCF9CDE7E1C0E968A2BEAC6F9A9A702">Ratcliffe, Brett C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0101C52BF5C88DB124AF75EDE4989A6A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C884544C0B005993B86EF840990D1EAB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3ABDCB56E5ED728C006905E377733643">Hoffman, Richard L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1B22A851D47682B99AD260D046D142BB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2F6CE308119E1609B20287794ED1A9F0">
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<mods:title id="7FDDDAEAB59C00FC63FA891F80286BB3">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="333FA70844E36280C31A8E40F4BFEBE2">
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<mods:date id="D5B83960FAFD7FD224044734B512CAD9">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4CD15360856F0992FFC63CB582470B47" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0F69F4C59285B9DB2AC09F3ED2A93E9B">2011-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3259BB0C822A217870C34075EBD1AA11" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="594697C0A91B230EDBEEE8AFFDE8A7EC">65</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="4968F54F8F08CE7A3E41BFAE5FBFAFAF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="124FFB3F507BA9BDEFFA6D2A8FA63F48">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C6DFBE6EDEC63BA73713BE92148155AF">135</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="486E4B9601A8FF7A384A7A168F61D5E6">138</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="656DD7F18ED5F68194A5E7AC55C68450">
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<mods:url id="81109DD703BF9B0CD46544A59A491C60">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/072.065.0207</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7E853D811A50C8F11440444EB4665FE9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="10AECD94C10D3E1ADE235D14E61D5173" type="DOI">10.1649/072.065.0207</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0D7DED2468788FD38D90E2B5EE204DC" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="90C24F12CB3AAF9674ED618B6E0D1193" type="Zenodo-Dep">10102631</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A3203958573052FD182407FEFBCFD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A3203958573052FD182407FEFBCFD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3203958573052FD182407FEFBCFD2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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<subSubSection id="C310C2A458573050FD182407FC2ECE75" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB5912F58573050FD182407FC2ECE75" blockId="1.[742,1115,576,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58573050FD182407FBA2CE53" authority="LeConte, 1863" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[742,1115,576,598]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FD182407FBA2CE53" bold="true" box="[742,1115,576,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FD182407FC45CE53" bold="true" box="[742,956,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Cyclocephala robusta</emphasis>
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LeConte, 1863
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13318DAA58573050FC8B241CFC36CE75" box="[885,975,603,625]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[197,237,889,908]" captionStartId-1="2.[197,239,1686,1705]" captionStartId-2="3.[175,207,612,631]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1151,218,829]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,660,1318,1661]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,619,198,573]" captionTargetId-0="figure-309@2.[173,1193,183,865]" captionTargetId-1="figure-323@2.[173,660,1318,1663]" captionTargetId-2="figure-594@3.[151,638,183,588]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Figs. 1–2. Habitus of Cyclocephala robusta. 1) Male; 2) Female." captionText-1="Figs. 3–4. Parameres of Cyclocephala robusta." captionText-2="Fig. 5. Distribution map for Cyclocephala robusta." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102637" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102639" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102641" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10102637/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10102639/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10102641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310C2A458573050FD5324C2FB83CF00" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB5912F58573050FD5324C2FCEECEB0" blockId="1.[685,1172,645,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58573050FD5324C2FBB3CE9E" authority="Burmeister 1847: 54" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1847" box="[685,1098,645,667]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FD5324C2FC75CE9F" box="[685,908,645,666]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Cyclocephala nigricollis</emphasis>
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Burmeister 1847: 54
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FBA824C2FCF3CEB0" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB5912F58573050FD5324FDFCBECEEF" blockId="1.[685,1172,645,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58573050FD5324FDFBC3CED5" authority="LeConte 1863: 79" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1863" box="[685,1082,698,720]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FD5324FDFC78CECA" box="[685,897,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Cyclocephala robusta</emphasis>
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LeConte 1863: 79
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</taxonomicName>
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(original combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB5912F58573050FD5324B7FB83CF00" blockId="1.[685,1172,645,773]" box="[685,1146,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1AB60158573050FD5324B7FB83CF00" box="[685,1146,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AABB73E58573050FD5324B7FBF1CF00" author="Brown" box="[685,1032,752,773]" page="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" year="1930">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58573050FD5324B7FBF1CF00" authority="Brown 1930: 5" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1930" box="[685,1032,752,773]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ochrosidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FD5324B7FC8CCF00" box="[685,885,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Ochrosidia subvittata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9BECDE58573050FC8524B7FBF1CF00" author="Brown" box="[891,1032,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="2 - 6" refId="ref2480" refString="Brown, W. J. 1930. Studies in the Scarabaeidae (IV). The Canadian Entomologist 62: 2 - 6." type="journal article" year="1930">Brown 1930: 5</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(synonym).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310C2A458573053FD3B2562FDEDC8AB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB5912F58573053FD3B2562FDEDC8AB" blockId="1.[685,1173,805,1729]" lastBlockId="2.[173,660,964,1251]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FD3B2562FCB8CF3F" bold="true" box="[709,833,805,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Description.</emphasis>
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Length 10.0–
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<quantity id="4CF23CCA58573050FC302562FBDCCF3F" box="[974,1061,805,826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
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; width
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<quantity id="4CF23CCA58573050FB942562FD00CF50" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.949999999999999" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="5.949999999999999" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="5.1">5.1– 6.8 mm</quantity>
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. Color of males castaneous on head, elytra, and pygidium; pronotum, legs, and venter testaceous; some males on pronotum with castaneous clouding either side of testaceous midline; many specimens from Hinds Co.,
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<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58573050FC2B25EDFBB1CFBA" box="[981,1096,938,959]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
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totally black; females rufotestaceous to castaneous.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FBA92583FB74CFDC" bold="true" box="[1111,1165,964,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Head</emphasis>
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: Frons completely, densely rugopunctate; punctures small, setigerous on frons in males, punctures slightly larger, less setose in females; setae long, reddish brown. Clypeus with apex broadly, semicircularly rounded, weakly reflexed in males; apex parabolic in females, noticeably thickened. Interocular width equals 2.0–3.5 transverse eye diameters in males, 6.0–6.5 transverse eye diameters in females. Antenna 10-segmented, club in males longer than segments 1–7, club in females subequal in length to segments 2–7.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FC4422AEFBD8C8FB" bold="true" box="[954,1057,1257,1278]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Pronotum</emphasis>
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: Surface in males densely punctate, punctures large, setigerous; setae long, reddish brown; surface in females with punctures moderate in density and size, glabrous. Base with slender marginal bead.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FC022314FBC4C96D" bold="true" box="[1020,1085,1363,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Elytra</emphasis>
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: Surface in males densely punctate; punctures moderately large to large, setigerous; setae long, reddish brown. Surface in females similar but glabrous. Epipleuron (ventral view) of females simple, imperceptibly thickened at level of abdominal sternite 1.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FBD0239FFB74C9E8" bold="true" box="[1070,1165,1496,1517]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Pygidium</emphasis>
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: Surface in males shagreened, with sparse, small to moderately sized punctures, setose in pristine specimens; setae long, reddish brown, often abraded. Females with surface moderately to densely punctate; punctures glabrous, mostly moderately large, glabrous. In lateral view, surface in males strongly convex, females with surface nearly flat to weakly convex.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58573050FCFE20EBFCD6CAC4" bold="true" box="[768,815,1708,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Legs</emphasis>
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: Protibia tridentate, teeth subequally spaced. Protarsus in males enlarged: tarsomere 5 large, curved, flattened on venter with longitudinal row of setae; median claw large, curved, apex entire. Protarsus in female simple. Metatarsus in male distinctly longer than metatibia, subequal in length in female. Metatibia at apex with spurs long, acute in males, short and phylliform in females.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FDB52223FD75C87C" bold="true" box="[587,652,1124,1145]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Venter</emphasis>
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: Prosternal process extremely short, rounded, nearly obsolete.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FEF822DEFE89C8AB" bold="true" box="[262,368,1177,1198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Parameres</emphasis>
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: As in
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<figureCitation id="13318DAA58543053FE4A22DEFDE9C8AB" box="[436,528,1176,1198]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,239,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[173,660,1318,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-323@2.[173,660,1318,1663]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 3–4. Parameres of Cyclocephala robusta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF75C1A758543053FF3B253EFCF6CF89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102637" box="[197,783,888,908]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" startId="2.[197,237,889,908]" targetBox="[213,1151,218,829]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58543053FF3B253EFCF6CF89" blockId="2.[197,783,888,908]" box="[197,783,888,908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FF3B253EFED9CF89" bold="true" box="[197,288,888,908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Figs. 1–2.</emphasis>
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Habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58543053FE69253FFDA8CF8E" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[407,593,888,907]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FE69253FFDA8CF8E" box="[407,593,888,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Cyclocephala robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FDA3253EFD88CF89" bold="true" box="[605,625,889,908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">1)</emphasis>
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||
Male;
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FD4E253EFD3ACF89" bold="true" box="[688,707,889,908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">2)</emphasis>
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Female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C310C2A458543053FF3B22F4FB7BC9D7" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58543053FF3B22F4FD6AC8E7" blockId="2.[173,660,964,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FF3B22F4FED4C8CD" bold="true" box="[197,301,1203,1224]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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While most species of
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FDED22F4FD6AC8CD" box="[531,659,1203,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Cyclocephala</emphasis>
|
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have some differences between the sexes,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FDCC228AFD6AC8E7" box="[562,659,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58543053FDB0228AFD6AC8E7" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[590,659,1229,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">robusta</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF75C1A758543053FF3B20D1FD6ACAAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102639" box="[197,659,1686,1705]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" startId="2.[197,239,1686,1705]" targetBox="[173,660,1318,1661]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58543053FF3B20D1FD6ACAAC" blockId="2.[173,659,1686,1729]" box="[197,659,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FF3B20D1FED0CAAC" bold="true" box="[197,297,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Figs. 3–4.</emphasis>
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Parameres of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58543053FE3B20D1FD74CAAC" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[453,653,1686,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FE3B20D1FD74CAAC" box="[453,653,1686,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Cyclocephala robusta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB5912F58543053FF5320E9FE20CAC4" blockId="2.[173,659,1686,1729]" box="[173,473,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FF5320E9FF39CAC4" bold="true" box="[173,192,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">3)</emphasis>
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Caudal view;
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<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FEB620E9FEA2CAC4" bold="true" box="[328,347,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">4)</emphasis>
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Lateral view.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58543053FD3D2583FC9BC8E6" blockId="2.[707,1194,964,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
|
||
is remarkably different between males and females in ways not normally seen. Typical secondary sexual characteristics are, of course, present, such as differing lengths of the antennal clubs and metatarsi, size of the protarsus, form of the epipleuron, and convexity of the pygidium. But the body color, shape of the clypeus, size of the eyes, interocular distance, and metatibial spurs in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FC602239FC06C896" box="[926,1023,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58543053FC442239FC06C896" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[954,1023,1150,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are all totally different. If the males and females had not been collected together, one would think they represent different species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58543053FD2522AFFB7BC9D7" blockId="2.[707,1194,964,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58543053FD2522AFFC47C8F8" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[731,958,1256,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FD2522AFFC47C8F8" box="[731,958,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Cyclocephala robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from other
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FD002344FC7CC91D" box="[766,901,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Cyclocephala</emphasis>
|
||
species in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DD1BF58543053FBDD2344FB50C91D" box="[1059,1193,1283,1304]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
by a combination of characters: presence of a basal bead on the pronotum; antenna with ten segments and with a club longer than the shaft in males; males with larger claw on the protarsus entire; the near absence of a prosternal process; phylliform metatibial spurs of the females; simple epipleuron in the females; and form of the parameres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13318DAA58543053FBE523FAFB8FC9D7" box="[1051,1142,1469,1491]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,239,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[173,660,1318,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-323@2.[173,660,1318,1663]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 3–4. Parameres of Cyclocephala robusta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310C2A458543052FD25239FFE92CF8D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58543053FD25239FFBB3CAC4" blockId="2.[707,1194,964,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FD25239FFCA4C9E8" bold="true" box="[731,861,1496,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58543053FC952390FBBAC9E9" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[875,1091,1495,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58543053FC952390FBBAC9E9" box="[875,1091,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Cyclocephala robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FD0623B5FCAACA02" box="[760,851,1522,1543]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FCA323B5FC44CA02" box="[861,957,1522,1543]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FC3923B5FBCCCA02" box="[967,1077,1522,1543]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FBBE23B5FB5CCA02" box="[1088,1189,1522,1543]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FD3D204AFD05CA27" box="[707,764,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FCFB204AFC6ACA27" box="[773,915,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FC63204AFBD5CA27" box="[925,1068,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FBA3204AFB50CA27" box="[1117,1193,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13318DAA58543053FD342060FCFECA39" box="[714,775,1575,1596]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[175,207,612,631]" captionTargetBox="[159,619,198,573]" captionTargetId="figure-594@3.[151,638,183,588]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution map for Cyclocephala robusta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Carolinas/
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58543053FC552060FC02CA39" box="[939,1019,1575,1596]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
population is extremely disjunct, and specimens are rarely encountered. It is difficult to explain this broad separation between eastern and southern populations, but our careful examination of specimens from both areas satisfies us that they are the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58553052FD532685FCD9CD44" blockId="3.[685,1172,194,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">problems. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve the manuscript. This project was supported by an NSF/ BS&I grant (DEB 0716899) to B. C. Ratcliffe and R. D. Cave.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF75C1A758553052FF512423FD81CE72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102641" box="[175,632,612,631]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102641/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" startId="3.[175,207,612,631]" targetBox="[159,619,198,573]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58553052FF512423FD81CE72" blockId="3.[175,632,612,631]" box="[175,632,612,631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58553052FF512423FF15CE72" bold="true" box="[175,236,612,631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58553052FE472423FD8ACE72" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[441,627,612,631]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58553052FE472423FD8ACE72" box="[441,627,612,631]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Cyclocephala robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58553052FF5124FEFE92CF8D" blockId="3.[151,638,696,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
Harpootlian (2001) referred to Kirk’ s (1970) listing of “
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58553052FF022494FE80CEED" box="[252,377,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58553052FEE62494FE80CEED" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[280,377,723,744]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">nigricollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58553052FE5C2494FDC9CEED" box="[418,560,723,744]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
but discounted its occurrence there and so did not include it in his scarab beetles of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58553052FE6C254FFDDFCF18" box="[402,550,776,797]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Brimley (1938) reported
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58553052FEC12565FE3ECF32" box="[319,455,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58553052FE9E2565FE3ECF32" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[352,455,802,823]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">nigricollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Morganton,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58553052FF69257AFED0CF57" box="[151,297,829,850]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but his specimen, now in the insect museum at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE5FCD58553052FEEC251FFE10CF68" box="[274,489,856,877]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">North Carolina State</collectingRegion>
|
||
University, is referable to
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58553052FEF32535FE9CCF82" box="[269,357,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58553052FED52535FE9CCF82" authorityName="Bland, and Burmeister" authorityYear="1863" box="[299,357,882,903]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">lurida</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310C2A458553052FF5125CAFEFBCFD2" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5912F58553052FF5125CAFEFBCFD2" blockId="3.[151,638,696,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58553052FF5125CAFEF8CFA7" bold="true" box="[175,257,909,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults are attracted to lights, but otherwise nothing is known of the life history of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4D3D58553052FF692585FF05CFD2" box="[151,252,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEAAC58553052FF4B2585FF05CFD2" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1863" box="[181,252,962,983]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |