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<document id="219001AA3942C9E8281BC17F656CCEF4" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2015.73.07" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12213223" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718996479650" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Skarbnik-López, Jessica, Mackenzie, Melanie &amp; VandenSpiegel, Didier" docDate="2015" docId="039B87A1FFADC747FC9AFE82FE4FFCE8" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.73.59-93.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 73" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-73-2015/pages-59-93/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Paracaudina championi O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="FFA2FFD9FFB4C75BFFABFFC2FF98FFCE" masterDocTitle="Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1719012382058" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7B6268D4B53C5B63D75858967F96D6D4">Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F41C34677C1440B68291CF100ED35650">O'Loughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DDD451995FA3CCF4E3ECD95A9283235">Skarbnik-López, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D29C06ABA7265D331AB8134FF328BC1D">Mackenzie, Melanie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="62D8DA0A7E5D8597764A7578E83B7982">VandenSpiegel, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E5987E6982A531AD987758442F3A13C4">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039B87A1FFADC747FC9AFE82FE4FFCE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87A1FFADC747FC9AFE82FE4FFCE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87A1FFADC747FC9AFE82FE4FFCE8" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="C328653CFFADC742FC9AFE82FA30FE4E" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FC9AFE82FA31FE98" blockId="25.[817,1449,320,342]" box="[817,1449,320,342]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="D0C581DBFFADC742FC9AFE82FA31FE98" box="[817,1449,320,342]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFADC742FC9AFE82FAC4FE98" ID-CoL="4CNVG" authority="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" box="[817,1372,320,342]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFADC742FC9AFE82FBB1FE98" bold="true" box="[817,1065,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Paracaudina championi</emphasis>
O’Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-López
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557DEFFADC742FACBFE83FA31FE98" box="[1376,1449,321,342]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FCFCFEAFFA30FE4E" blockId="25.[817,1448,365,412]" box="[855,1448,365,384]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFADC742FCFCFEAFFC69FE4E" box="[855,1009,365,384]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Zoobank LSID.</emphasis>
http://zoobank.org:act:86F7DB87-F210-4732-
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328653CFFADC747FC9AFE4BFE4FFCE8" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FC9AFE4BFC6AFE52" blockId="25.[817,1448,365,412]" box="[817,1010,393,412]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">9A77-2FC03915134B</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FC9AFE76FBE7FE04" blockId="25.[817,1151,436,458]" box="[817,1151,436,458]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<tableCitation id="C6B0030CFFADC742FC9AFE76FC06FE04" box="[817,926,436,458]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStart-2="Table 3" captionStartId-0="4.[140,191,229,248]" captionStartId-1="4.[140,189,1179,1198]" captionStartId-2="5.[147,196,1313,1332]" captionText-0="Table 1. Voyages to HIMI that collected Holothuroidea specimens." captionText-1="Table 2. Holothuroidea species from HIMI (systematic identity established by Mark O’Loughlin)." captionText-2="Table 3. Holothuroidea specimens from HIMI held in NMV." pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Tables 1–3</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6B0030CFFADC742FC02FE76FC2FFE04" box="[937,951,436,458]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="11.[153,202,777,796]" captionText="Table 5. Holothuroidea specimens from HIMI held in TMAG." pageId="25" pageNumber="84">5</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6B0030CFFADC742FC6AFE76FC57FE04" box="[961,975,436,458]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="13.[147,196,229,248]" captionText="Table 6. Kerguelen Islands and HIMI holothuroid species distributed beyond the Kerguelen Plateau." pageId="25" pageNumber="84">6</tableCitation>
; figures 1, 11–13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FCFCFE23FA31FE3A" blockId="25.[855,1449,481,501]" box="[855,1449,481,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFADC742FCFCFE23FC5FFE3A" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-López &amp; Mackenzie &amp; VandenSpiegel" authorityYear="2015" box="[855,967,481,500]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family" status="sp. nov.">Molpadiidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557DEFFADC742FC60FE20FB96FE3B" box="[971,1038,482,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(HOL 11).—Hibberd &amp; Moore, 2009: 119, 145.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FC9AFDCEFC24FD40" blockId="25.[816,1448,524,851]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFADC742FC9AFDCEFC47FDD1" box="[817,991,524,543]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CEAFFADC742FC40FDCEFC24FD40" collectingDate="2007-07-30" collectionCode="AAD, NMV, UF, MOL" collectorName="Southern Ocean, S" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" county="Southern Champion" elevation="708" location="Southern Ocean" municipality="North-east Plateau" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="F165736, AF666, HOL 11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54898815FFADC742FC40FDCEFBDAFDD1" box="[1003,1090,524,543]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectorName id="26C75361FFADC742FBE0FDCEFB6DFDD1" box="[1099,1269,524,543]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<location id="8EED606CFFADC742FBE0FDCEFB78FDD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87A1FFADC747FC9AFE82FE4FFCE8:8EED606CFFADC742FBE0FDCEFB78FDD1" box="[1099,1248,524,543]" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" county="Southern Champion" municipality="North-east Plateau" name="Southern Ocean" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Southern Ocean</location>
, S
</collectorName>
Kerguelen Plateau, NE
<collectingCountry id="F3257627FFADC742FCF7FDEAFC42FDF5" box="[860,986,552,571]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Heard Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9ACCDFFADC742FC42FDEAFB03FDF5" box="[1001,1179,552,571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">North-east Plateau</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FB00FDEAFB45FDF5" box="[1195,1245,552,571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">AAD</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFADC742FB42FDEAFA30FDF5" box="[1257,1448,552,571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E3BFFADC742FB42FDEAFA30FDF5" box="[1257,1448,552,571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Southern Champion</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
cruise 46 haul 479, beam trawl, -50.67 74.62,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFADC742FB43FD86FABEFD99" box="[1256,1318,580,599]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.08" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="708.0">
<elevation id="001FD184FFADC742FB43FD86FABEFD99" box="[1256,1318,580,599]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.08" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="708.0">708 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8C1077FFADC742FA98FD86FA3CFD99" box="[1331,1444,580,599]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" value="2007-07-30">
<collectingDate id="EFC8E99FFFADC742FA98FD86FA3CFD99" box="[1331,1444,580,599]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" value="2007-07-30">30 Jul 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FC9AFDA2FCFFFDBD" box="[817,871,608,627]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949ECCFFADC742FCC0FD9DFC20FDBC" box="[875,952,607,626]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">F165736</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FC68FD9DFC7AFDBC" box="[963,994,607,626]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
tissue sequence code
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FB0CFD9DFB41FDBC" box="[1191,1241,607,626]" country="Peru" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15530" name="Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="Herbarium">MOL</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949ECCFFADC742FB76FD9DFA86FDBC" box="[1245,1310,607,626]" collectionCode="AF" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">AF666</specimenCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FA84FD9DFAF9FDBC" box="[1327,1377,607,626]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">AAD</collectionCode>
species code:
<specimenCode id="DB949ECCFFADC742FCCCFDB9FC29FD40" box="[871,945,635,654]" collectionCode="HOL" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">HOL 11</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FCFCFD55FA1AFD2F" blockId="25.[816,1448,524,851]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CEAFFADC742FCFCFD55FB5CFD64" box="[855,1220,663,682]" collectionCode="AAD" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="HOL 11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54898815FFADC742FCFCFD55FC29FD64" box="[855,945,663,682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FC16FD55FC77FD64" box="[957,1007,663,682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">AAD</collectionCode>
species code:
<specimenCode id="DB949ECCFFADC742FBDFFD55FB26FD64" box="[1140,1214,663,682]" collectionCode="HOL" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">HOL 11</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CEAFFADC742FB65FD55FA3BFD08" collectingDate="2003-04-30" collectionCode="TMAG" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" elevation="287" location="Western Plateau" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="H3539" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F3257627FFADC742FB65FD55FA9DFD64" box="[1230,1285,663,682]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">HIMI</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EED606CFFADC742FAA5FD55FA3CFD64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87A1FFADC747FC9AFE82FE4FFCE8:8EED606CFFADC742FAA5FD55FA3CFD64" box="[1294,1444,663,682]" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" name="Western Plateau" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Western Plateau</location>
, SC26(162), -52.44 72.67,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFADC742FB89FD71FBF9FD08" box="[1058,1121,691,710]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="287.0">
<elevation id="001FD184FFADC742FB89FD71FBF9FD08" box="[1058,1121,691,710]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="287.0">287 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8C1077FFADC742FBC5FD71FB73FD08" box="[1134,1259,691,710]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" value="2003-04-30">
<collectingDate id="EFC8E99FFFADC742FBC5FD71FB73FD08" box="[1134,1259,691,710]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" value="2003-04-30">30 Apr 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FB53FD71FAA2FD08" box="[1272,1338,691,710]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">TMAG</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949ECCFFADC742FAEFFD70FA18FD0B" box="[1348,1408,690,709]" collectionCode="TMAG" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">H3539</specimenCode>
(3)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CEAFFADC742FC9AFD0CFAC7FD2F" box="[817,1375,718,738]" collectingDate="2003-04-30" collectionCode="TMAG" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" elevation="462" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="H3434" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
SC26(165), -52.34 72.50,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFADC742FBB2FD0CFBCCFD2C" box="[1049,1108,718,738]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="462.0">
<elevation id="001FD184FFADC742FBB2FD0CFBCCFD2C" box="[1049,1108,718,738]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="462.0">462 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8C1077FFADC742FBF6FD0CFB4AFD2F" box="[1117,1234,718,738]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" value="2003-04-30">
<collectingDate id="EFC8E99FFFADC742FBF6FD0CFB4AFD2F" box="[1117,1234,718,738]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" value="2003-04-30">30 Apr 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE72FFADC742FB71FD0CFA84FD2F" box="[1242,1308,718,737]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">TMAG</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949ECCFFADC742FA89FD0CFAC7FD2F" box="[1314,1375,718,737]" collectionCode="TMAG" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">H3434</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
(1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FCFCFD28FA15FC9D" blockId="25.[816,1448,524,851]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
Other material (AAD species code: HOL 11). Southern
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFADC742FAD1FD28FCF8FCD7" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Shell Bank</emphasis>
, SC26(264), -51.87 75.78,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFADC742FBC4FCC4FB29FCD7" box="[1135,1201,774,793]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.79" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="779.0">779 m</quantity>
, AAD;
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFADC742FAACFCC4FAE9FCD7" box="[1287,1393,774,793]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Shell Bank</emphasis>
MR, SC46(125), -51.69 76.19,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFADC742FBBAFCE0FBD4FCFB" box="[1041,1100,802,821]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="234.0">234 m</quantity>
, AAD; North-east Plateau, SC46(473), -50.48 74.60,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFADC742FC00FC82FC7FFC9D" box="[939,999,832,851]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.05" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="905.0">905 m</quantity>
, AAD; SC46(474), -50.46 74.79,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFADC742FABAFC82FAD4FC9D" box="[1297,1356,832,851]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.42" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="942.0">942 m</quantity>
, AAD.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D663FFFADC742FF3FF883FCA4F8A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12213250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213250/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" startId="25.[148,208,1857,1876]" targetBox="[147,1447,1057,1837]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFADC742FF3FF883FCA4F8A0" blockId="25.[148,1448,1857,1902]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
Figure 11.
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFADC742FF5DF883FD75F89A" authority="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" box="[246,749,1857,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFADC742FF5DF883FE55F89A" box="[246,461,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Paracaudina championi</emphasis>
O’Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-López
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557DEFFADC742FD58F883FCA1F89A" box="[755,825,1857,1876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype photo of lateral view (oral end left) (insert with drawing of radial (left) and inter-radial plates of the calcareous ring) (NMV F165736).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D663FFFAEC741FF26F8E4FC19F8A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12213252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213252/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" startId="26.[141,201,1830,1849]" targetBox="[140,1440,228,1698]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAEC741FF26F8E4FC19F8A0" blockId="26.[141,1441,1830,1902]" pageId="26" pageNumber="85">
Figure 12. SEM images of ossicles from the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAEC741FD36F8E4FB0FF8F7" authority="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" box="[669,1175,1830,1850]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAEC741FD36F8E4FCEEF8F7" box="[669,886,1830,1849]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="85">Paracaudina championi</emphasis>
O’Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-López
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557DEFFAEC741FB34F8E5FB7DF8F4" box="[1183,1253,1831,1850]" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NMV F165736). a, irregular knobbed cup-like ossicles from the mid-body wall, with cross base evident mid-left and bottom right; b, irregular knobbed cup-like ossicles from the caudal body wall, with cross base evident upper middle and right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D663FFFAFC740FF38FCC6FA99FCFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12213254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213254/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" startId="27.[147,207,772,791]" targetBox="[147,1447,227,755]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAFC740FF38FCC6FA99FCFF" blockId="27.[147,1448,772,818]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
Figure 13. Microscope photos of table ossicles from the peri-anal body wall of paratypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FC43FCC6FF55FCFC" authority="O'Loughlin &amp; SkarbnikLopez" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC43FCC6FB58FCD9" box="[1000,1216,772,791]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Paracaudina championi</emphasis>
O’Loughlin &amp; SkarbnikLópez
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557DEFFAFC740FF78FCDDFE80FCFC" box="[211,280,799,818]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Two left tables from large specimen (TMAG H3434); single right table from small specimen (TMAG H3539).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAFC740FF38FCB9FE12FA53" blockId="27.[145,779,890,1903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FF38FCB9FE94FC5E" box="[147,268,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Description</emphasis>
. Preserved body up to
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFAFC740FDBFFCB8FDF4FC5E" box="[532,620,890,912]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="115.0">115 mm</quantity>
long (strongly contracted), tapering posterior body and tail
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFAFC740FDFEFC5AFD05FC63" box="[597,669,920,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long, mid-body up to
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFAFC740FEABFC77FEDEFC04" box="[256,326,949,970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
diameter; body wall thick, leathery, wrinkled with transverse creases, pale brown to off-white to pale grey in colour; body form cylindrical, slight taper to blunt oral end, about one third of the body tapered to thin posterior tail (end of tail missing in
<typeStatus id="54898815FFAFC740FE8CFBEBFE19FBF1" box="[295,385,1065,1087]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), tail not discretely delineated. Lacking anal scales or papillae. Tentacles 15, digitiform, lacking terminal digit or digits. Calcareous ring solid, plates fused; radial plates with two anterior projections, one with longitudinal muscle attachment and small anterior notch, separated by a bigger notch from the second lateral anterior projection, plates with tapered posterior projection with small bifid notch posteriorly; inter-radial plates with tapered anterior projection, wide rounded posterior indentation. Tentacle ampullae variable in length, up to twice the height of the ring in length. Single polian vesicle, tubular, long. Longitudinal muscles broad, flat, each divided along mid-line by narrow gap. Long, thin, un-branched gonad tubules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAFC740FF12FA66FED9F8A1" blockId="27.[145,779,890,1903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
Mid-body and caudal, but not peri-anal, ossicles are similar; some but not most are fairly regular, thick, knobbed cups with a basal distally-knobbed cross; most have no regular form and are thick, knobbed, often three-dimensional, and very irregular; ossicles predominantly up to 40
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FDDCF9DBFD1DF9E0" box="[631,645,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">µ</emphasis>
m long. Peri-anal body wall with irregular knobbed cups and irregular thick tables; knobbed cups as in mid-body wall; tables in smaller specimens with predominantly 3-pillar spires, one cross-bridge, few lateral blunt spines, 3 paired blunt spines apically, spires on tables in larger specimens complex with numerous distal blunt spines, spires up to about 170
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FD06F90AFD23F913" box="[685,699,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">µ</emphasis>
m high; table discs indented centrally, raised marginally, irregular angular margins, predominantly 6 central perforations, 2 outer circles of irregular perforations, discs up to about 180
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FF38F8FFFF39F89C" box="[147,161,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">µ</emphasis>
m across in small specimens, up to about 250
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FD2EF8FFFD0BF89C" box="[645,659,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">µ</emphasis>
m across in large specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAFC740FC9AFCB9FC33FC04" blockId="27.[817,1448,891,970]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC9AFCB9FC37FC5E" box="[817,943,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Distribution</emphasis>
. Southern Ocean, Kerguelen Plateau, N of
<collectingCountry id="F3257627FFAFC740FAC1FCB9FCF6FC60" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Heard Island</collectingCountry>
on North-east Plateau,
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FBD8FC5AFB7EFC63" box="[1139,1254,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Shell Bank</emphasis>
, Western Plateau,
<quantity id="4CCA9B52FFAFC740FC9AFC77FC3FFC04" box="[817,935,949,970]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.88" metricValueMax="9.42" metricValueMin="2.34" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="588.0" valueMax="942.0" valueMin="234.0">
234–
<specimenCount id="9D34FD3EFFAFC740FCCFFC77FC3FFC04" box="[868,935,949,970]" count="942" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" type="generic">942 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAFC740FC9AFC23FC65FBFF" blockId="27.[817,1447,993,1073]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC9AFC23FC06FC38" box="[817,926,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FC52FC23FBFDFC38" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" box="[1017,1125,993,1014]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC52FC23FBFDFC38" box="[1017,1125,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">championi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the fishing trawler
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FAE0FC23FC03FBDD" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Southern Champion</emphasis>
that was commissioned by the AAD to serve this research expedition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAFC740FC9AFB85FB93F96D" blockId="27.[816,1449,1095,1903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC9AFB85FC12FB92" box="[817,906,1095,1116]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Remarks</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54898815FFAFC740FC67FB85FBBCFB93" box="[972,1060,1095,1117]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was donated to NMV by the AAD. Initial preservation was by freezing, with subsequent transfer to 70% ethanol. The presence of peri-anal 3-pillared, large, thick tables is a significant morphological addition to the diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FB9BFB7EFAD0FB1F" authority="Heding, 1932" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1932" box="[1072,1352,1212,1234]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FB9BFB7EFB2DFB1F" box="[1072,1205,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Paracaudina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFAFC740FB15FB7EFAD0FB1F" author="Heding, S. G." box="[1214,1352,1212,1234]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="455 - 456" refId="ref18667" refString="Heding, S. G. 1932. Paracaudina nom. nov. a correction, together with some remarks concerning the supposed fossil Holothurian Pseudocaudina brachyura Broili. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 92: 455 - 456." type="journal article" year="1932">Heding, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
that was provided by O’Loughlin
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FBE8FB18FB1DFB20" box="[1091,1157,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">et. al.</emphasis>
(2011). Caudal ossicles in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FC9AFB34FC2EFAC5" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1932" box="[817,950,1270,1291]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC9AFB34FC2EFAC5" box="[817,950,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Paracaudina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens have been discussed and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFAFC740FC9BFAD1FBB3FAE6" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Barmos, S. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D." box="[816,1067,1299,1321]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="37 - 65" refId="ref19563" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Barmos, S. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. 2011. The paracaudinid sea cucumbers of Australia and New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68: 37 - 65." type="journal article" year="2011">
O’Loughlin
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC1BFAD6FC7CFAE6" box="[944,996,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
. No tables were observed in the mid-body wall or caudal region. In reporting on the
<collectingCountry id="F3257627FFAFC740FAB4FAF3FA3FFA88" box="[1311,1447,1328,1350]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FC9AFA8FFC3DFAAD" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1931" box="[817,933,1357,1379]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caudinidae</taxonomicName>
species,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFAFC740FBA7FA8CFAA3FAAC" author="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M." box="[1036,1339,1357,1379]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="357 - 368" refId="ref18094" refString="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M. 2013. The caudinid sea cucumbers of New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae). Zootaxa 3613 (4): 357 - 368." type="journal article" year="2013">Davey &amp; O’Loughlin (2013)</bibRefCitation>
discussed
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FC9AFAA8FBD4FA4E" authority="Deichmann, 1938" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1938" box="[817,1100,1386,1408]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Hedingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC9AFAA8FC17FAB1" box="[817,911,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Hedingia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFAFC740FC3DFAA8FBD4FA4E" author="Deichmann, E." box="[918,1100,1386,1408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="103 - 115" refId="ref18213" refString="Deichmann, E. 1938. New holothurians from the western coast of North America and some remarks on the genus Caudina. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 16, 103 - 115." type="journal article" year="1938">Deichmann, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and the
<collectingCountry id="F3257627FFAFC740FB03FAA9FAA8FA4E" box="[1192,1328,1386,1408]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FCE5FA45FB39FA53" authority="(Theel, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[846,1185,1415,1437]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Hedingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="albicans">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FCE5FA45FB94FA52" box="[846,1036,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Hedingia albicans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFAFC740FBB7FA45FB02FA53" author="Theel, H." box="[1052,1178,1415,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref20509" refString="Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FB67FA4AFADCFA52" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1228,1348,1415,1437]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Hedingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="albicans">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FB67FA4AFADCFA52" box="[1228,1348,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">H. albicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are abundant three-pillared tables with irregular discs in the caudal region, and rarely in the mid-body wall.
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FB61FA00FAE0FA16" box="[1226,1400,1474,1496]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FB61FA00FAB0FA19" box="[1226,1320,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Hedingia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
lack thick, knobbed cup ossicles. The new caudinid species described here has the characteristic paracaudinid thick, knobbed cup ossicles throughout the body wall, but also has the characteristic tables of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FBB3F9F4FBEEF985" box="[1048,1142,1590,1611]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Hedingia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FBB3F9F4FBEEF985" box="[1048,1142,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Hedingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the posterior caudal region. We have provisionally assigned our new species to
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FA8BF991FA3DF9A6" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1932" box="[1312,1445,1619,1640]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FA8BF991FA3DF9A6" box="[1312,1445,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Paracaudina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and await the evidence of molecular phylogenetic data for generic confirmation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36B7FFAFC747FCFCF969FE4FFCE8" blockId="27.[816,1449,1095,1903]" lastBlockId="28.[139,771,229,806]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">
Apart from the significant diagnostic difference of presence or absence of caudal tables,
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FB06F905FB13F935" authority="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FB06F905FA3FF912" box="[1197,1447,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Paracaudina championi</emphasis>
O’Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-López
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557DEFFAFC740FB0BF927FB64F934" box="[1184,1276,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FC9AF8C0FA8FF8D9" authority="Davey &amp; O'Loughlin, 2013" authorityName="Davey &amp; O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2013" box="[817,1303,1794,1816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FC9AF8C0FC72F8D9" box="[817,1002,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Paracaudina alta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFAFC740FC5FF8C0FA8FF8D9" author="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M." box="[1012,1303,1794,1816]" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="357 - 368" refId="ref18094" refString="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M. 2013. The caudinid sea cucumbers of New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae). Zootaxa 3613 (4): 357 - 368." type="journal article" year="2013">Davey &amp; O’Loughlin, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with its very irregular ossicle forms. But the thick, knobbed cup ossicles are quite dissimilar to the more regular ossicles of all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FCE0F89BFC49F8A0" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1932" box="[843,977,1881,1902]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FCE0F89BFC49F8A0" box="[843,977,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Paracaudina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The illustration of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFAFC740FB3CF898FB41F8A0" authorityName="Davey &amp; O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2013" box="[1175,1241,1881,1903]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFAFC740FB3CF898FB41F8A0" box="[1175,1241,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">P. alta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
body form (
<figureCitation id="13092A32FFAFC740FAFDF89BFA38F8A0" box="[1366,1440,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[148,208,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,891,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[147,1447,891,1813]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the southern part of the Kergulen Plateau detailing the Heard and McDonald Islands Territorial Sea, Exclusive Economic Zone, Marine Reserve and localities (map is courtesy of the Australian Antarctic Division © Commonwealth of Australia 2015). Names on the map in commas are used in this study but not formally recognized by the AAD." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213227/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="86">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFA8C747FF0DFF24FE5DFF34" author="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M." box="[166,453,229,251]" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" pagination="357 - 368" refId="ref18094" refString="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M. 2013. The caudinid sea cucumbers of New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae). Zootaxa 3613 (4): 357 - 368." type="journal article" year="2013">Davey &amp; O’Loughlin (2013)</bibRefCitation>
indicates that most of the body is cylindrical with a relatively short discrete tail, whereas for
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFA8C747FF26FEE2FE1EFEFB" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" box="[141,390,288,309]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFA8C747FF26FEE2FE1EFEFB" box="[141,390,288,309]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="87">Paracaudina championi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
about one third of the body exhibits a long caudal taper. Body wall ossicles for
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFA8C747FD87FEFCFDF7FE9C" authorityName="Davey &amp; O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2013" box="[556,623,317,339]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFA8C747FD87FEFCFDF7FE9C" box="[556,623,317,339]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="87">P. alta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFA8C747FF07FE98FE55FEA1" author="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M." box="[172,461,346,368]" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" pagination="357 - 368" refId="ref18094" refString="Davey, N. &amp; O'Loughlin, M. 2013. The caudinid sea cucumbers of New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae). Zootaxa 3613 (4): 357 - 368." type="journal article" year="2013">Davey &amp; O’Loughlin (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and also by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B46FFA8C747FDFBFE98FF53FE42" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Barmos, S. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D." pageId="28" pageNumber="87" pagination="37 - 65" refId="ref19563" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Barmos, S. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. 2011. The paracaudinid sea cucumbers of Australia and New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68: 37 - 65." type="journal article" year="2011">
O’Loughlin
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFA8C747FD64FE99FD64FEA1" box="[719,764,346,368]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
for the earlier conspecific
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFA8C747FE5FFEB5FD4FFE43" box="[500,727,375,397]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFA8C747FE5FFEB5FDE2FE42" box="[500,634,375,396]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="87">Paracaudina</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
We judge that amongst the very irregular ossicles of both species a basal distally-knobbed cross is sometimes evident amongst the ossicles of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFA8C747FE8FFE0DFE35FE2A" authorityName="O'Loughlin &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez" authorityYear="2015" box="[292,429,463,484]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="championi">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFA8C747FE8FFE0DFE35FE2A" box="[292,429,463,484]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="87">P. championi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not amongst those of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFA8C747FD12FE0DFD65FE2A" authorityName="Davey &amp; O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2013" box="[697,765,463,484]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFA8C747FD12FE0DFD65FE2A" box="[697,765,463,484]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="87">P. alta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Their respective occurrences north and south of the Antarctic Convergence, and considerable geographical separation, also discourage us from thinking that they are conspecific. We await molecular phylogenetic data for insight into these relationships of current
<taxonomicName id="4C324D34FFA8C747FE19FDA3FD39FDB9" box="[434,673,609,631]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAA5FFA8C747FE19FDA3FDA0FDB8" box="[434,568,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="87">Paracaudina</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
TMAG
<typeStatus id="54898815FFA8C747FF27FDBCFF77FD5D" box="[140,239,638,659]" pageId="28" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
have been confirmed by direct observation of TMAG loan material. “Other material” refers to lots that were identified in the AAD by comparison with voucher specimens that were identified by Mark O’Loughlin. These lots are held (unregistered) in the AAD and the determinations not confirmed by Mark O’Loughlin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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