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<mods:title id="551CC04F09AE3A180E898CFD084DE46E">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C37F4A6A11B490D01436780FC525C5A3">Maxwell, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9EC5B2E4F5E5676989DC4ECEA1ED325D">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Stephen. maxwell @ my. jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4328 - 6171</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="03570E20EC6D4EAD3ECC30C7304934A4">Rymer, Tasmin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6CF44B5BEA44973203FF406C837B6AC6">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC16AB65BCFC0D10A7F24C3E1FF3ABA3">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; brad. congdon @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8751 - 0892</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C328651E8757FFFDFF1EF77A117DF8C8" box="[151,595,1856,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958757FFFDFF1EF77A117DF8C8" blockId="13.[151,595,1856,1920]" box="[151,595,1856,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<heading id="D0C581F98757FFFDFF1EF77A117DF8C8" bold="true" box="[151,595,1856,1883]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168757FFFDFF1EF77A117DF8C8" authority="(Vredenberg, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Vredenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[151,595,1856,1883]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="naricus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFF1EF77A117DF8C8" bold="true" box="[151,595,1856,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFF1EF77A1275F8C9" bold="true" box="[151,347,1856,1883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Seraphs naricus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648757FFFDFEE2F77A1165F8C8" author="Vredenberg, E. W." box="[363,587,1856,1882]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 350" refId="ref43005" refString="Vredenberg, E. W. (1925) Descriptions of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 50, 1 - 350." type="journal article" year="1925">Vredenberg, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328651E8757FFFDFF1EF75F1226F812" box="[151,264,1893,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958757FFFDFF1EF75F1226F812" blockId="13.[151,595,1856,1920]" box="[151,264,1893,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<figureCitation id="13092A108757FFFDFF1EF75F1226F812" box="[151,264,1893,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[169,1422,191,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1435,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Seraphs Montfort, 1810. A. Seraphs minus (Vincent, 1913), length 7.1 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 9, 10). B. Seraphs naricus (Vredenberg, 1925), holotype, GSI 12614, length 38.6 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 2022). C. Seraphs olivaceus (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28577, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 32 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 6H, I). D. Seraphs peterjungi Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A28578, Collection de Paleontologie, length 16 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 15J, K, N). E. Seraphs placiferus (Bayan, 1870), lectotype, MNHN G2100, length 33.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 7, figs. 57). F. Seraphs sopita (Brander, 1766), lectotype, NHMUK GG21010, length 26.4 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 1, figs. 13). G. Seraphs squamosus (Martin, 1914), Lectotype, RGM, Leiden St10344, length 37.1 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 1719). H. Seraphs striatus (von Koenen, 1889), holotype, length 38.5 mm (von Koenen 1889, pl. I, figs. 7AC). I. Seraphs subconvolutus (dOrbigny, 1852), lectotype, MNHN UBT65-2-120, length 28 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 14A, B). J. Seraphs volutatus (Brander, 1766), MNHN A28776, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 17 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 6AC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026789/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328651E8757FFFDFF1EF79317C7F872" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958757FFFDFF1EF79317C7F872" blockId="13.[151,1436,1961,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8757FFFDFF1EF79317C7F872" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
1925
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168757FFFDFF59F79311AEF853" authority="Vredenberg" authorityName="Vredenberg" box="[208,640,1961,1985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="naricum" subGenus="Seraphs">
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFF59F793126EF853" box="[208,320,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Terebellum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFEC7F793128EF853" box="[334,416,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Seraphs</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFE27F790112CF853" box="[430,514,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">naricum</emphasis>
Vredenberg
</taxonomicName>
, p. 323, pl. 13, figs. 4AC.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848757FFFDFC1FF790176EF853" author="Jung, P." box="[918,1088,1961,1986]" page="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648757FFFDFC1FF790172FF853" author="Jung, P." box="[918,1025,1961,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 28
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. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168757FFFDFBD7F7931236F872" authority="Vredenberg" authorityName="Vredenberg" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="naricus" subGenus="Seraphs">
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFBD7F793179EF853" box="[1118,1200,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Seraphs</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFB37F793163EF853" box="[1214,1296,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Seraphs</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFA97F7901644F853" box="[1310,1386,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">naricus</emphasis>
Vredenberg
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFE91F7F31201F872" box="[280,303,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848757FFFDFEA6F7F212F7F872" author="Jung, P." box="[303,473,1992,2016]" page="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648757FFFDFEA6F7F212B4F872" author="Jung, P." box="[303,410,1992,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 28
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6, figs. 2022. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168757FFFDFD38F7F210FCF872" authority="Vredenberg" authorityName="Vredenberg" box="[689,978,1992,2016]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="naricus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878757FFFDFD38F7F2107BF872" box="[689,853,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Seraphs naricus</emphasis>
Vredenberg
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848757FFFDFC62F7F217CBF872" author="Harzhauser, M." box="[1003,1253,1992,2016]" page="138" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648757FFFDFC62F7F217B6F872" author="Harzhauser, M." box="[1003,1176,1992,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="123 - 156" refId="ref36218" refString="Harzhauser, M. (2009) Aquitanian gastropods of coastal Tanzania and their biogeographic implications for early western Indo- Pacific. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 289, 123 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / pala / 289 / 2009 / 123" type="journal article" year="2009">Harzhauser 2009</bibRefCitation>
, p. 138
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8754FFFEFF1EF0811076FE8F" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958754FFFEFF1EF08113CEFF6B" blockId="14.[151,1437,186,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B946EA878754FFFEFF1EF0811266FF46" bold="true" box="[151,328,186,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC88754FFFEFEDBF08113CEFF6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081318" accessionNumber="GSI 12614" collectionCode="GSI" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548988378754FFFEFEDBF0811294FF47" box="[338,442,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED23AE508754FFFEFE5EF081112DFF47" box="[471,515,187,213]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jprb-qxkv" name="Geological Survey of India" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GSI</collectionCode>
12614. The type measures
<quantity id="4CCA9B708754FFFEFCCEF0811080FF47" box="[839,942,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.86" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="38.6">38.6 mm</quantity>
in length, with a width of
<quantity id="4CCA9B708754FFFEFB64F081167AFF47" box="[1261,1364,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648754FFFEFAEFF08113FDFF6B" author="Jung, P." pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958754FFFEFF4EF1391076FE8F" blockId="14.[151,1437,186,465]" box="[199,856,258,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC88754FFFEFF4EF139107AFE8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081301" box="[199,852,258,285]" country="Pakistan" location="Bhagothoro Hill" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sindh" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EA878754FFFEFF4EF1391248FE8E" bold="true" box="[199,358,258,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<typeStatus id="548988378754FFFEFF4EF139122CFE8F" box="[199,258,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED604E8754FFFEFEE5F1391108FE8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838757FFFEFF1EF77A1750FE43:8EED604E8754FFFEFEE5F1391108FE8F" box="[364,550,259,285]" country="Pakistan" name="Bhagothoro Hill" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Sindh">Bhagothoro Hill</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778754FFFEFDB8F1391149FE8F" box="[561,615,259,285]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Sind</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32576058754FFFEFDFBF13911FFFE8F" box="[626,721,259,285]" name="Pakistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
[Rupelian]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8754FFFEFF4EF11C1750FE43" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958754FFFEFF4EF11C16AAFEF7" blockId="14.[151,1437,186,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B946EA878754FFFEFF4EF11C126CFED2" bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The shell is slender and cylindrical with a moderately pointed apex. The aperture is long and narrow. The labrum is thin and prosocyrt near the adapical end of the aperture, becoming opisthocline on the teleoconch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958754FFFEFF4EF155178DFE1B" blockId="14.[151,1437,186,465]" box="[199,1187,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
Distribution.? OLIGOCENE—Rupelian—
<emphasis id="B946EA878754FFFEFD24F1551021FE1B" box="[685,783,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058754FFFEFD24F1551021FE1B" box="[685,783,367,393]" name="Pakistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Bhagothoro Hill,
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778754FFFEFC52F1551720FE1B" box="[987,1038,367,393]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Sind</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648754FFFEFB94F15517B9FE1B" author="Jung, P." box="[1053,1175,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958754FFFEFF4EF1A91750FE43" blockId="14.[151,1437,186,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
Remarks. This species is known only from one broken example. It is one of the earliest
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168754FFFEFB10F1A917DDFE3F" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[1177,1267,403,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878754FFFEFB10F1A917DDFE3F" box="[1177,1267,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Seraphs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is considered a transitional stage to
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168754FFFEFE4DF18D116EFE43" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[452,576,439,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878754FFFEFE4DF18D116EFE43" box="[452,576,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Terebellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based in geological time and location (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648754FFFEFC7EF18D175FFE43" author="Jung, P." box="[1015,1137,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>