175 lines
23 KiB
XML
175 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ED91D94979827E21CC508A76F6F6D783">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="64B36A6AB2A105FB9AC7896D3459A68F">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="39E0A4558697109AB218A4B45C05983F" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="44EF0BB27938AADF2C2E7115BB633CF5">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B8F354EBAC1F5D8256F6B64FD09488A1" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E0C6EF0FC586112127222EA4A63DD51E">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AF211D1F5A6F1D4ABC24BF3F24165B9">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C5B84FE457F87DC825EE21C555ED34E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6AEE8F2EC47F7C26EFE3A0DB6034A79F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AEC0318264488ACDC023A73D81866532">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFFE9FFC1E0D0575C8F40FE55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518014" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFE9FFC1E0D0575C8F40FE55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFFE9FFC1E0D0575C8F40FE55" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE9FFC3E0D0575C8F41F882" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE9FFC3E0D0575C8C56FA56" blockId="40.[151,1437,1392,2031]" box="[151,369,1392,1419]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="604781C1FFE9FFC3E0D0575C8C56FA56" bold="true" box="[151,369,1392,1419]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE9FFC3E0D0575C8C56FA56" ID-CoL="M7XS" ID-ENA="2364978" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[151,369,1392,1419]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Boana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE9FFC3E0D0575C8C56FA56" bold="true" box="[151,369,1392,1419]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Boana cinerascens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE9FFC3E08057B98F41F882" blockId="40.[151,1437,1392,2031]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE9FFC3E08057B98CF7FA72" bold="true" box="[199,464,1428,1454]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on three tadpoles at Stages 33, 37 and 39 (LCS 576, 654). Total length
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFE9FFC3E0A157958C6BFA0F" box="[230,332,1464,1491]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="28.3">28.3 mm</quantity>
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(Stage 37) and 33.0 mm (Stage 39). Body elongated oval in dorsal view and globular/depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE9FFC3E10B57F18CF1FA2A" box="[332,470,1500,1526]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1611,1635]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,283,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-53@41.[151,1436,273,1588]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Tadpole of Boana cinerascens (LCS 654) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518006/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes medium-sized, dorsally positioned and dorsolaterally directed. Nostrils small, oval, dorsolaterally positioned, near to eyes, with opening anterolaterally directed, with a large triangular projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE9FFC3E464540989ADF9E2" box="[1059,1162,1572,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1611,1635]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,283,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-53@41.[151,1436,273,1588]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Tadpole of Boana cinerascens (LCS 654) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518006/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
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) ventral, ventrolaterally emarginate; marginal papillae conical, uniseriate, with narrow dorsal and ventral gaps. Submarginal papillae absent. LTRF 2(1-2)/3-4(1); A1 and A2 of the same length; P2 slightly longer than P1; P3 slightly shorter than P2. P4, when present, very short. Jaw sheaths moderately wide, finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, conical, short and wide, posteriorly directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube medial, fused to the ventral fin, with a dextral opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin of moderate height and convex, originating at the tail-body junction; ventral fin shallow, slightly convex. Tail tip pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE9FFC2E08055458857F8E7" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE9FFC3E08055458EEAF816" blockId="40.[151,1437,1392,2031]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE9FFC3E08055458C07F85E" bold="true" box="[199,288,1896,1922]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative dorsum greenish brown with scattered rounded white chromatophores; caudal musculature light brown; fins translucent. In life body transparent olive brown with scattered white cromathopores; tail transparent with scattered white chromatophores (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE9FFC3E280559D8E0AF816" box="[711,813,1968,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1611,1635]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,283,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-53@41.[151,1436,273,1588]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Tadpole of Boana cinerascens (LCS 654) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518006/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
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) (Hero 1990).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE9FFC3E08055F9897AF832" blockId="40.[151,1437,1392,2031]" box="[199,1117,2004,2031]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE9FFC3E08055F98C18F832" bold="true" box="[199,319,2004,2030]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Variation.</emphasis>
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LTRF 2(2)/3, 2(2)/3(1), 2(2)/3(1,2), or 2(1,2)/3(1) at Stages 25 and 26.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE8FFC2E08052BA8DF2FF25" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,249]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E08052BA8C4FFF6D" bold="true" box="[199,360,151,177]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Metamorphs.</emphasis>
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In preservative unpigmented; skin translucent and musculature light cream; many white chromatophores on dorsum and sides and, to a lesser extent, venter; venter translucent; diffuse spots between eyes (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE8FFC2E52852968DEFFF25" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1611,1635]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,283,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-53@41.[151,1436,273,1588]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Tadpole of Boana cinerascens (LCS 654) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518006/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FFE8FFC2E0D054668810F95B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518006/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[151,250,1611,1635]" targetBox="[151,1436,283,1588]" targetPageId="41">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE8FFC2E0D054668810F95B" blockId="41.[151,1436,1611,1671]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E0D054668C07F9BF" bold="true" box="[151,288,1611,1635]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE8FFC2E1DE54618F7EF9BF" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[409,601,1612,1635]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Boana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E1DE54618F7EF9BF" box="[409,601,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Boana cinerascens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(LCS 654) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE8FFC2E08054988857F8E7" blockId="41.[151,1436,1717,2032]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E08054988CA3F913" bold="true" box="[199,388,1717,1743]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Eggs are deposited in clumps in streamside ponds in terra-firme forests. Clutches contain from 165 to 298 pigmented eggs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E19F54F48FBFF92F" author="Lima, A. P. & Magnusson, W. E. & Menin, M. & Erdtmann, L. K. & Rodrigues, D. J. & Keller, C." box="[472,664,1753,1779]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref79759" refString="Lima, A. P., Magnusson, W. E., Menin, M., Erdtmann, L. K., Rodrigues, D. J., Keller, C. & H ˆ dl, W. (2012) Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. 2 nd Edition. Editora INPA, Manaus, 187 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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<collectingRegion id="F974F84FFFE8FFC2E19F54F48F32F92F" box="[472,533,1753,1779]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lima</collectingRegion>
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E25B54F78F72F92F" box="[540,597,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E2E454F48E4DF92F" author="Telles, D. O. C. & Vaz, S. A. F. & Menin, M." box="[675,874,1753,1779]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="69 - 76" refId="ref84548" refString="Telles, D. O. C., Vaz, S. A. F. & Menin, M. (2013) Reproductive biology, size and diet of Hypsiboas cinerascens (Anura: Hylidae) in two urban forest fragments in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Phyllomedusa - Journal of Herpetology, 12, 69 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2316 - 9079. v 12 i 1 p 69 - 76" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Telles
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E2AA54F78E01F92F" box="[749,806,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles are found in streamside ponds and less frequently in streams in terra-firme forests. Tadpoles are found in most months of the year. In experiments tadpoles were found to be moderately oophagous and to be preyed upon by fish (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E3FB550C891FF8E7" author="Hero, J-M." box="[956,1080,1825,1851]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref77845" refString="Hero, J-M. (1991) Predation, palatability and the distribution of tadpoles in the Amazon Rainforest. PhD Thesis, Griffith University, Brisbane, 234 pp." type="book" year="1991">Hero 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E404550F8844F8E7" author="Magnusson, W. E. & Hero, J-M." box="[1091,1379,1825,1852]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="310 - 318" refId="ref80103" refString="Magnusson, W. E. & Hero, J-M. (1991) Predation and the evolution of complex oviposition behaviour in Amazon rainforest frogs. Oecologia, 86, 310 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00317595" type="journal article" year="1991">Magnusson & Hero 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE8FFC1E08055688F40FE55" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE8FFC1E08055688F40FE55" blockId="41.[151,1436,1717,2032]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1436,150,393]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E08055688C68F883" bold="true" box="[199,335,1861,1887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles were described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE8FFC2E2DD55688E11F883" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" box="[666,822,1861,1887]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE8FFC2E2DD55688E11F883" box="[666,822,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hyla granosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E32455688902F883" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[867,1061,1861,1887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE8FFC2E429556889EAF883" box="[1134,1229,1861,1887]" name="Ecuador" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E49D556888BBF8BC" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1242,1436,1861,1888]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE8FFC2E09355478C20F858" box="[212,263,1898,1924]" name="Peru" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E11855448F47F85F" author="Mijares-Urrutia, A." box="[351,608,1897,1923]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="143 - 147" refId="ref81331" refString="Mijares-Urrutia, A. (1993) The tadpole of Hyla granosa (Anura: Hylidae) from southeastern Venezuela. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 66, 143 - 147." type="journal article" year="1993">Mijares-Urrutia (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE8FFC2E37255448E8CF85F" box="[821,939,1897,1923]" name="Venezuela" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and illustrated by Hero (1990) from Central Amazonia. Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE8FFC2E1F855A08F3BF87B" box="[447,540,1933,1959]" name="Ecuador" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting body ovoid, spiracle lateroventral and posterodorsally directed, oral disc anteroventral and laterally emarginate, with a dorsal gap on marginal papillae, and LTRF 1(1)/2. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE8FFC2E22355F88E41F833" author="Mijares-Urrutia, A." box="[612,870,2005,2031]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="143 - 147" refId="ref81331" refString="Mijares-Urrutia, A. (1993) The tadpole of Hyla granosa (Anura: Hylidae) from southeastern Venezuela. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 66, 143 - 147." type="journal article" year="1993">Mijares-Urrutia (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
this LRTF may be due to the early developmental stage (Stage 25) described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFEBFFC1E1B452BA8F9EFF6D" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[499,697,151,177]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Tadpoles from Central Amazonia (Hero 1990; Plate 10) present LTRF 2(1,2)/3-4(1)[2] with a much shorter ventral gap than the tadpoles herein characterized. Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFEBFFC1E52052968DF8FF25" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFEBFFC1E0AA52F28CF8FF25" author="Mijares-Urrutia, A." box="[237,479,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="143 - 147" refId="ref81331" refString="Mijares-Urrutia, A. (1993) The tadpole of Hyla granosa (Anura: Hylidae) from southeastern Venezuela. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 66, 143 - 147." type="journal article" year="1993">Mijares-Urrutia 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differ from those herein characterized by presenting marginal papillae biseriate with only a dorsal gap, LTRF 2(2)/4(1), and oral disc laterally emarginate. Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFEBFFC1E412532E89AFFEC1" box="[1109,1160,259,285]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting body ovoid, nostrils without projection on marginal rim (“narial papillae” in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFEBFFC1E569530A8DF4FEB9" author="Duellman, W. E." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), spiracle posterodosally directed, dorsal fin originating on caudal musculature, marginal papillae irregularly biseriate posteriorly, and LTRF 2(2)/3(1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |