160 lines
21 KiB
XML
160 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2A465B206433B750B121043FBF23D75D">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F0EBD2E6C6B75961D5332BD8ED42B99">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A38BFEE71D77EA2CFEB96E6D4704FBB1" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9B4F5427B5CD114A1121ABA81C2132F9">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FE179913CA342F9032DFD1295FADD06F" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="393A1ADEED02997093CC887461E68FB5">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0422CBC9419C3C79376E89F74869FFE">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A6BF08892D7FADC7F1CE4BED21F3A8AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D897DBEB6AF65E5C40F9EF3D319D9CD8">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C4517BD5DB29BEB3576AB72E8A3D38A9">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFF8FFFBBE0D0577B8E3FFEB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518144" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFF8FFFBBE0D0577B8E3FFEB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFF8FFFBBE0D0577B8E3FFEB9" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF8FFFA5E0D0577B8FE5F899" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF8FFFA5E0D0577B8CE3FAAD" blockId="78.[151,1437,1366,2041]" box="[151,452,1366,1393]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<heading id="604781C1FF8FFFA5E0D0577B8CE3FAAD" bold="true" box="[151,452,1366,1393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF8FFFA5E0D0577B8CE3FAAD" ID-CoL="57PVH" ID-ENA="371711" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,452,1366,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Trachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriaceus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8FFFA5E0D0577B8CE3FAAD" bold="true" box="[151,452,1366,1393]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Trachycephalus coriaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF8FFFA5E08057568FE5F899" blockId="78.[151,1437,1366,2041]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8FFFA5E08057568CE8FA49" bold="true" box="[199,463,1403,1429]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on two tadpoles at Stages 36 and 37 (LCS 630, 645). Total length
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<quantity id="FC489B48FF8FFFA5E0D057B28DDCFA65" box="[151,251,1439,1466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.59" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="35.9">35.9 mm</quantity>
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(Stage 36) and
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(Stage 37). Body elongate oval in dorsal view and triangular in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF8FFFA5E52857B28DCCFA01" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,464,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-144@79.[151,1436,452,1919]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. Tadpole of Trachycephalus coriaceus (LCS 631) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) lateral and (E) dorsolateral view of live tadpole, and (E) newly metamorphosed froglet. In (E) note conspicuous lateral line system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518104/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 49A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout truncate in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes medium-sized, positioned and directed laterally. Nostrils small, circular, laterally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF8FFFA5E1F454268F3DF9F9" box="[435,538,1547,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,464,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-144@79.[151,1436,452,1919]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. Tadpole of Trachycephalus coriaceus (LCS 631) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) lateral and (E) dorsolateral view of live tadpole, and (E) newly metamorphosed froglet. In (E) note conspicuous lateral line system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518104/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
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) anteroventral, ventrolaterally emarginate; marginal papillae conical, biseriate, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae present laterally. LTRF 4(1,2,4)/6(1); Ae1 and Ae2 shorter and fragmented, A1 continuous and A2 interrupted, both longer than others; P1 shorter than all other rows. Anterior jaw sheath wider than posterior jaw sheath, both finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath U-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, conical, short and wide, posterodorsally directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube medial, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin of moderate height, originating on the posterior third of the body, convex; ventral fin shallow and convex. Tail tip pointed. Lateral lines visible.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF8FFFA4E08055628CF2FE70" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF8FFFA5E08055628F56F825" blockId="78.[151,1437,1366,2041]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8FFFA5E08055628C07F8B5" bold="true" box="[199,288,1871,1897]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative body and caudal musculature grayish brown with wide black spots; venter translucent; fins translucent with scattered melanophores. In life body pale to dark grayish brown commonly with wide black spots; caudal musculature pale to dark brown, commonly with black spots, with one dorsolateral and one ventrolateral white stripe per side; fins transparent with or without melanophores; venter silvery white; iris golden to cooper (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF8FFFA5E0D855F28C02F825" box="[159,293,2015,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,464,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-144@79.[151,1436,452,1919]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. Tadpole of Trachycephalus coriaceus (LCS 631) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) lateral and (E) dorsolateral view of live tadpole, and (E) newly metamorphosed froglet. In (E) note conspicuous lateral line system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518104/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 49D–E</figureCitation>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF8FFFA5E17C55F28F43F825" author="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G." box="[315,612,2015,2041]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="404 - 407" refId="ref83216" refString="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G. (1996) The tadpole of Phrynohyas coriacea (Hylidae), with comments on the species' reproduction. Journal of Herpetology, 30, 404 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565179" type="journal article" year="1996">Schiesari & Moreira 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF8EFFA4E08052BB893CFF24" blockId="79.[151,1437,150,428]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8EFFA4E08052BB8C4FFF6C" bold="true" box="[199,360,150,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metamorphs.</emphasis>
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Dorsum bronze with black spots; venter white; eyes red; loreal area cream; black canthal stripe continues laterally until angles of jaw; limbs greenish brown, except for cream dorsum of arms and heels; fingers and toes translucent orange; bones green (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF8EFFA4E22A52F38FE8FF24" box="[621,719,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,464,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-144@79.[151,1436,452,1919]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. Tadpole of Trachycephalus coriaceus (LCS 631) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) lateral and (E) dorsolateral view of live tadpole, and (E) newly metamorphosed froglet. In (E) note conspicuous lateral line system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518104/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49F</figureCitation>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF8EFFA4E2A252F38928FF24" author="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G." box="[741,1039,222,248]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="404 - 407" refId="ref83216" refString="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G. (1996) The tadpole of Phrynohyas coriacea (Hylidae), with comments on the species' reproduction. Journal of Herpetology, 30, 404 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565179" type="journal article" year="1996">Schiesari & Moreira 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF8EFFA4E080532F8CF2FE70" blockId="79.[151,1437,150,428]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8EFFA4E080532F8CA3FEC0" bold="true" box="[199,388,258,284]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Natural history.</emphasis>
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One gravid female of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF8EFFA4E23A532E8E23FEC0" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[637,772,259,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Trachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriaceus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8EFFA4E23A532E8E23FEC0" box="[637,772,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">T. coriaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF8EFFA4E300532F8E83FEC0" box="[839,932,258,284]" name="Ecuador" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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contained 1,430 ovarian eggs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF8EFFA4E4B9532F88B7FEC0" author="Crump, M. L." box="[1278,1424,258,284]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref75836" refString="Crump, M. L. (1974) Reproductive strategies in a tropical anuran community. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 61, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1974">Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
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). Clutches from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF8EFFA4E179530A8C56FE9D" box="[318,369,295,321]" name="Peru" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Peru</collectingCountry>
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contain from 1,150 to 1,350 eggs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF8EFFA4E2BD530B8E88FE9D" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[762,943,294,321]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Pigmented eggs are deposited in a circular monolayer film on the water surface. The only reproductive event recorded in Central Amazonia occurred immediately after a heavy storm formed a large (
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<quantity id="FC489B48FF8EFFA4E23B53438FE2FE55" box="[636,709,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
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<superScript id="CCC59BE5FF8EFFA4E28253438FEAFEA0" attach="left" box="[709,717,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">2</superScript>
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,
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deep), temporary, isolated forest pond in terra-firme forest (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF8EFFA4E0D853BF8CEFFE70" author="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G." box="[159,456,402,428]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="404 - 407" refId="ref83216" refString="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G. (1996) The tadpole of Phrynohyas coriacea (Hylidae), with comments on the species' reproduction. Journal of Herpetology, 30, 404 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565179" type="journal article" year="1996">Schiesari & Moreira 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FF8EFFA4E0D055BA8F14F824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518104/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[151,1436,464,1919]" targetPageId="79">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF8EFFA4E0D055BA8F14F824" blockId="79.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8EFFA4E0D055BA8C07F873" bold="true" box="[151,288,1943,1967]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 49.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF8EFFA4E1DC55BA8F83F873" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[411,676,1943,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Trachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF8EFFA4E1DC55BA8F83F873" box="[411,676,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Trachycephalus coriaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LCS 631) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) lateral and (E) dorsolateral view of live tadpole, and (E) newly metamorphosed froglet. In (E) note conspicuous lateral line system.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF91FFBBE08052BB8E3FFEB9" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF91FFBBE08052BB8E3FFEB9" blockId="80.[151,1436,150,357]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF91FFBBE08052BB8C68FF6C" bold="true" box="[199,335,150,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles from the same lot described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF91FFBBE35B52BA8968FF6D" author="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G." box="[796,1103,151,177]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="404 - 407" refId="ref83216" refString="Schiesari, L. C. & Moreira, G. (1996) The tadpole of Phrynohyas coriacea (Hylidae), with comments on the species' reproduction. Journal of Herpetology, 30, 404 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565179" type="journal article" year="1996">Schiesari & Moreira (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting snout rounded in lateral view, spiracle lateroventral, oral disc non-emarginate, and marginal papillae row uniseriate to biseriate. Tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF91FFBBE2F152F28E18FF24" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[694,831,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Trachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF91FFBBE2F152F28E18FF24" box="[694,831,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">T. coriaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF91FFBBE3C252F28E9FFF25" box="[901,952,223,249]" name="Peru" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF91FFBBE41F52F2883EFF25" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1112,1305,222,249]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view, vent tube dextral, submarginal papillae absent, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped, LTRF 4(1,3,4)/7(1) and posterior tooth rows shorter than the anterior ones, being P6 and P7 the shortest and poorly developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |