209 lines
21 KiB
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209 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6274" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b46403b-c2fb-4977-bc90-e7e6d10674f5" ID-PMC="PMC4740820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-555-11" ID-PubMed="26877685" ID-ZBK="D4A70C715BB0424393E9299A631699AC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-555-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 555" ModsDocTitle="A new monster from southwest Oregon forests: Cryptomasterbehemoth sp. n. (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea)" checkinTime="1453318018580" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Starrett, James, Derkarabetian, Shahan, Richart, Casey H., Cabrero, Allan & Hedin, Marshal" docDate="2016" docId="F4DA84FC522C8903F1C2F2C949811E58" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 555: 11-35" docOrigin="ZooKeys 555" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6274" docTitle="Cryptomaster behemoth Starrett & Derkarabetian, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="6F8DCC84-A59D-4FEC-AB7C-0A05678D8223" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="DC70FFD2FFB3FFA9324AF5278972A540" masterDocTitle="A new monster from southwest Oregon forests: Cryptomasterbehemoth sp. n. (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668162491637" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new monster from southwest Oregon forests: Cryptomasterbehemoth sp. n. (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starrett, James</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Derkarabetian, Shahan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richart, Casey H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cabrero, Allan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>555</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>35</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6274</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6274</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-555-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">D4A70C715BB0424393E9299A631699AC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D4A70C715BB0424393E9299A631699AC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875759" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F8DCC84-A59D-4FEC-AB7C-0A05678D8223" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4DA84FC522C8903F1C2F2C949811E58" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Taxon classification Animalia Opiliones Cladonychiidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6F8DCC84-A59D-4FEC-AB7C-0A05678D8223" authority="Starrett & Derkarabetian" class="Arachnida" family="Cryptomastridae" genus="Cryptomaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptomaster behemoth" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behemoth">Cryptomaster behemoth Starrett & Derkarabetian</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="19">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures: map 1; habitus 5B, D, 7B, D, F; somatic 6B, 8B, D, F; penis 6D, F, 9B, D, F; ovipositor 10F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cryptomastridae" genus="Cryptomaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptomaster leviathan" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="20" start="start">Cryptomaster</pageBreakToken>
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leviathan
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</taxonomicName>
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[partim]
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<bibRefCitation author="Derkarabetian, S" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" title="Repeated and time-correlated morphological convergence in cave-dwelling harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) from montane western North America." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0010388" volume="5" year="2010">Derkarabetian et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cryptomastridae" genus="Cryptomaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptomaster leviathan" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Cryptomaster leviathan</taxonomicName>
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[partim]
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<bibRefCitation author="Shear, WA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="16" pageNumber="27" pagination="248 - 256" title="Chemical defenses in the opilionid infraorder Insidiatores: divergence in chemical defenses between Triaenonychidae and Travunioidea and within travunioid harvestmen (Opiliones) from eastern and western North America." url="10.1636/B14-41.1" volume="42" year="2014">Shear et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, which refers to the large size of this species. Like
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<taxonomicName genus="Laniatores" lsidName="Laniatores leviathan" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="leviathan">leviathan</taxonomicName>
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, the specific epithet
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<taxonomicName genus="Laniatores" lsidName="Laniatores behemoth" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="behemoth">behemoth</taxonomicName>
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is derived from Hebrew; these are the names of two large and powerful beasts mentioned in the Book of Job.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Holotype male and allotype female (deposited in CAS, CASENT9039221; SDSU_OP4026, SDSU_OP4029) from near Brice Creek, Brice Creek Road, 3.3 miles southeast of Forest Service Road 17, Umpqua National Forest, Lane County, Oregon;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="43.6749">N43.6749°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-122.729">W122.7290°</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 418 m; 29 March 2015; habitat:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer macrophyllum" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">Acer macrophyllum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thuja plicata" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plicata">Thuja plicata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polystichum munitum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="munitum">Polystichum munitum</taxonomicName>
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forest; in and under large woody debris and other forest litter; collectors: J. Starrett, S. Derkarabetian, A. Cabrero, C. Richart. Paratypes: One female (deposited in CAS) from identical locality and information as holotype and allotype. Three females (two deposited in CAS, 1 deposited in SDSU_TAC; SDSU_TAC0000023) from Goodman Creek Road, off OR 58, northwest of Oakridge, Lane County, Oregon;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="43.8429">N43.8429°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-122.6854">W122.6854°</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 340 m; 19 August 2014; habitat: old growth Douglas fir forest/woody debris; collectors: M Hedin, E Ciaccio, A Cabrero, J Starrett, S Derkarabetian. Two females (one each deposited in CAS and SDSU_TAC; SDSU_TAC0000234) from Brice Creek, Brice Creek Road, 3.3 miles southeast of FS 17, Umpqua National Forest, Lane County, Oregon;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="43.676">N43.6760°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-122.729">W122.7290°</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 418 m; 29 March 2015; habitat:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer macrophyllum" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">Acer macrophyllum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thuja plicata" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plicata">Thuja plicata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polystichum munitum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="munitum">Polystichum munitum</taxonomicName>
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forest; woody debris and litter; collectors: J Starrett, S Derkarabetian, A Cabrero, C Richart. One female (deposited in SDSU_TAC; SDSU_TAC0000028) from Highway 126, near Quartz Creek Road, Lane County, Oregon;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="44.1248">N44.1248°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-122.3846">W122.3846°</geoCoordinate>
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; elevation 300 m; 19 August 2014; habitat: decent
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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forest; woody debris; collectors: M Hedin, E Ciaccio, A Cabrero, J Starrett, S Derkarabetian.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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This species differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cryptomastridae" genus="Cryptomaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptomaster leviathan" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Cryptomaster leviathan</taxonomicName>
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by having the enlarged SBT of PT rounded (Fig. 6B), and keel-shaped protrusion of dorsal plate of penis with apical pair of spines appressed and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the penis (Fig. 6D, F).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="genetic data">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Genetic data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">GenBank Accession numbers: HM056724, KU059631-KU59638, KU059657-KU059666, KU059680-KU059689, KU059703-KU059712, KU059719-KU59728.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="morphbank images">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Morphbank images.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">CASENT9039221, Holotype, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855951</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20"><http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855951>, 1 image</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">CASENT9039221, Paratype, Morphbank Specimen ID 855929,</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20"><http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855929>, 1 image</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">SDSU_TAC000023.5, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855929</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20"><http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855929>, 1 SEM image</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">SDSU_TAC000023.6, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855930</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20"><http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855930>, 12 SEM images</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">SDSU_TAC000203, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855932</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20"><http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855932>, 16 SEM images</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="21" start="start">SDSU</pageBreakToken>
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_OP1641, GUID: 38c9a86e-088d-4040-8988-af37fa74ad84
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21"><http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14702249>, 1 image</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">SDSU_OP1641, Morphbank Specimen ID: 835725</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21"><http://www.morphbank.net/?id=835725>, 2 images</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">SDSU_OP1642, GUID: 8558ef80-a8c7-439d-bd93-dba8ec8d11d4</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21"><http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14702250>, 1 image</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">MALE: Measurements of holotype male, with the average and range of all nine specimens measured in parentheses (Suppl. material 1: Table S4).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">Body length 3.40, scute length 2.69 (2.46; 1.97-2.75), scute width 2.58 (2.41; 1.97-2.75), prosoma width 1.88 (1.77; 1.48-1.94). Shoulder tubercles present but small. Scute microgranulate. Integument color without contrast dorsally at midline between prosoma and opisthosoma in all individuals. OC a low broad mound; height 0.14; width 0.59 (0.52; 0.39-0.59). Eye color dark brown; surrounding integument with black pigment. Ventral surface microgranulate. GO length 0.32 (0.31; 0.27-0.32), width 0.28 (0.27; 0.26-0.29).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">Mesal SBT of PT relatively low, rounded, with seta near apex of tubercle. PF length 2.0 (1.78; 1.38-2.03), PF depth 0.76 (0.65; 0.44-0.8), with 4-6 ventral spines, with the basal pair prominent, usually 3 enlarged dorsal spines (sometimes 4), and 2 enlarged distal prolateral spines. Pedipalp patella with 2 (one specimen with 3) enlarged prolateral spines and 1 ventroretrolateral spine; tibia with rows of 5 enlarged pro- and retrolateral spines; tarsus with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral enlarged spines. PCS with 2 dorsal anterior spines (sometimes 1-3); and with 2 small retrolateral spines (sometimes 1); DCS with 2 rows of small, dorsal, forward-facing acute SBTs. PCS width 0.37, DCS length 1.63, DCS width 0.47.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">
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Leg II length 10.59 (9.88; 8.15-11.0); trochanter 0.58 (0.53; 0.41-0.59), femur 2.66 (2.45; 1.99-2.72), patella 0.84 (0.8; 0.64-0.89), tibia 2.26 (2.14; 1.73-2.4), metatarsus 2.33 (2.22; 1.82-2.48), tarsus 1.93 (1.81; 1.54-1.97); tibia distally and ventrally swollen, with 3-5 rounded SBTs, 2-4 with setae twisted. Tarsal claw as for genus. Tarsal count 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–13–5–">-13-5-</normalizedToken>
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6; variation exists in the number of LII tarsal segments.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">Penis elongate; glans laterally compressed, dorsal plate extending outward into a more rounded keel shaped protrusion, with two pairs of spines, both pairs appressed to plate (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the penis); ventral plate cultriform with dorsally curved apical process.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">FEMALE: Measurements of allotype female, with the average and range of all 10 specimens measured in parentheses (Suppl. material 1: Table S4). Descriptive characters as for males unless otherwise noted.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="21">Body length 2.94, scute length 2.35 (2.29; 2.05-2.69), scute width 2.5 (2.52; 2.23-2.75), prosoma width 1.62 (1.61; 1.49-1.76). Integument color darker than males, usually with light contrast dorsally at midline between prosoma and opisthosoma (in 7 of 8 individuals). OC height 0.12; width 0.47 (0.47; 0.4-0.52).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="22" start="start">Mesal</pageBreakToken>
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SBT of PT relatively low, rounded, with seta near apex of tubercle. PF length 1.53 (1.48; 1.39-1.64), PF depth 0.54 (0.53; 0.47-0.61), with 6 or 7 ventral spines (sometimes 5), with the basal pair prominent, with 3 enlarged dorsal spines (sometimes 4), and 2 enlarged distal prolateral spines (sometimes 1). Pedipalp patella with 2 enlarged prolateral spines and 1 ventroretrolateral spine. PCS with 2 anterior spines dorsally, with 2 small retrolateral spines; PCS length 0.30; DCS length 1.19, width 0.28.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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LII length 8.66 (8.51; 8.15-9.38); trochanter 0.5 (0.49; 0.44-0.59), femur 2.15 (2.06; 1.95-2.29), patella 0.68 (0.69; 0.66-0.76), tibia 1.78 (1.79; 1.68-1.96), metatarsus 1.95 (1.91; 1.82-2.1), tarsus 1.6 (1.57; 1.55-1.69); Tarsal count 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–11–">-11-</normalizedToken>
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5-6; variation exists in the number of LII tarsal segments.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">GO length 0.3 (0.3; 0.27-0.34), width 0.29 (0.3; 0.27-0.36).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Ovipositor with four lobes, lateral lobes largest with seven apical setae, and a single large spine with a bifurcate tip, ventral lobe smallest.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">See Suppl. material 1: Tables S1 and S4 for locality information of all specimens examined.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Distribution and Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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For specific localities, habitats, and microhabitats see Suppl. material 1: Table S1. This species is distributed in the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon east and southeast of Eugene from Brice Creek in the Row River Drainage north to the north side of the McKenzie, with all known localities in Lane County. It is possible that populations occur further north in the western Cascades (Fig. 1). Habitats and microhabitats do not obviously differ from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cryptomastridae" genus="Cryptomaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptomaster leviathan" order="Opiliones" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Cryptomaster leviathan</taxonomicName>
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, found in mature coniferous or mixed coniferous and hardwood forests, most often associated with large woody debris and bark.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |