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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="D8998AE4404D5D0A69D02975D0AD9BD8" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Crocuta crocuta" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="572" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="572" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1C770E8B5D0979CCAE4D5813EBC1DAA7">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07215D0F40CFC0CB42C6DE702D2E99C3">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="674B3EE2EC4713C46C10B5F49A2F35F3">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D8A12D6AFB58F889AF63E41D985122D9">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D8998AE4404D5D0A69D02975D0AD9BD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11344546" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231547965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11344546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D8998AE4404D5D0A69D02975D0AD9BD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8998AE4404D5D0A69D02975D0AD9BD8" lastPageNumber="572" pageNumber="572" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000684">
<subSubSection id="5A81BFFD5A5488FD9AC90A81DFB6C6A8" pageNumber="572" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="998F1661EEE53192C6EC7EC4CB0603AF" pageNumber="572">
<taxonomicName id="8D0C44D1567B673F5265196EEB832046" ID-CoL="ZL56" authority="(Erxleben 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocuta">
<emphasis id="AC62609FF402DDEB6071D9E64ECABF35" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta crocuta</emphasis>
(Erxleben 1777)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6465AE70D349D931E00263FF4841220" pageNumber="572" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58C8FF42A2F21B274F328261AC411087" pageNumber="572">
<treatmentCitation id="25C6507EFB9CACD8A4B35511542C436A" author="Erxleben" authority="Erxleben 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="578" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocuta" title="Canis crocuta" volumeTitle="Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1" year="1777">
<taxonomicName id="2D638B0A55EC77FCE29E7F08B2E1DEA2" ID-CoL="3W3S" authority="Erxleben 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocuta">
<emphasis id="37D35E9F2B9DA049960176CDB533AB89" italics="true" pageNumber="572">[Canis] crocuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="45C55C258AF3CEE562D6F1C892EC58DD" author="Erxleben, J. C. P." refId="ref96470" refString="Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Weygandianis, Lipsiae, 636 pp." year="1777">Erxleben 1777</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="40660A38CB8DAA9E7A44E54DF206E3E6" author="Erxleben" pageNumber="572" pagination="578" title="Canis crocuta" volumeTitle="Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1" year="1777">Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1: 578</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB31F553628C0DDBC068F1423C2453B" pageNumber="572" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EB777418E45E5A04607CC01827161C4B" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="79B7BFA450FAA8430A10C8412389EFFF" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="572">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03AEC70EB7E75F512C8B3D9601303CF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350304" country="Guinea-Bissau" pageNumber="572">
&quot;
<collectingCountry id="EF0B02D1877FDBF41E54D8E2CB446123" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Aethiopia, ad caput bonae spei in terrae rupiumque caueis&quot;, restricted by
<bibRefCitation id="4CCDACEF029A79022AB43E6F3BA7B4BF" author="Cabrera, A." refId="ref48343" refString="Cabrera, A. 1911. On the specimens of spotted hyaenas in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 93 - 99." year="1911">Cabrera (1911:95)</bibRefCitation>
to &quot;Senegambia&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9544DAF40AB99A97B6DC05219B4F9B4" pageNumber="572" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="BED381D18BBFD8A277FE5E89B4576565" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="917A11C92CA3E09A80BC1BFF52FD7B79" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="572">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="2A00B10034CF5FB68819325FD48428BA" language="eng" pageNumber="572">Spotted Hyena</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F2F978195EFE2EDA4C35507F6E106F5" pageNumber="572" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="1C3E7205CBF79A4F01D8A2F9D1CDF5D8" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="16744B9DF201D2D251CCF8B978FF60E5" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="572">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00C8F8ED3598CEACCECF5C50EAF13056" authority="(Desmarest 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="DD63D410AA452DE3E07BCBA5599A4603" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta capensis</emphasis>
(Desmarest 1817)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C843C6F33281804C5F75370D033F6FD4" authority="(Boitard 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Boitard" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="199F86D781B076595937878546387743" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta cuvieri</emphasis>
(Boitard 1842)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="14B2E476CD1C5A4DBC9FA4F509A36B73" authority="Heller 1914" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fisi">
<emphasis id="F8F9A4DDA11FD34A910B2861EB6F8A60" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta fisi</emphasis>
Heller 1914
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6C72DFC44ED8B8AA16C2699056FA7F09" authority="J. A. Allen 1924" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="3E683DBDCBA384FF8B12FDDC08CC3BBE" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta fortis</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="D4CD4440BD6AD25AEF68C6506A40DC46" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="96094444EFCBA512203C43B90B161380" authority="(Matschie 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepensis">
<emphasis id="2C36E18E7BB35A604764F5BE97E83EA5" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta gariepensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="730A79D31BC23E1444304083E60A1966" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D833CD9F422D511A1AE88E5C759D7BDB" authority="(Matschie 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germinans">
<emphasis id="A4808591EA3E946E6885D4AC1799C8C6" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta germinans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E510328B7078C36CE98D0351E8DDFE3" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F7DF0214DB8382BCF995FF14BFE1C0A5" authority="(de Blainville 1844)" baseAuthorityName="de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="habessynica">
<emphasis id="98EC40DC40A2E4DB585F52174C4D561F" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta habessynica</emphasis>
(de Blainville 1844)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7CE9215B8D92778E99309CE2E9F06BC9" authority="(Lönnberg 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Lönnberg" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibonotensis">
<emphasis id="22AFC5F9768474A8D5B94C5E0681622A" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta kibonotensis</emphasis>
(Lönnberg 1908)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4EA9D8C9E38C187FE1E8801B735DD042" authority="(Satunin 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leontiewi">
<emphasis id="DBCEBE759C941FE513338A25C0661366" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta leontiewi</emphasis>
(Satunin 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="09A9D89B020914F7B4B80C34D68B9A2E" authority="(Thunberg 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="52A86D69952E537DD0CDBDE023A31632" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta maculata</emphasis>
(Thunberg 1811)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="880E39927ABDA1B9E6071B30536FAD2A" authority="(Matschie 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noltei">
<emphasis id="B0C23DEE7BDF3A1518E5C08FC83C23F8" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta noltei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5B089C4EC8B816E1AEB421B6BC603EE6" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F68D9D501EFF24DE2A5701AE6519780B" authority="Cabrera 1911" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyasae">
<emphasis id="EDD722903CD3250789C838B2BDA1F3B8" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta nyasae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="73D9D8C69565545124D3856D6C257A5E" author="Cabrera, A." refId="ref48343" refString="Cabrera, A. 1911. On the specimens of spotted hyaenas in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 93 - 99." year="1911">Cabrera 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="77FB17105E8E0DBBC62869EDA37AEE44" authority="Cabrera 1911" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nzoyae">
<emphasis id="2830EAA91D245E6854B9226FAEDC90D5" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta nzoyae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8DCF37F1C3A44007FEAA30C5EBED9C42" author="Cabrera, A." refId="ref48343" refString="Cabrera, A. 1911. On the specimens of spotted hyaenas in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 93 - 99." year="1911">Cabrera 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C9C835BB4A2F749F0692C355C13548AE" authority="(Lönnberg 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Lönnberg" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panganensis">
<emphasis id="FB36F2BD350BD1265B89EDECB2E55546" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta panganensis</emphasis>
(Lönnberg 1908)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="93FBFB69E409E3A804396B39CB72886C" authority="(Desmarest 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis id="ED56D4BF1CF6343B15A728DF1A1A0413" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta rufa</emphasis>
(Desmarest 1817)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0F8029D601E4D72AF691C2F3CFF77821" authority="Cabrera 1911" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufopicta">
<emphasis id="4E1DFD4E4E8AA5F425BCE84CC9DCC12A" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta rufopicta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6EF8DBA2A96812DDE2220446698AF719" author="Cabrera, A." refId="ref48343" refString="Cabrera, A. 1911. On the specimens of spotted hyaenas in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 93 - 99." year="1911">Cabrera 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="75D50E53A7A2196269B01E99941590B9" authority="(Falconer and Cautley in Falconer 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Falconer and Cautley in Falconer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
<emphasis id="1D9C4AEAFA79E448C8CA6781F74FE380" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta sivalensis</emphasis>
(Falconer and Cautley in Falconer 1868)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="3D71E33D6AA61A65FD0ED6D61516B877" authority="(Matschie 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thierryi">
<emphasis id="D6151C16544B8F4887CA913B523EDE94" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta thierryi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DED7AACFC45A3F0160381582CE8EA452" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7E6DF00F20F3CA98EDECCFB221454C0C" authority="Cabrera 1911" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
<emphasis id="30E371739503229DD4D4680AF122C037" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta thomasi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0473D82C41B8A0AD6A9C287ACEF025E" author="Cabrera, A." refId="ref48343" refString="Cabrera, A. 1911. On the specimens of spotted hyaenas in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 93 - 99." year="1911">Cabrera 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FB4CCC81D9444B17945B755376BD42E5" authority="(Matschie 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="3FAD08CA35AB93257CC882DE8F4FFFB1" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta togoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A48BAA75C7886CAF8B5A43EE1DAB1782" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="31E78E5DDB5BFCD7260B87007B8D88F7" authority="(Matschie 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenidae" genus="Crocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wissmanni">
<emphasis id="72D8961422C2BD95167E12CEEE439B3A" italics="true" pageNumber="572">Crocuta wissmanni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1FAF3200B06E94C018A589CA08D287E8" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F16609E4E59BC176CCAAABDF97CD0BC" pageNumber="572" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="66447F69E98F133ED87127176B1CC0C1" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="75ECF7BCD461E14A375019B51026F082" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="572">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="7DADD11E47E5A9F16A98F8309FB8BF10" name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2196B721B86E0298850F2E42F82CB503" name="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8A5FD79CC61A264E3E12621EB8E4CEF1" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Dem. Rep.
<collectingCountry id="D1500FEB7C15DBC4E91A0753590F6B3F" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8C9BCB69EBEAF63DEEBF3D1435E35CAD" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C8B613D970A45BC7B3441D499D79F16F" name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8BD5E6904C3854286500D3E1E507B9CD" name="Gambia">Gambia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="37EB613A68D1867DB9F615F60C2599E7" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="97B40C67D9F810B36065377E2532CB6F" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A3A1654C93A2916DEA396DACF90B757E" name="Malawi">Malawi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="13BACB67AF94D1FA478DC32A22A069D4" name="Mauritania">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A3C521E583B3FB6C78B9E2D82D236824" name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="873CC7FBBE36E6EAFC9324BD15D50142" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EAF706A0B6C726E3A3D7384BF0BAD54F" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8A8DB54225FBDBA9DEF95E2F55A7713E" name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4FBDA2787ED143A14FB3633EA97B8141" name="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AA7E40C338023C15641F75514D7A6713" name="Somalia">Somalia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D07D32D76D58954305417A043D138415" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5B19961463643154EF32C6BDA891B0B6" name="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CB3E5516A23B63301D62F870A9786BAE" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="529E5F7F8E11E77BD1A730F6438E44F3" name="Togo">Togo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E2285F7A9EE41F2620FE2EF883DBE971" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5CB68899A8CE84A9D3D8CC2B512FDF5" name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="45CF269A7ED78F62A724F17F4F39A8D4" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D45C0EC205A31D77DFD244519307F0E" pageNumber="572" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="BA30A9CDC1846F6E05D46F114E9FA056" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="16E4DDA78A84536B2510A398F2C63C33" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="572">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="FA19DE12268E6D114E970CF895CCE38D">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (cd).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3009A90FFCF943BFA3D667FD0B40DE73" pageNumber="572" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A365025FB989C34B4D712F9AF0F8EE54" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B76564A9A535B6B7D12BB43EB4A4D4F8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="572">Discussion:</emphasis>
Revised by
<bibRefCitation id="568CCD52BB4483803607AF09FCC97E5F" author="Matthews, L. H." refId="ref231089" refString="Matthews, L. H. 1939 a. The subspecies and variation of the spotted hyaena, Crocuta crocuta Erxl. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1939: 237 - 260." year="1939">
Matthews (
<emphasis id="A40FBF562BE1C522627892E81BBA53C0" italics="true" pageNumber="572">1939a, b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). Synonyms according to
<bibRefCitation id="76EDDC07DAD7C76F24E77603F0C680BE" author="Matthews, L. H." refId="ref231089" refString="Matthews, L. H. 1939 a. The subspecies and variation of the spotted hyaena, Crocuta crocuta Erxl. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1939: 237 - 260." year="1939">
Matthews (1939
<emphasis id="064197D3622309050C5E55F6B81CCC8E" italics="true" pageNumber="572">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="8AC2859AB2043E288D4E10550CBEA9FF" author="Jenks, S. M. &amp; L. Werdelin" refId="ref173441" refString="Jenks, S. M., and L. Werdelin. 1998. Taxonomy and systematics of living hyaenas (Family Hyaenidae), Pp. 8 - 17, in Hyaenas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (G. Mills, and H. Hofer, eds.) IUCN / SSC Hyaena Specialist Group. I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland. 154 pp." year="1998">Jenks and Werdelin (1998)</bibRefCitation>
who demonstrated that subspecies are not justified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>