222 lines
37 KiB
XML
222 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="2E86A8F969AD685D180933C6915F0340" ID-CLB-Dataset="276618" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00581.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ad8a734-258b-40ce-acb9-0f948452353e" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10114692" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630443480076" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Saupe, Erin E., Selden, Paul A. & Penney, David" docDate="2010" docId="A01B87BBE3729D6FAB1AA1943C17DF3F" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2009.00581.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00581.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Molinaranea mitnickii Saupe & Selden & Penney 2010, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="716" masterDocId="5C22FFC3E3769D6AA856A209381EDD55" masterDocTitle="First fossil Molinaranea Mello-Leitão, 1940 (Araneae: Araneidae), from middle Miocene Dominican amber, with a phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical analysis of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="725" masterPageNumber="711" pageNumber="715" updateTime="1700039325363" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B75E043181E87844507454F828126ECF">First fossil Molinaranea Mello-Leitão, 1940 (Araneae: Araneidae), from middle Miocene Dominican amber, with a phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical analysis of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="02289AE413EB665E557A083EAD6A190E">Saupe, Erin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="938B6A597CAF51AB37E7EC5BB2DCF5E7">Selden, Paul A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C36AB370C34AA57E36658DE5CB29A36B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4A2E7FC473AB33279653BC94407E5FA4">Penney, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F98390F085DD93A419A32B1F0870F591">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A1AD17F7462113FAD8ED2A5B993B0873">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AC5691764C3AE5359794E3E80BF59C15">
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<mods:date id="CD8D549B05F2D10745D11D25BFAA20CA">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2AA0843523EE6EE7E7A2F5CE42C5C875">2010-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="104939FCFEFE8050CF2C9E1AFA8753F6">158</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="CF3B794C46D1E79760A1D7518BE7BE22">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00581.x</mods:url>
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<treatment id="A01B87BBE3729D6FAB1AA1943C17DF3F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217238251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A01B87BBE3729D6FAB1AA1943C17DF3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A01B87BBE3729D6FAB1AA1943C17DF3F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="716" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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<subSubSection id="60A86526E3729D6EAB1AA1943D79DEE7" box="[844,1383,924,946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="280D36ADE3729D6EAB1AA1943D79DEE7" blockId="4.[844,1383,924,946]" box="[844,1383,924,946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="734581C1E3729D6EAB1AA1943D79DEE7" box="[844,1383,924,946]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="715" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3729D6EAB1AA1943C69DEE4" authority="Saupe & Selden & Penney, 2010" authorityName="Saupe & Selden & Penney" authorityYear="2010" box="[844,1143,925,946]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="720" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitnickii" status="sp. nov.">MOLINARANEA MITNICKII</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3729D6EACD7A1A93CF8DEE4" bold="true" box="[1153,1254,924,945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="01F557C4E3729D6EACD7A1A93CF8DEE4" box="[1153,1254,924,945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3729D6EACAEA1953D40DEE7" box="[1272,1374,924,946]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="2.[144,223,1837,1856]" captionStartId-1="3.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionStartId-2="4.[806,885,672,691]" captionTargetBox-0="[341,1222,198,1804]" captionTargetBox-1="[322,1282,195,1480]" captionTargetBox-2="[808,1421,198,642]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@2.[340,1224,205,1794]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-107@3.[648,1273,700,1463]" captionTargetId-2="figure-630@4.[806,1423,196,642]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Figure 1. Interpretive drawings of Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, ventral view. Note that legs 1 and 2 are not drawn past the patella; see Fig. 2B for details. B, dorsal view. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figure 2. Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; note how the specimen appears flattened; D, ventral view of opisthosoma; the opisthosoma appears desiccated; the spiracle is visible and situated anterior to the spinnerets; the book lungs are grooved; E, view of anal tubercle and posterior lateral spinnerets; F, lateral view of left palpus; the long, bifurcating median apophysis prongs are clearly visible; although the top prong may appear longer, this is not so. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." captionText-2="Figure 3. Interpretive drawing of the lateral view of the right palpus. The cymbium is depicted as two segments because it is splayed behind the palpal bulb (but is one cohesive structure). The bump immediately behind the median apophysis is likely the tegulum. Setae on the tibial margin are not fully illustrated. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132246" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132248" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132250" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10132246/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10132248/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10132250/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">FIGS 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="60A86526E3729D6FAB70A1CA3C17DF3F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="716" pageId="4" pageNumber="715" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="280D36ADE3729D6EAB70A1CA3D20D906" blockId="4.[806,1421,963,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3729D6EAB70A1CA3C19DE8D" box="[806,1031,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="98DA3CF0E3729D6EAC44A1CA3D20D906" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435718301" collectorName="La Toca & TerraTreasures." country="Dominican Republic" location="University of Kansas Natural History Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="715" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="F709880FE3729D6EAC44A1CA3C66DE8C" box="[1042,1144,963,985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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and only known specimen: Amber Fossil Collection,
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<location id="2D6D6076E3729D6EACC2A1E83C42D940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A01B87BBE3729D6FAB1AA1943C17DF3F:2D6D6076E3729D6EACC2A1E83C42D940" country="Dominican Republic" name="University of Kansas Natural History Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">University of Kansas Natural History Museum</location>
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KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018, adult male, Dominican amber,
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<collectorName id="8547537BE3729D6EACD8A6163CF6D961" box="[1166,1256,1055,1076]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">La Toca</collectorName>
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mines, northern
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<collectingCountry id="50A5763DE3729D6EAB00A6343C5CD906" box="[854,1090,1085,1107]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
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; coll.
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<collectorName id="8547537BE3729D6EACD1A6373D20D906" box="[1159,1342,1086,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">TerraTreasures.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="280D36ADE3729D6EAB69A6553C75D85F" blockId="4.[806,1421,963,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3729D6EAB69A6553CCED924" box="[831,1232,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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Diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3729D6EAB90A6553CCED924" authorityName="Saupe & Selden & Penney" authorityYear="2010" box="[966,1232,1116,1137]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitnickii">Molinaranea mitnickii</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from all other species by the median apophysis with long, thin/spindly, subequal prongs, resembling a lop-sided wishbone, with a proximal lobe/elbow. The ventral femora of legs 1 and 2 possess a row of strong macrosetae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="280D36ADE3729D6EAB69A71A3B74D8D0" blockId="4.[806,1421,963,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3729D6EAB69A71A3BA3D87D" box="[831,957,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is after Justin Mitnick, nephew of Keith Luzzi, the owner of Terra- Treasures who found and donated the specimen for study.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="280D36ADE3729D6FAB69A7873A89DC21" blockId="4.[806,1421,963,1903]" lastBlockId="5.[164,779,198,1903]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="716" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3729D6EAB69A7873BD9D8F6" box="[831,967,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">Description:</emphasis>
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Body length 6.95. Carapace 2.82 long, 2.0 wide, ± 1.88 tall; pars cephalica only slightly elevated (approximately 0.42). Eyes small; ALE appear to be on small tubercles; numerous macrosetae in the ocular region. Details of chelicerae and fangs obscured; small. Sternum 1.41 long, 1.04 wide; relatively short and rounded; lateral margins project between coxae. Endites 0.38 long, longer than wide, suboval, tooth present. Labium 0.38, as wide as long, suboval to subcircular. Petiole attached 0.95 from anterior of opisthosoma immediately above book lungs; not sclerotized. Opisthosoma 4.13 long including spinnerets (
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<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3729D6EAB8AA4F43C2DDA46" box="[988,1075,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1480]" captionTargetId="graphics-107@3.[648,1273,700,1463]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; note how the specimen appears flattened; D, ventral view of opisthosoma; the opisthosoma appears desiccated; the spiracle is visible and situated anterior to the spinnerets; the book lungs are grooved; E, view of anal tubercle and posterior lateral spinnerets; F, lateral view of left palpus; the long, bifurcating median apophysis prongs are clearly visible; although the top prong may appear longer, this is not so. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132248/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="715">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
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), 3.6 long without spinnerets, 2.23 at widest point, height uncertain because of flattened nature of specimen; likely to have been elongate and suboval in life; dorsal surface bears abundant, long, scattered setae; concentrated setae on two anterior tubercles (
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<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA98BA2ED3A2FDDAE" box="[477,561,228,251]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,223,1837,1856]" captionTargetBox="[341,1222,198,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[340,1224,205,1794]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Interpretive drawings of Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, ventral view. Note that legs 1 and 2 are not drawn past the patella; see Fig. 2B for details. B, dorsal view. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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).
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<collectionCode id="4EA3AE68E3739D6FAA1FA2EC3A67DDAF" box="[585,633,229,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">PLS</collectionCode>
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longer than MS and
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<collectingCountry id="50A5763DE3739D6FA95CA30A3930DC4D" box="[266,302,259,280]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">AS</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="4EA3AE68E3739D6FA96BA30A3973DC4D" box="[317,365,259,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">PLS</collectionCode>
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defined in two segments (
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<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FAAFFA30A3AE0DC4C" box="[681,766,259,281]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1480]" captionTargetId="graphics-107@3.[648,1273,700,1463]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; note how the specimen appears flattened; D, ventral view of opisthosoma; the opisthosoma appears desiccated; the spiracle is visible and situated anterior to the spinnerets; the book lungs are grooved; E, view of anal tubercle and posterior lateral spinnerets; F, lateral view of left palpus; the long, bifurcating median apophysis prongs are clearly visible; although the top prong may appear longer, this is not so. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132248/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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);
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<collectingCountry id="50A5763DE3739D6FA8F2A32B38DBDC62" box="[164,197,290,311]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">AS</collectingCountry>
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0.43 and
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<collectionCode id="4EA3AE68E3739D6FA963A32B397BDC62" box="[309,357,290,311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">PLS</collectionCode>
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0.51; colulus present, tongue-shaped with nine setae. Spiracle situated 0.03 anterior to co and 0.13 to base of
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<collectingCountry id="50A5763DE3739D6FA9DAA35639AEDC21" box="[396,432,351,372]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">AS</collectingCountry>
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; anal tubercle 0.34.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="280D36ADE3739D6FA8EAA377392BD906" blockId="5.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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Leg formula 2143; leg 1 cx 0.52, tr 0.30, fe 3.16, pt 1.07, ti 4.13, mt 2.17, ts 0.63, total 11.98; leg 2 cx 0.50, tr 0.28, fe 3.44, pt 0.90, ti 4.13, mt 2.36, ts 0.64, total 12.25; leg 3 cx 0.42, tr 0.28, fe 2.36, pt 0.82, ti 1.25, mt 1.26, ts 0.48, total 6.87; leg 4 cx 0.45, tr 0.14, fe 2.43, pt 0.98, ti 2.10, mt 2.03, ts 0.46, total 8.59. Legs long; all legs possess strong macrosetae (
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<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FAAE8A03C3B1ADF1F" box="[702,772,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,223,1837,1856]" captionTargetBox="[341,1222,198,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[340,1224,205,1794]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Interpretive drawings of Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, ventral view. Note that legs 1 and 2 are not drawn past the patella; see Fig. 2B for details. B, dorsal view. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA8F2A05D38F5DF3C" box="[164,235,596,617]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1480]" captionTargetId="graphics-107@3.[648,1273,700,1463]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; note how the specimen appears flattened; D, ventral view of opisthosoma; the opisthosoma appears desiccated; the spiracle is visible and situated anterior to the spinnerets; the book lungs are grooved; E, view of anal tubercle and posterior lateral spinnerets; F, lateral view of left palpus; the long, bifurcating median apophysis prongs are clearly visible; although the top prong may appear longer, this is not so. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132248/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); macrosetae originate from strong cuticular bases; variable in length, longer macrosetae 0.7–0.8, shorter macrosetae 0.4–0.6; longer macrosetae appear to be concentrated on the lateral margins of tibiae 1 and 2 and ventral surfaces of most leg segments, although this is variable; row of macrosetae on prolateral to ventral margin of tibia 1 and 2; row of seven to ten macrosetae on inferior surface of femora of legs 1 and 2; row of three to four macrosetae on superior surface of femora of legs 1 and 2; femora of leg 1 with lateral row of seven to eight macrosetae; scattered macrosetae, semialigned, on ventral femora of legs 3 and 4; tibia and femur of legs 1 and 2 thicker and more robust. Hook on distal margin of the first coxa; fourth coxa with at least one macroseta. Paired tarsal claws with teeth, unpaired claw simple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="280D36ADE3739D6FA8EAA65539D1DB4B" blockId="5.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
|
||
Palps large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA937A65539B9D924" box="[353,423,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,223,1837,1856]" captionTargetBox="[341,1222,198,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[340,1224,205,1794]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Interpretive drawings of Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, ventral view. Note that legs 1 and 2 are not drawn past the patella; see Fig. 2B for details. B, dorsal view. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA9E9A65539FED927" box="[447,480,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1480]" captionTargetId="graphics-107@3.[648,1273,700,1463]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; note how the specimen appears flattened; D, ventral view of opisthosoma; the opisthosoma appears desiccated; the spiracle is visible and situated anterior to the spinnerets; the book lungs are grooved; E, view of anal tubercle and posterior lateral spinnerets; F, lateral view of left palpus; the long, bifurcating median apophysis prongs are clearly visible; although the top prong may appear longer, this is not so. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132248/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">2F</figureCitation>
|
||
); length of palpal bulb without median apophysis ± 1.09, width 0.79; median apophysis with bifurcation into long, thin spindly prongs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA8A9A6B1396BD998" box="[255,373,1208,1230]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1480]" captionTargetId="graphics-107@3.[648,1273,700,1463]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Molinaranea mitnickii sp. nov., holotype KU-NHM-ENT, DR-018. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; note how the specimen appears flattened; D, ventral view of opisthosoma; the opisthosoma appears desiccated; the spiracle is visible and situated anterior to the spinnerets; the book lungs are grooved; E, view of anal tubercle and posterior lateral spinnerets; F, lateral view of left palpus; the long, bifurcating median apophysis prongs are clearly visible; although the top prong may appear longer, this is not so. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132248/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Figs 2A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA9D6A6B13990D99B" box="[384,398,1208,1230]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[806,885,672,691]" captionTargetBox="[808,1421,198,642]" captionTargetId="figure-630@4.[806,1423,196,642]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Interpretive drawing of the lateral view of the right palpus. The cymbium is depicted as two segments because it is splayed behind the palpal bulb (but is one cohesive structure). The bump immediately behind the median apophysis is likely the tegulum. Setae on the tibial margin are not fully illustrated. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132250/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), resembling a wishbone; median apophysis 1.41 long; prongs on median apophysis equal, with recurved, semipointed tip; median apophysis with proximal lobe or elbow; embolus distally filiform and situated between conductor and terminal apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA97FA7583975D832" box="[297,363,1361,1383]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[806,885,672,691]" captionTargetBox="[808,1421,198,642]" captionTargetId="figure-630@4.[806,1423,196,642]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Interpretive drawing of the lateral view of the right palpus. The cymbium is depicted as two segments because it is splayed behind the palpal bulb (but is one cohesive structure). The bump immediately behind the median apophysis is likely the tegulum. Setae on the tibial margin are not fully illustrated. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132250/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); conductor broader than terminal apophysis and attached in middle of bulb with a semipointed tip; subterminal apophysis present as a narrow band between embolus and terminal apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA884A7C2390DD8B4" box="[210,275,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[806,885,672,691]" captionTargetBox="[808,1421,198,642]" captionTargetId="figure-630@4.[806,1423,196,642]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Interpretive drawing of the lateral view of the right palpus. The cymbium is depicted as two segments because it is splayed behind the palpal bulb (but is one cohesive structure). The bump immediately behind the median apophysis is likely the tegulum. Setae on the tibial margin are not fully illustrated. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132250/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); terminal apophysis lobate to truncate and narrow, larger than subterminal apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FAAEDA7E33AE2DB55" box="[699,764,1514,1536]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[806,885,672,691]" captionTargetBox="[808,1421,198,642]" captionTargetId="figure-630@4.[806,1423,196,642]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Interpretive drawing of the lateral view of the right palpus. The cymbium is depicted as two segments because it is splayed behind the palpal bulb (but is one cohesive structure). The bump immediately behind the median apophysis is likely the tegulum. Setae on the tibial margin are not fully illustrated. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132250/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); one macroseta on patella.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="280D36ADE3739D6FA8EAA42E3988DB68" blockId="5.[164,779,198,1903]" box="[188,406,1575,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FA8EAA42E3908DB69" box="[188,278,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="280D36ADE3739D6FA8EAA44C3959DBCC" blockId="5.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FA8EAA44C39A7DB0E" box="[188,441,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Distribution and age:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50A5763DE3739D6FA993A44C3AB1DB0E" box="[453,687,1605,1627]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
amber; probably middle Miocene (16–19 Mya) (see Iturralde- Vinent, 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="280D36ADE3739D6FA8EAA4A83C17DF3F" blockId="5.[164,779,198,1903]" lastBlockId="5.[826,1442,198,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FA8EAA4A83936DBE3" box="[188,296,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FA8F2A4C93A10DB80" authority="Levi, 2001" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="2001" box="[164,526,1728,1750]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vildav">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FA8F2A4C93996DB80" box="[164,392,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Molinaranea vildav</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C234B5CE3739D6FA9C5A4C93A10DB80" author="Levi HW" box="[403,526,1728,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" pagination="445 - 476" refId="ref10784" refString="Levi HW. 2001. The orbweavers of the genera Molinaranea and Nicolepeira, a new species of Parawixia, and comments on orb weavers of temperate South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 155: 445 - 476." type="journal article" year="2001">Levi, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a proximal lobe or elbow below the radix of the median apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0892A28E3739D6FA97EA4F43976DA46" box="[296,360,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[806,885,672,691]" captionTargetBox="[808,1421,198,642]" captionTargetId="figure-630@4.[806,1423,196,642]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Interpretive drawing of the lateral view of the right palpus. The cymbium is depicted as two segments because it is splayed behind the palpal bulb (but is one cohesive structure). The bump immediately behind the median apophysis is likely the tegulum. Setae on the tibial margin are not fully illustrated. See main text for abbreviations. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132250/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) instead of above it, by the curved tip on the lower prong of the median apophysis, and by the prongs, which appear more separated (like a wishbone) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FA968A55039D5DA3B" authorityName="Saupe & Selden & Penney" authorityYear="2010" box="[318,459,1881,1902]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitnickii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FA968A55039D5DA3B" box="[318,459,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. mitnickii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAA79A5503A82DA3B" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="2001" box="[559,668,1881,1902]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vildav">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAA79A5503A82DA3B" box="[559,668,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. vildav</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAB6CA2CF3BD2DD8E" authorityName="Saupe & Selden & Penney" authorityYear="2010" box="[826,972,198,219]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitnickii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAB6CA2CF3BD2DD8E" box="[826,972,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. mitnickii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a row of macrosetae on the ventral surfaces of femora 1 and 2, unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FADD5A2EC3B9FDC4D" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vildav">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FADD5A2EC3B9FDC4D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. vildav</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The length of the median apophysis prongs distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAB8DA32B3C77DC62" authorityName="Saupe & Selden & Penney" authorityYear="2010" box="[987,1129,290,311]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitnickii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAB8DA32B3C77DC62" box="[987,1129,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. mitnickii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FACE7A32B3D01DC62" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="2001" box="[1201,1311,290,311]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vildav">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FACE7A32B3D01DC62" box="[1201,1311,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. vildav</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAD79A32B3CA2DC00" authority="Tullgren, 1902" authorityName="Tullgren" authorityYear="1902" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mammifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAD79A32B3BE6DC00" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Molinaranea mammifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C234B5CE3739D6FAC5CA3493CA2DC00" author="Tullgren A" box="[1034,1212,320,342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref12187" refString="Tullgren A. 1902. Spiders collected in the Aysen Valley by Mr P. Dusen. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens handlingar 28: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1902">Tullgren, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAD59A3493C5ADC21" authority="Nicolet, 1849" authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clymene">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAD59A3493B8ADC21" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Molinaranea clymene</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C234B5CE3739D6FABF3A3563C5ADC21" author="Nicolet AC" box="[933,1092,351,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" pagination="319 - 543" refId="ref11247" refString="Nicolet AC. 1849. Aracnidos. In: Gay C, ed. Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543." type="journal article" year="1849">Nicolet, 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(significantly shorter in
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FADD5A3563C26DCC7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FADD5A3563B9DDCC7" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vildav">M. vildav</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FABD9A3773C26DCC7" authorityName="Tullgren" authorityYear="1902" box="[911,1080,381,403]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mammifera">M. mammifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAC2FA3773CE6DCC7" authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" box="[1145,1272,381,403]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clymene">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAC2FA3773CE6DCC7" box="[1145,1272,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. clymene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAD59A3743BBFDCE4" authorityName="Saupe & Selden & Penney" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitnickii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAD59A3743BBFDCE4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Molinaranea mitnickii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the short, wide median apophysis characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FABACA3B23CBADC85" authorityName="Tullgren" authorityYear="1902" box="[1018,1188,443,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mammifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FABACA3B23CBADC85" box="[1018,1188,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. mammifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the tufts of setae on the abdomen that are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFB24D2EE3739D6FAC8FA3D33D46DCBB" authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" box="[1241,1368,473,495]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Molinaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clymene">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC6EABFE3739D6FAC8FA3D33D46DCBB" box="[1241,1368,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">M. clymene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C234B5CE3739D6FAD3EA3D03B6ADF58" author="Levi HW" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" pagination="445 - 476" refId="ref10784" refString="Levi HW. 2001. The orbweavers of the genera Molinaranea and Nicolepeira, a new species of Parawixia, and comments on orb weavers of temperate South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 155: 445 - 476." type="journal article" year="2001">Levi, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 27, 30). Unfortunately, much of Levi’s description and diagnostic characters are based on colour pattern, which is usually not discernible in amber specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |