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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297059" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb605a32-1722-403b-9e46-bac664e1a8e5" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905143547" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="69EC97367881D0A8496E280E94ECC9DA" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Cricetidae.955-1189.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Microtus (Alexandromys) fortis Büchner 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" lastPageNumber="997" masterDocId="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="1189" masterPageNumber="955" pageNumber="997" updateTime="1716773916032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="565EDD74C82DEC738591DDAB597AAE10">Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E70415C45BD8C4A1D055C0EDC5B2A44">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC024C92A76DB90122B59B47C9530DC0">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AFCEF7CEC70488BC44CEEB0FED303A26">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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<treatment id="69EC97367881D0A8496E280E94ECC9DA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231522663" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69EC97367881D0A8496E280E94ECC9DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/69EC97367881D0A8496E280E94ECC9DA" lastPageNumber="997" pageNumber="997" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000262">
<subSubSection id="3C5AA3EB50598B04B6BA1F79174E43B1" pageNumber="997" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F7864CD90C950F850567B009C4825FC7" pageNumber="997">
<taxonomicName id="416FD1E496CEBE4DCD0384EFB050B989" ID-CoL="7VV79" authority="Büchner 1889" authorityName="Büchner" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="7E02CCDE46CB1FFD92F251F165901ECA" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) fortis</emphasis>
Büchner 1889
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0070F814F87164E4536F3C474DD5B08D" pageNumber="997" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2C95D45CAE35354EE4DBC8AFAE78B7DF" pageNumber="997">
<treatmentCitation id="74BDA9C65DCBFF8EC7EB2F90CF1FE868" author="Büchner" authority="Büchner 1889" authorityName="Büchner" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="99" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis" subGenus="Alexandromys" title="Microtus (Alexandromys) fortis" volumeTitle="Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent.-Asien Reisen, Zool., I: (Saugeth.)" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="8CBE076F0212D3BBA0F3892A5550CEF8" ID-CoL="7VV79" authority="Büchner 1889" authorityName="Büchner" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="AB71762AD8F728E4DCF68B822401B6FA" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) fortis</emphasis>
Büchner 1889
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="CD03B7E4518461F1780CA010A058109C" author="Büchner" pageNumber="997" pagination="99" title="Microtus (Alexandromys) fortis" volumeTitle="Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent.-Asien Reisen, Zool., I: (Saugeth.)" year="1889">
Wiss. Res. Przewalski
<collectingRegion id="1CA600817F6D9F60181E8B9370FD9FEE" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent">Cent</collectingRegion>
.-Asien Reisen, Zool., I: (Saugeth.): 99
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61A37FD26E9B49479D3BF35E26C92887" pageNumber="997" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1C76ECE2A1E10DC499455737A994093C" pageNumber="997">
<emphasis id="1201717AFA6E9591C8876E51F2013C43" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="997">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FBFC1FA1021F4E27DAFAB4277EB0482B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286510" country="China" pageNumber="997" stateProvince="Nei Mongol">
<collectingCountry id="515EE16C1C0F870A5AE2EA80C28C6333" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="F64536951A740084AC242A35EC955368" country="China" name="Nei Mongol">Nei Mongol</collectingRegion>
, Ordos Desert, Huang Ho Valley, Sujan.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A5CBA9279DA16DCCF4DA50118328925" pageNumber="997" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="525503252EDD9275D0FE2843960EBE51" pageNumber="997">
<emphasis id="F47437B485848168F1A8D64794C90F1D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="997">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="631F6B66C01D83DAC9F5D245ABA79D50" language="eng" pageNumber="997">Reed Vole</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B072C127AB7C78D6AE9B8250727F192" pageNumber="997" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="7F69E9154F03B32DAC7A8D2C2B8AB197" pageNumber="997">
<emphasis id="7426B0D715B495CAD29FB9EB08CF183C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="997">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7665908230DB4187F110032A38759F48" authority="Thomas 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calamorum" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="B9CEFF7E7DE224DE1C2F5C90AFB9F34B" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) calamorum</emphasis>
Thomas 1902
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="AE61910A0E16933DB43887BCF80B2CB2" authority="Mori 1930" authorityName="Mori" authorityYear="1930" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dolichocephalus" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="99C63C1A04E90EFBDDE496438DCEDFEC" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) dolichocephalus</emphasis>
Mori 1930
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="589EF7A61F8ABF1077A6CBAEE6A5C39D" authority="Hong 1981" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fujianensis" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="25BBA49219AA150EC88B762CBE80EA14" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) fujianensis</emphasis>
Hong 1981
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="114E65205C41C6705513CE41DF78B4F7" authority="Kastschenko 1910" authorityName="Kastschenko" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michnoi" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="6CAB49D53020011878927D61D38CE8AF" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) michnoi</emphasis>
Kastschenko 1910
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A40831935BA461E0A160FA745993F132" authority="Thomas 1911" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelliceus" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="0689B7FD9F21129909A76211B1DC3113" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) pelliceus</emphasis>
Thomas 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7C5087734337253AF1864FF95C074AD6" authority="Thomas 1911" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superus" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="1B29326BB509A21415DE31E5AF955ED5" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) superus</emphasis>
Thomas 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5645A7D0F31336ED57B133DA732F68AF" authority="James and Johnson 1955" authorityName="James and Johnson" authorityYear="1955" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="997" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uliginosus" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="3D7468D1843FE8A8095B088F8439ECE7" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus (Alexandromys) uliginosus</emphasis>
James and Johnson 1955
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E113338AD5D9C903EF90DD94B1C725C6" pageNumber="997" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B3DCCA3628A918B1F381CF90DC039D15" pageNumber="997">
<emphasis id="65CDC6EE375A6E91C2F0F424FE4B7D5C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="997">Distribution:</emphasis>
Lowlands of Transbaikalia and Amur region (
<bibRefCitation id="DD379D4462260B5C8C50E5CBDE243449" author="Kovalskaya, Yu. M. &amp; V. M. Malygin &amp; I. V. Kartavtseva" refId="ref195655" refString="Kovalskaya, Yu. M., V. M. Malygin, I. V. Kartavtseva. 1988. [Karyotype stability and distribution of reed voles- - Microtus fortis (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 67: 1253 - 1259 (in Russian)." year="1988">Kovalskaya et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
; Meyer et al., 1996), south through E and C
<collectingCountry id="82530F9C3B0EB72272DAC25A9EB47C05" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="3AC47B67A8F06AF28FDE6C6CB89C1CE1" country="China" name="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="F8209298C3659DB1778137B5C3E286FB" country="China" name="Nei Mongol">Nei Mongol</collectingRegion>
; south through
<collectingRegion id="37F8739EF21FD30975F547F1EB3D6EBD" country="China" name="Jilin">Jilin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="AE146F6F7BE938C8B8CC01A6D7561173" country="China" name="Liaoning">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="7EBD05722EB75662CFC5089ED4C832ED" country="China" name="Shandong">Shandong</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="F7D97BD7C7364D53033607B66BBBDBF7" country="China" name="Ningxia">Ningxia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="584024A3FA283A09BC2CBB92C61FE0E3" country="China" name="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="E13573BBDC9FC8B8E51A015211A6C146" country="China" name="Gansu">Gansu</collectingRegion>
, NE
<collectingRegion id="56056DA82A8346E9565E017FB121BB37" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, and C
<collectingRegion id="BE228200B50917B7D5FD8ED23EE51DB0" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
; east through N
<collectingRegion id="B653979014F375EFEE50778A1850FEE9" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="DDBBEBC396C0DC8DE395D761689B7CD2" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan</collectingRegion>
to N
<collectingRegion id="F3DF69E0392E43575C956F736F9596EA" country="China" name="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="0CE74A1180AF9A93E6CBA8920EF18236" country="China" name="Fujian">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D9BB1B60D4B895FB5ACB2BE07F331104" country="China" name="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="61CCD70815FEE48949CAECAE6B7F69BE" country="China" name="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
, and S
<collectingRegion id="B48D3ED81F1767BE098B15EA99CED10A" country="China" name="Anhui">Anhui</collectingRegion>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0CFB1785F030732BA968D338C7D675D4" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; S. Jin &amp; G. Quan &amp; S. Li &amp; Z. Ye &amp; F. Wang &amp; M. Zhang" refId="ref405616" refString="Zhang, Y., S. Jin, G. Quan, S. Li, Z. Ye, F. Wang, and M. Zhang. 1997. Distribution of mammalian species in China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 280 pp." year="1997">Zhang et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
); also on Sakhalin Isl (
<bibRefCitation id="0BF247DD6DF909CC25D1F3C60925AFDA" author="Dobson, M." refId="ref86570" refString="Dobson, M. 1994. Patterns of distribution in Japanese land mammals. Mammal Review, 24 (3): 91 - 111." year="1994">Dobson, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="15C2D591DCD83423481DB56ACDF70B68" author="Voronov, G. A." refId="ref376599" refString="Voronov, G. A. 1992. [Microtus fortis (Rodentia, Cricetidae), a new species in the fauna of Sakhalin Island.] Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 71 (4): 85 - 89 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1992">Voronov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and the Korean Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="221B6F64FEBF31D2F69E60E51484E80F" author="Won, C. &amp; K. G. Smith" refId="ref393193" refString="Won, C., and K. G. Smith. 1999. History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29 (1): 3 - 33." year="1999">Won and Smith, 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0710DAE9870034913EA1BC369F50EAC8" pageNumber="997" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="572C28FABFBD823E3A438A0710C679F3" pageNumber="997">
<emphasis id="F000326FC7005079F73280C73F3E062A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="997">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="2A8AAEDF01C19AC0DFAA7AE6F07AC794">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BD6E85CF8070356AC95142F56EF79CA" pageNumber="997" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FE170658098B2C538B8765E598671498" pageNumber="997">
<emphasis id="D67A972D69B0B46A122FADBF56759D1B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="997">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="8EC267191BA352BA2D11C1233CBEB369" pageNumber="997">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="D13924CBBF021A930961DE2104EB2E4B" authority="(Zagorodnyuk, 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Zagorodnyuk" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alexandromys">
<emphasis id="335332986C7A51B099F44D19ACCE2CEB" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Alexandromys</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="43CF688C0BCA9CEC92D0D8DCA1CCD59A" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref402957" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian)." year="1990">Zagorodnyuk, 1990</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or subgenus
<taxonomicName id="3FFB2B27CC28C4E0C086D457F916FC22" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF3B93CC27502A093C1D7DCF3597FA06" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Microtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D7F95906FAA12E3867B88E9E19AAE4D" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; I. Ya. Polyakov" refId="ref130339" refString="Gromov, I. M., and I. Ya. Polyakov. 1977. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom 3, vyp. 8 [Fauna of the USSR, vol. 3, pt. 8, Mammals]. Polevki [Voles (Microtinae)]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 504 pp. (in Russian)." year="1977">Gromov and Polyakov, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; Meyer et al., 1996;
<bibRefCitation id="552C1D2365BAF5A8DEF94D5710AE7654" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. &amp; O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277815" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian)." year="1987">Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Most researchers view this species as phylogenetically close to
<taxonomicName id="0FAFA3ABE9271ECC09BDD5F4A498F858" authorityName="Radde" authorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mongolicus">
<emphasis id="64760C014AA167FD95CA9DA4E7B197B1" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. mongolicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C841C401BC7A5935AF57E32A663CDE31" author="Meyer, M. N." refId="ref238811" refString="Meyer, M. N. 1983. [Evolution and taxonomic status of common voles of the subgenus Microtus in the fauna of the USSR.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 62: 90 - 101 (in Russian)." year="1983">Meyer, 1983</bibRefCitation>
; Meyer et al., 1996;
<bibRefCitation id="A1E9365083A8BF0A9640DF9BCFD7674A" author="Radjabli, S. I. &amp; M. N. Meier &amp; F. N. Golenishchev &amp; A. A. Isaenko" refId="ref295737" refString="Radjabli, S. I., M. N. Meier, F. N. Golenishchev, and A. A. Isaenko. 1984. [Karyological peculiarities of the Mongolian vole and its relations within the subgenus Microtus (Rodentia, Cricetidae)]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 63: 441 - 446 (in Russian)." year="1984">Radjabli et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="7DB4F424EA513641B0DF4542396D32EB" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref402957" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian)." year="1990">Zagorodnyuk (1990)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="C48D8E9C6A7CC18B9FE390AA0C436B29" authorityName="Büchner" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="C19009EBA365A47C671EACF58ECD785E" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. fortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the only member of its species group and related to the
<taxonomicName id="CC5ADFC051123E6C6A95F47ED4AD1664" baseAuthorityName="Poliakov" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="middendorfii">
<emphasis id="25DE78901C76194E86FB1346A72B20CD" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. middendorfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, which contains
<taxonomicName id="3F86B586C156D40D43EA97B22E23FC90" authorityName="Poljakov" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="middendorffii">
<emphasis id="FDFA35FE032D7C68666F51883C0CEEA3" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. middendorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CA4453D38B5F97A6AE24FAAFFC6A7489" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miurus">
<emphasis id="E23FCC3FFC5C5BEB53A80C8ABA629FD8" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. miurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="595154F5C4A803D28C475AF1614F94FB" authorityName="Radde" authorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mongolicus">
<emphasis id="296BEA39E6F829827DA9DDD42946BB65" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. mongolicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E712CAEA8F3F74A89AA713C937B1ADFB" authorityName="Vasin" authorityYear="1955" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sachaliensis">
<emphasis id="D1A065527429811BEE2F188927F4ECBF" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. sachaliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This association is supported by allozymic analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="B0FAD2141C7ED44778348C7D4901755E" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; A. E. Zykov &amp; S. Yu. Morozov-Leonov" refId="ref240119" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., A. E. Zykov, and S. Yu. Morozov-Leonov. 1993. [Biochemical variation and genetic divergence of Palearctic voles (Arvicolidae). Meadow voles, Microtus Schrank, 1798, snow voles, Chionomys Miller, 1908, water voles, Arvicola Lacepede, 1799.] Genetika, 29 (1): 28 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1993">Mezhzherin et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
); data integrated from chromosomal, morphological and hybridization studies (Meyer et al., 1996); and phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome
<emphasis id="9A6E0018CE8FFC3C2B6F170E87453CFC" italics="true" pageNumber="997">b</emphasis>
, also including
<taxonomicName id="6149B7EF1BF5EB2592CE389884B89069" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montebelli">
<emphasis id="2AAECD4644EB1066F7A9B57852FDD5BF" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. montebelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="97F8786E4785F71422723B361B4DFBE6" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kikuchii">
<emphasis id="E53CC9DF8E8B0C3CB0C55427A55FA345" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. kikuchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E64A13CA8CC09402616D40A46BFD0D8A" authority="(Conroy and Cook, 2000 a)" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oeconomus">
<emphasis id="9FE53437EA134479265A1CF2ADC5BC28" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. oeconomus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CD6E720782613F65828A5BE3EC2E5FE8" author="Conroy, C. J. &amp; J. A. Cook" refId="ref64940" refString="Conroy, C. J., and J. A. Cook. 2000 a. Molecular systematics of a Holarctic rodent (Microtus: Muridae). Journal of Mammalogy, 81: 344 - 359." year="2000">
Conroy and Cook, 2000
<emphasis id="C82239220991E6DC58EB4CD0E958EEB6" italics="true" pageNumber="997">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Chromosomal variation and its significance assessed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB3A85D19319EE6F83CBE13B015D4" author="Kovalskaya, Yu. M. &amp; V. M. Malygin &amp; I. V. Kartavtseva" refId="ref195655" refString="Kovalskaya, Yu. M., V. M. Malygin, I. V. Kartavtseva. 1988. [Karyotype stability and distribution of reed voles- - Microtus fortis (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 67: 1253 - 1259 (in Russian)." year="1988">Kovalskaya et al. (1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="45AADF215F856F940D324EEA7F7BE9D1" author="Kovalskaya, Yu. M. &amp; V. M. Aniskin &amp; I. V. Kartavtseva" refId="ref195707" refString="Kovalskaya, Yu. M., V. M. Aniskin, and I. V. Kartavtseva. 1991. [Geographic variation of C-heterochromatin in Microtus fortis (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 70: 97 - 104 (in Russian)." year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A168CBB378FCB6917930F2F5AB0834FB" pageNumber="997">
<bibRefCitation id="C5AD381C8BAEAC7408005E928C19B258" author="Kaneko, Y. &amp; Y. Hasegawa" refId="ref180106" refString="Kaneko, Y., and Y. Hasegawa. 1995. Some fossil arvicolid rodents from the Pinza-Abut Cave, Miyako Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 50 (1): 23 - 37." year="1995">Kaneko and Hasegawa (1995)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="127FF47CB3DB2763724C111EFB4673FC" authorityName="Büchner" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="3122DF2BEE702AC8AAB8EDADB66119C7" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. fortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E9C75A0DF3D9754CD82CA41822FA2814" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oeconomus">
<emphasis id="1CAEC60BBDE4057E8140EC90DEED4A5F" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. oeconomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from late Pleistocene cave deposits on Miyako Isl in the Ryukyu Isls, and claimed that the late Pleistocene samples from continental
<collectingCountry id="B5107F218093D56678DD44A9F32CA640" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, other Ryukyu Isls, and Honshu,
<collectingCountry id="BDB5C561FC132A404F396346C880E5F3" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
identified in the literature as
<emphasis id="35E02C6A7C247DA8EC7EE6C05437A9A8" italics="true" pageNumber="997">brandtioides</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="3E7213364CE4975C8C59674704044F4E" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiratticeps">
<emphasis id="B2EDFF0CB73C853F4A4DC34D80993AE1" italics="true" pageNumber="997">epiratticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="16C893C78CBC88E6A36FE90827722354" italics="true" pageNumber="997">complicidens</emphasis>
(not necessarily the
<typeStatus id="733BE824A6A2E3412A65AB4E6448EF28">holotypes</typeStatus>
, which were not studied) actually represent
<taxonomicName id="D7F1A469072C471EC8FF71002DC03A59" authorityName="Büchner" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="9F439339D0634429AB4E0A43BD6CD38D" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. fortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(modern range does not include
<collectingCountry id="B9C621F8628C15B92D38956BD006A743" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
or the Ryukyu Isls). According to
<bibRefCitation id="6DE4BA124FBE391D352EC59E88617CD9" author="Zheng, S. &amp; Li Chuan-kwei" refId="ref406011" refString="Zheng, S., and Li Chuan-kwei. 1990. Comments on fossil arvicolids of China. Pp. 431 - 442, in International symposium evolution, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of arvicolids (Rodentia, Mammalia) (O. Fejfar and W. - D. Heinrich, eds.). Geological Survey, Prague, 448 pp." year="1990">Zheng and Li (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, specimens identified as
<emphasis id="A68676F0682AEA81F784C854CBEB21F2" italics="true" pageNumber="997">brandtioides</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="D1947875F42A58CFAA817C67942A4EC0" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiratticeps">
<emphasis id="C5B0EA6B7CC2F2AA07F9B9E48EDAC1DD" italics="true" pageNumber="997">epiratticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="AEB400A01FEB46F724EEF647E2520B8C" italics="true" pageNumber="997">complicidens</emphasis>
from
<collectingCountry id="43BF70F14BD791001B70B19977C3EF83" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
are a mixed assemblage. At Choukoutien, e.g., the oldest fossil (early Pleistocene) is true
<emphasis id="A3C4FAF4144C7A9ECC51877F03F47A7C" italics="true" pageNumber="997">brandtioides</emphasis>
, fragments from other sites are nearly indistinguishable from living
<taxonomicName id="1DA3D119BEACF12E95C9F8C07F442028" baseAuthorityName="Radde" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Lasiopodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandti">
<emphasis id="2AD751CD749FE94464080B96A1DDA11A" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Lasiopodomys brandti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens called
<taxonomicName id="85EA9452CAB6ABD9BD87DB9A4674B2B8" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiratticeps">
<emphasis id="1C22CA28126753322B3D5D742F8991D3" italics="true" pageNumber="997">epiratticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may represent more than a single species,
<emphasis id="7299A6D7867F9DF4F0C654707F21E6E1" italics="true" pageNumber="997">complicidens</emphasis>
is in a different genus (
<taxonomicName id="C4BDFC9872E53E80934EA8AAD4E975B7" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Li" authorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Hexianomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="55BA6F621832DE63E920891C2BF2A37A" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Hexianomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C7750E831F5DCEDE1ED05D98529C0CD" authorityName="Büchner" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="AC4C59A0D1B7B6451AB9952A79122226" italics="true" pageNumber="997">M. fortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present but had been misidentified as
<emphasis id="27CC1E7F53325D0E3B6F7364E57E2570" italics="true" pageNumber="997">brandtioides</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7BDFFA76979A2A03C1C831DC38B148DE" author="Zheng, S. &amp; Li Chuan-kwei" refId="ref406011" refString="Zheng, S., and Li Chuan-kwei. 1990. Comments on fossil arvicolids of China. Pp. 431 - 442, in International symposium evolution, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of arvicolids (Rodentia, Mammalia) (O. Fejfar and W. - D. Heinrich, eds.). Geological Survey, Prague, 448 pp." year="1990">Zheng and Li (1990)</bibRefCitation>
regarded true
<emphasis id="20ACE5A337A4606886827C0ADD1EE933" italics="true" pageNumber="997">brandtioides</emphasis>
to be a species of
<taxonomicName id="E26B256E015989AA4451149E649924F2" baseAuthorityName="Repenning" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Lasiopodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBAEFEC4296346940657F91E9C87C42E" italics="true" pageNumber="997">Lasiopodomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as did
<bibRefCitation id="FAC1904F4A8ED483DDEDC027D346BD6D" author="Repenning, C. A." refId="ref302001" refString="Repenning, C. A. 1992. Allophaiomys and the age of the Olyor Suite, Krestovka Sections, Yakutia. U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2037, 98 pp." year="1992">Repenning (1992)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>