612 lines
70 KiB
XML
612 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="2B11C81A17E18B5945BCD3D3507B35A6" ID-CLB-Dataset="46149" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="868a02ce-c302-44b3-bc51-251c070e051e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="226903" ID-ZooBank="AFB77705-1519-413D-96CD-25EDE68A6C73" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460401221139" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maake, Pholoshi A., Gon, Ofer & Swartz, Ernst R." docDate="2014" docId="3F5BF765FF86FFF3FF31FA67FA64C1B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03780p480.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3780 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Marcusenius caudisquamatus Maake, Gon & Swartz, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="20C7D289-71D9-497E-AAE3-1CD2A9E5ADA4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="C3628F1DFF8DFFFDFFA6F870FFF9C163" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of three new species of Marcusenius Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Mormyridae) from South Africa and Mozambique" masterLastPageNumber="480" masterPageNumber="455" pageNumber="466" updateTime="1698299255546" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8837CF64E3DA4B1F6C28F1803E85614D">Descriptions of three new species of Marcusenius Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Mormyridae) from South Africa and Mozambique</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="52277A099CFF097FA37F38A808033703">Gon, Ofer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DA3B582D3F56F254EA433BFD1A9CE13">Swartz, Ernst R.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF86FFF6FF31FA67FDFBC352" ID-CoL="3Y37L" box="[151,514,535,561]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus" status="sp. nov.">Marcusenius caudisquamatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EB5271AFF86FFF6FDB6FA68FD97C351" box="[528,622,536,562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="B74D4673FF86FFF6FF31FA4AFE9BC330" blockId="11.[151,622,535,595]" box="[151,354,570,595]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
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<figureCitation id="2FC95AF6FF86FFF6FF31FA4AFF0FC330" box="[151,246,570,595]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs and radiographs of preserved specimens of four species of Marcusenius: (a 1 and a 2) M. pongolensis, SAIAB 188296, 165 mm SL, male, Pongola River; (b 1 and b 2) M. krameri, SAIAB 188295, 116.2 mm, male, holotype, Mogalakwena River; (c 1 and c 2) M. caudisquamatus, SAIAB 88684, 166 mm SL, male, holotype, Mhlatuze River; and (d 1 and d 2) M. lucombesi, SAIAB 73884, 74.0 mm SL, male, holotype, Lucombe River." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226906/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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c,
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.
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SL, male, Mhlatuze River, under the bridge on road R102,
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, P. Maake, B. Kramer and B. Mackenzie,
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), Hologenetype cyt
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(GenBank number
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).
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SL, Paragenetypes
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), Paragenetypes cyt
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(GenBank
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and
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), paragenetype cyt
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(GenBank
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), same collection data as
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.
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<collectionCode id="D1E3DEB6FF86FFF6FE77FB26FDDCC20D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[465,549,854,878]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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79149, 4:
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SL, KwaMaZulu stream close to where it flows into Goedertrouw Dam, part of the Mhlatuze River system in KwaZulu-Natal,
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, J. Engelbrecht and B. Kramer,
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96607, 2:
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SL, Nseleni River - Nsezi Lake,
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,
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,
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. Weyl, R. Karsing and B. Ellender,
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|
||
<collectionCode id="D1E3DEB6FF86FFF6FC64FBB2FBEFC2BA" box="[962,1046,962,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
2013
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF86FFF6FBC0FBB2FB56C2B9" box="[1126,1199,962,986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" value="74-04-09">
|
||
9.4.
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF86FFF6FB36FBB2FB56C2B9" box="[1168,1199,962,986]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4215" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="74215.0">74</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 215 mm SL, same collection data as previous lot.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D1E3DEB6FF86FFF6FE52FB96FDB1C29D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[500,584,998,1022]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
88692, 2:
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF86FFF6FD67FB95FCAFC29E" box="[705,854,997,1022]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.485" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="2.42" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="248.5" valueMax="255.0" valueMin="242.0">242–255 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, Nseleni River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2C620B4FF86FFF6FB92FB95FB28C29D" box="[1076,1233,997,1022]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" precision="1" value="-28.716057">28°42'57.8" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2C620B4FF86FFF6FB7BFB95FA84C29E" box="[1245,1405,997,1022]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" precision="1" value="31.99289">31°59'34.4" E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, P. Maake and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFE506E3FF86FFF6FEB8FC7AFECCC541" box="[286,309,1034,1058]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Weyl,
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF86FFF6FE28FC7AFD96C541" box="[398,623,1033,1058]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" value="2009-11-10">10 November 2009</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D1E3DEB6FF86FFF6FDDDFC7AFD36C541" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[635,719,1034,1058]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
96543, 2:
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF86FFF6FCE8FC7AFC1FC542" box="[846,998,1034,1058]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="1.93" metricValueMin="1.92" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="192.5" valueMax="193.0" valueMin="192.0">192–193 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, Nseleni River - Nature Reserve - Richards Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2C620B4FF86FFF6FE98FC5DFE28C525" box="[318,465,1069,1094]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" precision="1" value="-28.699417">28°41.965' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2C620B4FF86FFF6FE79FC5EFD8DC526" box="[479,628,1070,1094]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" precision="1" value="32.00128">32°00.077' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFE506E3FF86FFF6FD27FC5EFD61C525" box="[641,664,1070,1094]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Weyl, R. Karsing, R. Jones and B. Ellender,
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF86FFF6FB05FC5EFAB9C525" box="[1187,1344,1070,1094]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" value="2010-05-23">23 May 2010</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D1E3DEB6FF86FFF6FAEDFC5EFA65C525" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,1070,1094]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF86FFF6FF31FC21FEA7C50A" box="[151,350,1105,1130]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.10775184" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="4.10775184E8">410775, 184 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, same collection data as previous lot.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D1E3DEB6FF86FFF6FCF4FC22FC5FC509" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[850,934,1106,1130]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF86FFF6FC14FC21FB92C50A" box="[946,1131,1105,1130]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6603196" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="9.6603196E7">96603, 196 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, Lower Nseleni River opposite Davidson's Farm,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2C620B4FF86FFF6FE76FC05FD9DC5ED" box="[464,612,1141,1166]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" precision="1" value="-28.699417">28°41.965' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2C620B4FF86FFF6FDD5FC06FCF3C5EE" box="[627,778,1142,1166]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" precision="1" value="32.00128">32°00.077' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFE506E3FF86FFF6FCBEFC06FCD6C5ED" box="[792,815,1142,1166]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Weyl, R. Karsing, R. Jones and B. Ellender,
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF86FFF6FAE5FC06FF2AC5D1" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" value="2010-05-27">27 May 2010</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFE815F8FF86FFF6FF61FCCDFD09C405" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF86FFF6FF61FCCDFD09C405" blockId="11.[151,1437,637,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF86FFF6FF61FCCDFEB8C5B5" bold="true" box="[199,321,1213,1238]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Middle body depth 23.8–25.9% SL; dorsal fin length 15.4–19.2% SL; anal fin length 23.0–24.9% SL; pre-dorsal length 61.7–66.7% SL; pre-anal length 60.7–62.8% SL; caudal peduncle depth 40.4–51.7% of its length (greater than and non-overlapping with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF86FFF6FD01FD76FCDFC47E" box="[679,806,1285,1309]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF86FFF6FD01FD76FCDFC47E" box="[679,806,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF86FFF6FCF9FD76FC0EC47E" box="[863,1015,1285,1309]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF86FFF6FCF9FD76FC0EC47E" box="[863,1015,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">M. lucombesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); dorsal fin rays 20–22; anal fin rays 27–28; scales around caudal peduncle 19; lateral line scales 72–73; anterior GR (4) + (5–6) = (9–10); posterior GR (6) + (9) = 15; conical teeth on upper/lower jaws 5–5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFE815F8FF86FFF1FF61FD01FDC9C711" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF86FFF6FF61FD01FE61C697" blockId="11.[151,1437,637,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF86FFF6FF61FD01FEA1C4E9" bold="true" box="[199,344,1393,1418]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements and meristic counts are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="FA7073C8FF86FFF6FCDAFD01FC2BC4E9" box="[892,978,1393,1418]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,236,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Basic statistics for morphological characters of Marcusenius caudisquamatus. See Table 1 for characters definitions. Asterisks indicate non-overlapping characters with other Marcusenius species." pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. Head with terminal mouth well in front of eye; mental lobe on lower jaw protruding in front of upper jaw; snout rounded and blunt; pre-anal distance shorter than pre-dorsal distance; distance from origin of anal fin to origin of dorsal fin greater than middle body depth; pre-pelvic distance twice as long as distance between pelvic and anal fin; dorsal and anal fins set well back on the body, dorsal fin situated about three fourths of standard length from snout and opposite anal fin; dorsal fin shorter, originating on vertical at 4th or 5th anal fin ray and ending before anal fin base; distal margin of dorsal and anal fins obliquely orientated, with rays becoming gradually shorter posteriorly; dorsal fin rays 20 (20–22), its anterior rays highest, with distal margin rounded and slightly concave; anal fin rays 27 (27–28); males at sexual maturity have kink in the base of the anal fin distinctly curving inward; anterior anal fin rays of sexually mature males strong and sometimes darker, 3rd–5th rays longer than the first two rays, crescentic and rounded or curved backwards, but are anteriorly sharp or pointy in females and juveniles; pectoral fin rays 10; pectoral fin length 73.4–96.9% of head length; middle body depth 25.1% (23.7–25.9%) of SL; caudal peduncle thicker and stronger, subcylindrical across its entire length, 19.7% (18.6–21.6%) in SL; scales along the caudal peduncle circumference 19 (
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF86FFF6FF62FF3CFF2EC600" box="[196,215,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 15); caudal peduncle depth 45.2% (40.4–51.7%) into its length; lateral line scales 70 (72–73); lateral line scales cycloid with reticulate striae; jaws with 5–5 conical teeth; 44 vertebrae (excluding urostyle); anterior GRt = 9 (9–10); on the first gill arch (
|
||
<tableCitation id="FA7073C8FF86FFF6FDA9FFE3FD93C6CF" box="[527,618,1939,1964]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,242,256,279]" captionText="TABLE 6. Frequency distribution of gill-raker counts for Marcusenius caudisquamatus, M. krameri, M. lucombesi and M. pongolensis. Asterisks indicate counts for the holotype of each species. Body of the Table gives number of specimens." pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), gill rakers of the anterior row on first arch conicals, thin and more developed (longer and smooth); posterior GRt = 15 on the first gill arch; rakers on the posterior row shorter, thicker and with flattened tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E38D16FBFF81FFF1FF31F8E8FBA5C1AC" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF81FFF1FF31F8E8FBA5C1AC" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FF31F8E8FEF3C1CC" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Basic statistics for morphological characters of
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FC8EF8E8FB89C1CC" box="[808,1136,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FC8EF8E8FB95C1CC" box="[808,1132,151,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">Marcusenius caudisquamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
See Table 1 for characters definitions. Asterisks indicate non-overlapping characters with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FCDEF8C8FBF8C1AC" box="[888,1025,184,207]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FCDEF8C8FBF8C1AC" box="[888,1025,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Marcusenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF81FFF1FF39F89AFEEDC008" blockId="12.[159,1356,234,774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
Character
|
||
<typeStatus id="6849F8D1FF81FFF1FEDFF89AFE2EC063" box="[377,471,234,256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
N Mean/Median Min Max Std. Dev SL, mm
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF81FFF1FEDFF97CFE35C041" box="[377,460,268,290]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="166.0">166 mm</quantity>
|
||
15 157.19 84.64 250 49.23 HL, mm
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF81FFF1FEDFF944FE26C029" box="[377,479,308,330]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.534" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="35.34">35.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
15 32.77 19.13 51.3 8.89 Ratio of SL
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF81FFF1FF39F90CFCA4C487" blockId="12.[159,1356,234,774]" lastBlockId="12.[151,861,1484,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
HL 0.2129 15 0.2114 0.1868 0.2273 0.0117 vBD 0.2404 15 0.2399 0.2305 0.2481 0.0050 mBD 0.2512 15 0.2495 0.2376 0.2588 0.0065 dAD 0.2519 15 0.2556 0.2443 0.2727 0.0081 CPL 0.1966 15 0.2017 0.1864 0.2168 0.0083 PDL 0.6527 15 0.6414 0.6171 0.6668 0.0138 PAL 0.6165 15 0.6186 0.6078 0.6285 0.0052 pD 0.4047 15 0.4056 0.4001 0.4092 0.0028 * MP pA 0.4313 15 0.4339 0.4301 0.4379 0.0026 * MP pPL 0.2301 15 0.2365 0.2301 0.2464 0.0056 pVL 0.4119 15 0.4089 0.3912 0.4234 0.0090 dVA 0.2134 15 0.2127 0.1927 0.2336 0.0110 NB: MP =
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FEABFDBDFE4FC487" box="[269,438,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FEABFDBDFE4BC487" box="[269,434,1484,1508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">M. pongolensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ML =
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FDA7FDBDFD61C487" box="[513,664,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FDA7FDBDFD6DC487" box="[513,660,1484,1508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">M. lucombesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MK =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FD43FDBDFCA4C487" box="[741,861,1484,1508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FD43FDBDFCA4C487" box="[741,861,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF81FFF1FF39FB64FAB5C4F1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<table id="C5F2B4D3FF810002FF31FB64FA6CC4D7" box="[151,1429,788,1460]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<tr id="09C24431FF810002FF31FB64FA6CC299" box="[151,1429,788,1018]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FF31FB64FEE1C299" box="[151,280,788,1018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">dPA dPV LD LA CPD/CPL Ratio of HL HW</th>
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FEDFFB64FE46C299" box="[377,447,788,1018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.4010 0.1954 0.1616 0.2361 0.4516 0.5948</th>
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FDBDFB64FDCDC299" box="[539,564,788,1018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">15 15 15 15 15 15</th>
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FD2AFB64FD20C299" box="[652,729,788,1018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.3951 0.1916 0.1676 0.2391 0.4486 0.6307</th>
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FCC0FB64FC55C299" box="[870,940,788,1018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.3696 0.1773 0.1541 0.2302 0.4038 0.5942</th>
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FC54FB64FBC1C299" box="[1010,1080,788,1018]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.4160 0.2059 0.1920 0.2487 0.5166 0.6581</th>
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FBD8FB64FB3DC299" box="[1150,1220,788,1018]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.0096 0.0085 0.0111 0.0058 0.0300 0.0212</th>
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FAB2FB64FA6CC299" box="[1300,1429,788,1018]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">* MP * ML, MK</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09C24431FF810002FF31FC7FFA6CC58F" box="[151,1429,1039,1260]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FF31FC7FFEE1C58F" box="[151,280,1039,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">LSN IOW ED LP Counts nD nA</th>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FEDFFC7FFE46C58F" box="[377,447,1039,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.4680 0.4044 0.2083 20 27</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FDBDFC7FFDCDC58F" box="[539,564,1039,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">15 15 15 15 15 15</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FD2AFC7FFD20C58F" box="[652,729,1039,1260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.4768 0.4140 0.2004 0.8297 Median 21 28</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FCC0FC7FFC55C58F" box="[870,940,1039,1260]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.4442 0.3763 0.1810 0.7339 20 27</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FC54FC7FFBC1C58F" box="[1010,1080,1039,1260]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.5150 0.4443 0.2233 0.9696 22 28</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FBD8FC7FFB3DC58F" box="[1150,1220,1039,1260]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0.0182 0.0239 0.0136 0.0714 0.6172 0.5164</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09C24431FF810002FF31FD74FA6CC479" box="[151,1429,1284,1306]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FF31FD74FEE1C479" box="[151,280,1284,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">SPc</th>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FEDFFD74FE46C479" box="[377,447,1284,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">19</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FDBDFD74FDCDC479" box="[539,564,1284,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">15</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FD2AFD74FD20C479" box="[652,729,1284,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">19</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FCC0FD74FC55C479" box="[870,940,1284,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">19</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FC54FD74FBC1C479" box="[1010,1080,1284,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">19</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FBD8FD74FB3DC479" box="[1150,1220,1284,1306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FAB2FD74FA6CC479" box="[1300,1429,1284,1306]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">*MP, MK,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09C24431FF810002FF31FD48FA6CC4D7" box="[151,1429,1336,1460]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<th id="4A132D4DFF810002FF31FD48FEE1C4D7" box="[151,280,1336,1460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">nTL nTU TV LSS</th>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FEDFFD48FE46C4D7" box="[377,447,1336,1460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">5 5 44 70</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FDBDFD48FDCDC4D7" box="[539,564,1336,1460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">15 15 7 6</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FD2AFD48FD20C4D7" box="[652,729,1336,1460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">5 5 44 72</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FCC0FD48FC55C4D7" box="[870,940,1336,1460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">5 5 44 72</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FC54FD48FBC1C4D7" box="[1010,1080,1336,1460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">5 5 44 73</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FBD8FD48FB3DC4D7" box="[1150,1220,1336,1460]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">0 0 0 0.5477</td>
|
||
<td id="4A132D4DFF810002FAB2FD48FA6CC4D7" box="[1300,1429,1336,1460]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">* MP</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF81FFF1FF61FE61FDC9C711" blockId="12.[151,1436,1553,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FF61FE61FE0AC749" bold="true" box="[199,499,1553,1578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Electric organ discharge.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3633B82FF81FFF1FE5CFE62FD1BC749" box="[506,738,1553,1578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" refString="Kramer, B., Skelton, P. H., Van der Bank, F. H. & Wink, M. (2007) Allopatric differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in southern and eastern Africa: the resurrection of M. pongolensis and M. angolensis, and the description of two new species (Mormyridae, Teleostei). Journal of Natural History, 41, 647 - 708. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701250987" type="journal article">
|
||
Kramer
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FDF1FE62FD69C74A" box="[599,656,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that the EODs of seven individuals from Mhlatuze River (SAIAB 79149, 4; ZSM 35090, 3) cannot be differentiated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FBBDFE46FB3EC72E" box="[1051,1223,1589,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FBBDFE46FB3EC72E" box="[1051,1223,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from the Incomati and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FE97FE29FE30C711" authority="River" authorityName="River" box="[305,457,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Pongola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pongola river</taxonomicName>
|
||
systems.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFE815F8FF81FFF0FF61FE0DFE77C77E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF81FFF0FF61FE0DFB4DC1B6" blockId="12.[151,1436,1553,2010]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FF61FE0DFEC2C7F5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1661,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FEE7FE0EFD74C7F6" box="[321,653,1661,1685]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FEE7FE0EFD74C7F6" box="[321,653,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Marcusenius caudisquamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be distinguished by its shorter and thicker caudal peduncle, (40.4–51.37% of peduncle length as opposed to 26.0–40.6% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FCCDFED2FC13C7DA" box="[875,1002,1697,1721]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FCCDFED2FC13C7DA" box="[875,1002,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 28.7–45.66% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FB79FED2FA75C7DA" box="[1247,1420,1697,1721]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FB79FED2FA75C7DA" box="[1247,1420,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The deeper caudal peduncle has more circumpeduncular scales than in other species (19 vs
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF81FFF1FB0CFEB5FB1DC7BD" box="[1194,1252,1733,1758]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FB4AFEB6FA95C7BE" box="[1260,1388,1733,1757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FB4AFEB6FA95C7BE" box="[1260,1388,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 16–17 for
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FEB5FE9AFE31C662" box="[275,456,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FEB5FE9AFE3CC662" box="[275,453,1769,1793]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">M. pongolensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<tableCitation id="FA7073C8FF81FFF1FE75FE99FDD2C661" box="[467,555,1769,1794]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,236,1026,1049]" captionText="TABLE 7. Frequency distribution of counts of dorsal and anal fin rays, and circumpeduncular scales in Marcusenius caudisquamatus, M. krameri, M. lucombesi and M. pongolensis. Asterisks indicate counts for the holotype of each species. Body of the Table gives number of specimens." pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal profile of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FC76FE9AFB56C662" box="[976,1199,1769,1793]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FC76FE9AFB56C662" box="[976,1199,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. caudisquamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Mhlatuze River has a steep, nearly vertical hump in front of the eye. It is slightly concave behind the eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FC95AF6FF81FFF1FAE2FF7DFA7EC645" box="[1348,1415,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs and radiographs of preserved specimens of four species of Marcusenius: (a 1 and a 2) M. pongolensis, SAIAB 188296, 165 mm SL, male, Pongola River; (b 1 and b 2) M. krameri, SAIAB 188295, 116.2 mm, male, holotype, Mogalakwena River; (c 1 and c 2) M. caudisquamatus, SAIAB 88684, 166 mm SL, male, holotype, Mhlatuze River; and (d 1 and d 2) M. lucombesi, SAIAB 73884, 74.0 mm SL, male, holotype, Lucombe River." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226906/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
c) as compared to being convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FE5BFF42FD51C62A" box="[509,680,1841,1865]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FE5BFF42FD51C62A" box="[509,680,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FD7BFF42FC8AC62A" box="[733,883,1841,1865]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FD7BFF42FC8AC62A" box="[733,883,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. lucombesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FC95AF6FF81FFF1FC24FF41FC36C629" box="[898,975,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs and radiographs of preserved specimens of four species of Marcusenius: (a 1 and a 2) M. pongolensis, SAIAB 188296, 165 mm SL, male, Pongola River; (b 1 and b 2) M. krameri, SAIAB 188295, 116.2 mm, male, holotype, Mogalakwena River; (c 1 and c 2) M. caudisquamatus, SAIAB 88684, 166 mm SL, male, holotype, Mhlatuze River; and (d 1 and d 2) M. lucombesi, SAIAB 73884, 74.0 mm SL, male, holotype, Lucombe River." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226906/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a and 2d, respectively), and straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FADBFF42FF09C60E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FADBFF42FF09C60E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FC95AF6FF81FFF1FEA6FF25FEBCC60D" box="[256,325,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,519,1437]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs and radiographs of preserved specimens of four species of Marcusenius: (a 1 and a 2) M. pongolensis, SAIAB 188296, 165 mm SL, male, Pongola River; (b 1 and b 2) M. krameri, SAIAB 188295, 116.2 mm, male, holotype, Mogalakwena River; (c 1 and c 2) M. caudisquamatus, SAIAB 88684, 166 mm SL, male, holotype, Mhlatuze River; and (d 1 and d 2) M. lucombesi, SAIAB 73884, 74.0 mm SL, male, holotype, Lucombe River." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226906/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
b). The number of GR on the posterior side of the first arch is constant and a reliable character to distinguish this species from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FD8FFF0AFD21C6F2" box="[553,728,1913,1937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FD8FFF0AFD21C6F2" box="[553,728,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FCB0FF0AFC6EC6F2" box="[790,919,1913,1937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FCB0FF0AFC6EC6F2" box="[790,919,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="FA7073C8FF81FFF1FC0CFF09FBFDC6F1" box="[938,1028,1913,1938]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,242,256,279]" captionText="TABLE 6. Frequency distribution of gill-raker counts for Marcusenius caudisquamatus, M. krameri, M. lucombesi and M. pongolensis. Asterisks indicate counts for the holotype of each species. Body of the Table gives number of specimens." pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FB18FF0AFAB9C6F2" box="[1214,1344,1913,1937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FB18FF0AFAB9C6F2" box="[1214,1344,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FADBFF0AFEE4C6D6" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FADBFF0AFEE4C6D6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the scales series across their body are easily visible,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF81FFF1FC7CFFEEFB4FC6D6" box="[986,1206,1949,1973]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF81FFF1FC7CFFEEFB4FC6D6" box="[986,1206,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">M. caudisquamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears smooth and the scales are almost fully embedded in the skin (observed both in live and preserved specimens). The species is genetically closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FDABF8E9FD6FC1D3" box="[525,662,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FDABF8E9FD6FC1D3" box="[525,662,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FC95AF6FF80FFF0FD17F8E7FCFBC1D3" box="[689,770,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,411,1533]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood phylogram (lnL = 2537.87) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences from the present study and GenBank using Marcusenius stanleyanus and Campylomormyrus compressirostris as outgroups. Values above the branches are bootstrap support based on 10 0 0 0 parsimony bootstrap replicates. Locality names, and SAIAB and Genbank accession numbers are indicated for each species individually." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sequence divergences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FB01F8E9FAC9C1D3" box="[1191,1328,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FB01F8E9FAC9C1D3" box="[1191,1328,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FADBF8E9FEB4C1B7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FADBF8E9FEB4C1B7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. caudisquamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 0.9–2.4%, and that is much larger that within the latter species (0.0–0.5%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E38D16FBFF80FFF0FF31F970FA64C054" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF31F970FA64C054" blockId="13.[151,1437,255,311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF31F970FEF4C074" bold="true" box="[151,269,256,279]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Frequency distribution of gill-raker counts for
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FCADF970FB36C074" box="[779,1231,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FCADF970FBB2C074" box="[779,1099,255,279]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">Marcusenius caudisquamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FBF0F970FB36C074" box="[1110,1231,255,279]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">M. krameri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FB7BF970FA97C074" box="[1245,1390,255,279]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FB7BF970FA97C074" box="[1245,1390,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. lucombesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF31F950FEC0C054" box="[151,313,287,311]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF31F950FEC0C054" box="[151,313,287,311]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Asterisks indicate counts for the holotype of each species. Body of the Table gives number of specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FE12F922FB38C00B" blockId="13.[159,1414,338,608]" box="[436,1217,338,360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">Gill arch, anterior series Gill arch, posterior series</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FE12F90DFACDC0F1" blockId="13.[159,1414,338,608]" box="[436,1332,380,402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">Upper limb Lower limb Upper Limb Lower limb</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF39F9D5FB2EC354" blockId="13.[159,1414,338,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
Number of GR 4 5 6 4 5 6 6 7 8 7 8
|
||
<specimenCount id="A1F48DFAFF80FFF0FAC6F9D5FF42C086" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" type="generic">
|
||
9
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39F9A0FF42C086" box="[159,187,464,485]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39F9A0FF42C086" box="[159,187,464,485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
caudisquamatus 10* 9*
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FCCDF9BEFA80C087" box="[875,1401,462,484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="2010-10-01">
|
||
1 10
|
||
<specimenCount id="A1F48DFAFF80FFF0FAC6F9BEFA80C087" box="[1376,1401,462,484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" type="generic">10</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39F989FEE8C36D" box="[159,273,504,526]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39F989FEE8C36D" box="[159,273,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
13* 2 15* 15* 15*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FA52FEDEC354" box="[159,295,545,567]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FA52FEDEC354" box="[159,295,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. lucombesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4* 1 4* 1 5* 5*
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF39FA3BFD5EC3A9" blockId="13.[159,1414,338,608]" lastBlockId="13.[159,1379,692,962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FA3BFEC3C303" box="[159,314,586,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FA3BFEC3C303" box="[159,314,586,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FE12FA3AFCD3C303" box="[436,810,586,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1921-04-17">17 4 21</date>
|
||
18
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FBBDFA3AFADCC303" box="[1051,1317,586,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1918-03-03">3 18 3</date>
|
||
Total Gill Rakers
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E38D16FBFF80FFF0FF31FAF1FE6AC3FB" box="[151,403,641,664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF31FAF1FE6AC3FB" blockId="13.[151,403,641,664]" box="[151,403,641,664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF31FAF1FEF5C3FB" bold="true" box="[151,268,641,664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FE5CFAADFB5DC390" blockId="13.[159,1379,692,962]" box="[506,1188,733,755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">Gill arch, anterior series Gill arch, posterior series</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF39FB76FB27C2A1" blockId="13.[159,1379,692,962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
Number of GR
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FE5CFB76FD09C27F" box="[506,752,774,796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="2010-09-08">8 9 10</date>
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FC9BFB76FBE0C27F" box="[829,1049,774,796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1914-11-13">11 13 14</date>
|
||
15 16
|
||
<specimenCount id="A1F48DFAFF80FFF0FA9BFB76FF42C225" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" type="generic">
|
||
17
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FB41FF42C225" box="[159,187,817,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FB41FF42C225" box="[159,187,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
caudisquamatus
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FDCEFB40FB7EC225" box="[616,1159,816,838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="2010-01-09">9 1 10</date>
|
||
* -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FB2AFEE8C20C" box="[159,273,857,879]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FB2AFEE8C20C" box="[159,273,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
13* 2 - 15*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FBF3FEDEC2FB" box="[159,295,898,920]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FBF3FEDEC2FB" box="[159,295,898,920]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. lucombesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3* 2 5* -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FBDDFEC3C2A1" box="[159,314,940,962]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FBDDFEC3C2A1" box="[159,314,940,962]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
17
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FD70FBDCFBF4C2A1" box="[726,1037,940,962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1918-04-03">4 18 3</date>
|
||
-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E38D16FBFF80FFF0FF31FC72FD1BC53A" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF31FC72FD1BC53A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1026,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF31FC72FEFAC57A" bold="true" box="[151,259,1026,1049]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">TABLE 7</emphasis>
|
||
. Frequency distribution of counts of dorsal and anal fin rays, and circumpeduncular scales in
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FAB5FC72FE2BC55A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FAB5FC72FEBEC55A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">Marcusenius caudisquamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FEF0FC52FE2BC55A" box="[342,466,1057,1081]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">M. krameri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FE42FC52FD81C55A" box="[484,632,1057,1081]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FE42FC52FD81C55A" box="[484,632,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. lucombesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FD12FC52FCA2C55A" box="[692,859,1057,1081]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FD12FC52FCA2C55A" box="[692,859,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Asterisks indicate counts for the holotype of each species. Body of the Table gives number of specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FE2BFC05FAC7C475" blockId="13.[159,1425,1141,1397]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
Dorsal rays Anal rays Circumpeduncular scales 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 14 15 16 17 18
|
||
<specimenCount id="A1F48DFAFF80FFF0FACDFCD4FF42C58B" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" type="generic">
|
||
19
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FCA3FF42C58B" box="[159,187,1235,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FCA3FF42C58B" box="[159,187,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
caudisquamatus 6* 8 1 7* 8 - 19*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FD71FEE8C475" box="[159,273,1280,1302]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FD71FEE8C475" box="[159,273,1280,1302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. krameri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4 26*
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FDDBFD70FC79C475" box="[637,896,1280,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1920-02-03">3 2 20</date>
|
||
11*
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FC7CFD70FB29C475" box="[986,1232,1280,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1935-01-03">3 1 35</date>
|
||
* -
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF39FD41FAC7C425" blockId="13.[159,1425,1141,1397]" box="[159,1342,1328,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FD41FEDEC425" box="[159,295,1328,1350]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucombesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FD41FEDEC425" box="[159,295,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. lucombesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 7* 5 4 9* 5* 5 3 -
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF39FD10FE77C77E" blockId="13.[159,1425,1141,1397]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,1469,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FF39FD10FEC3C417" box="[159,314,1374,1397]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF39FD10FEC3C417" box="[159,314,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. pongolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5 15*
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FDA4FD2EFD03C417" box="[514,762,1374,1396]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1925-04-05">25 5 4</date>
|
||
33* 13 25* 25 -
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF61FDCDFEB6C4B5" bold="true" box="[199,335,1469,1494]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
In preservation, specimens are grey to blackish. In 70% alcohol the upper back and belly are covered with a milky-grey mucus layer, especially on the head where opaque ‘mormyrid skin’ (electroreceptor organ area) is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFE815F8FF80FFF0FF61FE59FF46C6AD" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF61FE59FD26C601" blockId="13.[151,1436,1469,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FF61FE59FE0FC721" bold="true" box="[199,502,1577,1602]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently this species is known only from the Nseleni and the Mhlatuze rivers in KwaZulu-Natal,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFE506E3FF80FFF0FEFFFE3DFE15C705" box="[345,492,1613,1638]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FC95AF6FF80FFF0FDA6FE3DFDBCC705" box="[512,581,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1349,1370]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1325]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Map of South Africa showing collection sites of Marcusenius pongolensis (black dots), M. krameri (pink diamonds) and M. caudisquamatus (red triangles). Names of major river systems are indicated in italics." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226904/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Nseleni River was generally deep with strong currents and all the specimens were collected with gill nets. The Mhlatuze River was wide and shallow, about
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF80FFF0FB21FE01FB3FC7EA" box="[1159,1222,1649,1674]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
deep, with a sandy or rocky bottom with dense reed beds on the periphery. Water current was moderate to fast in sections where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70F23DF0FF80FFF0FADBFEE6FEB4C7B2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Marcusenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudisquamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FADBFEE6FEB4C7B2" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">M. caudisquamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected. The water conductivity was relatively high (503 µS/cm to 707 µS/cm) in summer (
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FF38FEADFEAEC795" box="[158,343,1757,1782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="2009-11">November 2009</date>
|
||
) as compared to the 134 µS/cm recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3633B82FF80FFF0FCEEFEAEFBD4C795" box="[840,1069,1757,1782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" refString="Kramer, B., Skelton, P. H., Van der Bank, F. H. & Wink, M. (2007) Allopatric differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in southern and eastern Africa: the resurrection of M. pongolensis and M. angolensis, and the description of two new species (Mormyridae, Teleostei). Journal of Natural History, 41, 647 - 708. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701250987" type="journal article">
|
||
Kramer
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FC02FEAEFC25C796" box="[932,988,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in winter (
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FB01FEAEFAA7C795" box="[1191,1374,1758,1782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="1999-08-12">12 August 1999</date>
|
||
). The water temperature at noon was around 25–26 °C in
|
||
<date id="C34C60B3FF80FFF0FD5DFF71FC4EC679" box="[763,951,1793,1818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" value="2009-11">November 2009</date>
|
||
, the water was clear and specimens were caught at various depths depending on the sampling station. The Mhlatuze River system has the southernmost record of mormyrids in Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3633B82FF80FFF0FE5EFF3AFD2BC601" author="Kramer" box="[504,722,1865,1890]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" refString="Kramer, B., Skelton, P. H., Van der Bank, F. H. & Wink, M. (2007) Allopatric differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in southern and eastern Africa: the resurrection of M. pongolensis and M. angolensis, and the description of two new species (Mormyridae, Teleostei). Journal of Natural History, 41, 647 - 708. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701250987" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Kramer
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF80FFF0FDF0FF3AFD76C602" box="[598,655,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF80FFF0FF61FF1DFF46C6AD" blockId="13.[151,1436,1469,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="468">
|
||
The biology and ecology of the species is unknown, but the characteristic anal fin notch of sexually mature males was observed from about
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF80FFF0FDAEFFE1FD97C6CA" box="[520,622,1937,1962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.67" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="96.7">96.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. The largest male was
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF80FFF0FC06FFE1FC07C6CA" box="[928,1022,1937,1962]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the largest female was
|
||
<quantity id="700AEB96FF80FFF0FA98FFE1FA65C6CA" box="[1342,1436,1937,1962]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="13" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="215.0">215 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFE815F8FF83FFF3FF61F8E7FA64C1B6" pageId="14" pageNumber="469" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B74D4673FF83FFF3FF61F8E7FA64C1B6" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF83FFF3FF61F8E7FEB7C1D3" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="469">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
A combination of the Latin words
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF83FFF3FD44F8E8FCDFC1D3" box="[738,806,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="469">cauda</emphasis>
|
||
, for tail, and
|
||
<emphasis id="85869A61FF83FFF3FC62F8E9FBE2C1D3" box="[964,1051,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="469">squama</emphasis>
|
||
for scale. This name refers to the high number of circumpeduncular scales in this species relative to the other members of the genus in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFE506E3FF83FFF3FAA3F8CCFA61C1B6" box="[1285,1432,188,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="469">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |