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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599941" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Balanophyllia Wood 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>198</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1066-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1844" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Balanophyllia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Balanophyllia" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia)" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Balanophyllia">Balanophyllia Balanophyllia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Squires, 1961" authorityName="Squires" authorityYear="1961" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) malouinensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malouinensis" subGenus="Balanophyllia">Balanophyllia Balanophyllia malouinensis Squires, 1961</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. A, B Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) diffusa A (USNM 91782, off Port St. Johns, 138 m) calicular view B (USNM 91780, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 74 m) calicular view C, D Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia Balanophyllia) sp. cf. Balanophyllia Balanophyllia malouinensis C (SAM _ H 3069, off East London, 146 - 238 m) calicular view D (SAM _ H 3068, off Mazeppa Bay, 174 m) lateral view E, F Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) stimpsonii (SAM _ H 3831, off Cape Point, 97 - 99 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Dendrophyllia arbuscula (SAMC _ A 073119, off Cape Vidal, 65 - 70 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Dendrophyllia cladonia I (SAM _ H 1445, off Plettenberg Bay, 146 m) calicular view J (SAM _ H 2833, off Gonubie, 155 m) lateral view K, L Dendrophyllia cornigera K (USNM 91827, off Durban, 232 m) calicular view L (SAM _ H 3841, off Pringle Bay, depth unknown) lateral view M, N Dendrophyllia dilatata (SAMC _ A 073016, off Richards Bay, 500 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Dendrophyllia ijimai O (USNM 91844, off Shaka's Rock, 68 - 70 m) calicular view P (SAMC _ A 090121, off Port Dunford, 85 m) lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A - I, K, M, O); 100 mm (J, L, N, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604111" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Squires" authorityYear="1961" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia malouinensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malouinensis">Balanophyllia malouinensis</taxonomicName>
Squires, 1961: 15, 39-40, 46, fig. 5. -
<bibRefCitation author="Squires, D" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Map Folio Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 18" refId="B265" refString="Squires, D, 1969. Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude: Scleractinia. Antarctic Map Folio Series 11: 15 - 18" title="Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35 ° S latitude: Scleractinia." volume="11" year="1969">Squires 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 17-18. pl. 6, map 2. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 206. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 52-53, pl. 16, figs 4-7, pl. 17, figs 1-3, pl. 18, fig. 7. -Cairns 2005: 43.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Squires" authorityYear="1961" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) malouinensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malouinensis" subGenus="Balanophyllia">Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) malouinensis</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 75" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, S, 2001. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 615: 1 - 75" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia)." volume="615" year="2001">Cairns 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
South of East Falkland Island, Atlantic archipelago (
<geoCoordinate degrees="52" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-52.533333">52°32'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-61.25">61°15'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
); 358 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype is deposited at the AMNH (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Bulura Estuary" elevation="122" latitude="-33.022938" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.288347" municipality="Cintsa Mouth" specimenCount="2">
DEFF_BD17-INV02.B (
<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:52209F85B35501B5ED69C43A4247B5CE" county="Bulura Estuary" latitude="-33.022938" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.288347" municipality="Cintsa Mouth" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Cintsa Mouth</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Bulura Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="22.58" value="-33.022938">33°01'22.58&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.05" value="28.288347">28°17'18.05&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" unit="m" value="122.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" unit="m" value="122.0">122 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Bulolo Estuary" elevation="300" latitude="-31.738298" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.545" municipality="Port St. Johns" specimenCount="3">
SAMC_A073031 (
<specimenCount type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:65B6EB9EA588B21BA8FF05088CC74D94" county="Bulolo Estuary" latitude="-31.738298" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.545" municipality="Port St. Johns" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Port St. Johns</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Bulolo Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.87" value="-31.738298">31°44'17.87&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="42.00" value="29.545">29°32'42.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Estuary" elevation="47" latitude="-26.9112" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.9183" municipality="Sifungwe" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A073085 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:0245A90EB9459F82541DE23447380825" county="Estuary" latitude="-26.9112" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.9183" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
south of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:CC31C0215F81B24C27E64CE018AA692E" county="Estuary" latitude="-26.9112" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.9183" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Ponta Do Ouro">Ponta Do Ouro</location>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
off
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:484027751648EF8BC6480ACF7C2E9D4A" county="Estuary" latitude="-26.9112" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.9183" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Kosi-Kumpungwini">Kosi-Kumpungwini</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality>Sifungwe</collectingMunicipality>
)
<collectingCounty>Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.32" value="-26.9112">26°54'40.32&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="05.88" value="32.9183">32°55'05.88&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="m" value="47.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="m" value="47.0">47 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mlalazi Estuary" elevation="152" latitude="-29.006697" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.2" municipality="Richards Bay" specimenCount="3">
SAMC_A073183 (
<specimenCount type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:CEF78861CBC279E9AF9FFD299EB3D60F" county="Mlalazi Estuary" latitude="-29.006697" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.2" municipality="Richards Bay" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Richards Bay</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Mlalazi Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.11" value="-29.006697">29°00'24.11&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="32.2">32°12'00.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" unit="m" value="152.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" unit="m" value="152.0">152 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Fafa Estuary" elevation="625" latitude="-30.566668" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.0" municipality="Scottburgh" specimenCount="2">
SAMC_A073184 (
<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:44BB7773EC68B828393785A13FD3FB92" county="Fafa Estuary" latitude="-30.566668" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.0" municipality="Scottburgh" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="km" value="39.0">39 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Scottburgh</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Fafa Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="-30.566668">30°34'00.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="31.0">31°00'00.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 900-
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" unit="m" value="625.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" unit="m" value="625.0">625 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mbokodweni Estuary" elevation="150" latitude="-30.018297" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.053299" municipality="Durban" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A073186 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:9D3A21D797A4672611A961A1B5C2B145" county="Mbokodweni Estuary" latitude="-30.018297" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.053299" municipality="Durban" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Durban</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Mbokodweni Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="05.87" value="-30.018297">30°01'05.87&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.88" value="31.053299">31°03'11.88&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gouda Estuary" elevation="192" latitude="-33.084232" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H833 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:0224222AD262653C89EC57096D560D03" county="Gouda Estuary" latitude="-33.084232" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Gouda Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.24" value="-33.084232">33°05'03.24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.40" value="27.825945">27°49'33.40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">146-
<specimenCount type="generic">238 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gouda Estuary" elevation="192" latitude="-33.084232" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H3065 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:01C023B621B1EF8708276BF6883F3819" county="Gouda Estuary" latitude="-33.084232" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Gouda Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.24" value="-33.084232">33°05'03.24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.40" value="27.825945">27°49'33.40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">146-
<specimenCount type="generic">238 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gouda Estuary" elevation="192" latitude="-33.084232" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H3066 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:285974C3AAA2F03DB9D73BA6B05B5D21" county="Gouda Estuary" latitude="-33.084232" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Gouda Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.24" value="-33.084232">33°05'03.24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.40" value="27.825945">27°49'33.40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">146-
<specimenCount type="generic">238 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gouda Estuary" elevation="192" latitude="-33.084232" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" specimenCount="15">
SAM_H3067 (
<specimenCount type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:D4DE81AB471D3F3F1FA4968B1CAAFF1F" county="Gouda Estuary" latitude="-33.084232" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Gouda Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.24" value="-33.084232">33°05'03.24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.40" value="27.825945">27°49'33.40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">146-
<specimenCount type="generic">238 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Great Kei Estuary" elevation="174" latitude="-32.566666" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.55" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" specimenCount="3">
SAM_H3068 (
<specimenCount type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:7690668FBE8EA430FE87D3C837BB6896" county="Great Kei Estuary" latitude="-32.566666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.55" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Mazeppa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Great Kei Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="-32.566666">32°34'00.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="28.55">28°33'00.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" unit="m" value="174.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" unit="m" value="174.0">174 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gouda Estuary" elevation="192" latitude="-33.084232" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H3069 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:F6AAD1DC08A3EFABEB18CAA642968B8D" county="Gouda Estuary" latitude="-33.084232" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Gouda Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.24" value="-33.084232">33°05'03.24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.40" value="27.825945">27°49'33.40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">146-
<specimenCount type="generic">238 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gqunube Estuary" elevation="155" latitude="-33.104996" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.18333" municipality="Gonubie" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H3070 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0:DE4556012F839F69053052BEB2766DB8" county="Gqunube Estuary" latitude="-33.104996" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.18333" municipality="Gonubie" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Gonubie</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Gqunube Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.99" value="-33.104996">33°06'17.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="28.18333">28°10'59.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" unit="m" value="155.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" unit="m" value="155.0">155 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum ceratoid to sub-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, attached to substrate by a robust pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.30-0.6) that expands into a thin encrusting base. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.1), with serrate calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM_H3069) 14.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
13.4 mm in CD, 4.0 mm in PD, and 24.0 mm in H. Synapticulotheca well developed and porous, visible at calicular margin. Costae poorly developed, separated by porous and thin intercostal striae, and covered with fine pointed granules. Epitheca thin, irregularly banded. Corallum white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S1-2&gt; S4&gt; S3&gt; S5 (≤ 52 septa). S1-2 most exsert, independent, and reach columella deeper in fossa with straight axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S3-4) progressively less exsert. S31/4 the width of S2, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S4 as wide as S2 and arranged in a
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
plan: in each half-system a pair of S4 fuses before S3 and extend to columella as one septum with laciniate axial margins. S5, if present, sometimes restricted to calicular margin, or arranged in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
plan before common S4. Septal faces bear granules sparsely arranged. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a thick and elongate spongy columella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off East London extending towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (7 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 47-900 m. Elsewhere: Sub-Antarctic and Antarctica (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
); Chile (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 46" refId="B58" refString="Cairns, S, Haeussermann, V, Foersterra, G, 2005. A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 1018: 15 - 46" title="A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species." volume="1018" year="2005">Cairns et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
); 75-1137 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although the examined specimens closely resemble
<taxonomicName authorityName="Squires" authorityYear="1961" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia (B.) malouinensis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malouinensis" subGenus="B.">Balanophyllia (B.) malouinensis</taxonomicName>
in their: (i) spongy columella, (ii) synapticulotheca being restricted to the calicular margin, (iii) thin epitheca, and (iv) poorly developed costae, variation in the septal development exists. The examined material consistently has exsert septa (particularly the primaries) unlike those examined by
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns (1982)</bibRefCitation>
which are not exsert. Furthermore, the examined specimens have the septal formula S1-2&gt; S4&gt; S3&gt; S5, whereas that of
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. malouinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="malouinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. malouinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is S1-2&gt; S5&gt; S3&gt; S4. Nonetheless, dendrophylliids are known to exhibit plasticity, making it difficult to evaluate intra-specific variations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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