281 lines
24 KiB
XML
281 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db2b34dd-1fc5-475f-ab91-5dbf781c1bfd" ID-PMC="PMC5769718" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-725-97" ID-PubMed="29362542" ID-ZBK="E47535C121CF417CA212F6E819080565" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-725-97" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 725" ModsDocTitle="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)" checkinTime="1514573056097" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kise, Hiroki, Fujii, Takuma, Masucci, Giovanni Diego, Biondi, Piera & Reimer, James Davis" docDate="2017" docId="F738228353A8193B09EC894A30582C28" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 725: 97-122" docOrigin="ZooKeys 725" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" docTitle="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui Kise, Fujii, Masucci, Biondi & Reimer, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="758A60AA-6D66-441A-8D54-2181F5ACF48D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="FF959179FFE5A302A453C312FF99FFA7" masterDocTitle="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1668165260119" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kise, Hiroki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fujii, Takuma</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Masucci, Giovanni Diego</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Biondi, Piera</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reimer, James Davis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>725</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>97</mods:start>
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<mods:end>122</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-725-97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E47535C121CF417CA212F6E819080565</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E47535C121CF417CA212F6E819080565</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="139458202" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:758A60AA-6D66-441A-8D54-2181F5ACF48D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F738228353A8193B09EC894A30582C28" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/758A60AA-6D66-441A-8D54-2181F5ACF48D" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="102">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 2c
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="103" start="start">Antipathozoanthus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 57" title="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" volume="444" year="2014 a">Reimer et al. 2014a</bibRefCitation>
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, 2, fig. 1d
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathozoanthus</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1 sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Reimer, J D" editor="Motokawa, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" title="Springer Japan, Tokyo" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56432-4_14" year="2017">Reimer and Fujii 2017</bibRefCitation>
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, 304, fig. 14.4c.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Holotype: NSMT-Co1603 (MISE-PALAU2), colony of approximately 70 polyps connected by poorly developed white coenenchyme on genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathes</taxonomicName>
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antipatharian (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Hexacorallia" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="subclass" subclass="Hexacorallia">Hexacorallia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Hexacorallia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="order">Antipatharia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName family="Antipathidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="family">Antipathidae</taxonomicName>
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). Preserved polyps approximately 1.5-3.0 mm in diameter, and approximately 1.5-2.0 mm in height from coenenchyme. Collected from Blue Hole, Palau (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.1415">7°8'29.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="134.22313">134°13'23.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 23 m by JDR, 15 September 2014.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Paratypes: RMNH.Coel.42321 (MISE-MAL84), collected from Wall Street, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.120611">3°07'14.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.97958">72°58'46.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 9 m by JDR, 7 May 2014; RUMF-ZG-4397 (MISE-MAL85), collected from Wall Street, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.120611">3°07'14.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.97958">72°58'46.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 9 m by JDR, 7 May 2014; RUMF-ZG-4398 (MISE-JDR209), collected from Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.433332">24°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.233334">37°14'E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 11 m by JDR, 4 October 2013; RUMF-ZG-4399 (MISE-TF102), collected from Okoga-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="31.566319">31°33'58.75"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.59222">130°35'32.01"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 20 m by TF, 26 July 2011; RUMF-ZG-4400 (MISE-TF103), collected from Okoga-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="31.566319">31°33'58.75"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.59222">130°35'32.01"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 40 m by TF, 26 July 2011.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Other materials examined: MISE-PALAU3, collected from Siaes Tunnel, Palau (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.3152223">7°18'54.8"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="134.22035">134°13'13.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 37 m by JDR, 15 September 2014; MISE-PALAU4, collected from Blue Hole, Palau (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.1415">7°8'29.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="134.22313">134°13'23.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 28 m by JDR, 12 September 2014; MISE-KINKO2, collected from Hakamagoshi, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="31.58986">31°35'23.5"N</geoCoordinate>
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, 130.35.27.8"E) at a depth of 21 m by JDR, 20 September 2015; MISE-TF173, collected from Onna, Okinawa, Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="26.439138">26°26'20.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="127.78534">127°47'7.22"N</geoCoordinate>
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) at depth of 15 m by TF, 27 June 2014; MISE-MAL46, collected from Coral Garden, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.0900834">3°05'24.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.96792">72°58'04.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 24 m by JDR, 6 May 2014; MISE-MAL82, collected from Wall Street, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.120611">3°07'14.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.97958">72°58'46.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 9 m by JDR, 7 May 2014; MISE-MAL83,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="104" start="start">collected</pageBreakToken>
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from Wall Street, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.120611">3°07'14.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.97958">72°58'46.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 9 m by JDR, 7 May 2014; MISE-MAL2502602, collected from Capital Reef, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.0488334">3°02'55.8"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.88922">72°53'21.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 19 m by Marco Oliverio, 16 May 2014; MISE-MAL145, collected from Wall Street, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.120611">3°07'14.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.97958">72°58'46.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 12 m by JDR, 10 May 2014; MISE-MAL147, collected from Wall Street, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.120611">3°07'14.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.97958">72°58'46.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 10 m by JDR, 10 May 2014; MISE-MAL261, collected from Wall Street, Maldives (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.120611">3°07'14.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="72.97958">72°58'46.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 9 m by JDR, 17 May 2014; MISE-HK70, collected from Siaes Tunnel, Palau (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.3152223">7°18'54.8"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="134.22035">134°13'13.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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) by Hiroki Kise (HK), 12 September 2014, depth not available; MISE-HK90, collected from Blue Hole, Palau (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.1415">7°8'29.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="134.22313">134°13'23.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 22 m by HK, 15 September 2014; MISE-JDR211, collected from Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.433332">24°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.233334">37°14'E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 12 m by JDR, 4 October 2013; MISE-JDR214, collected from Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.433332">24°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.233334">37°14'E</geoCoordinate>
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) at a depth of 12 m by JDR, 4 October 2013.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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External morphology: Polyps in situ are approximately 4-8 mm in diameter, and approximately 3-8 mm in height in situ when oral disks expanded (Fig. 2). Colonial zoantharian, white or off-white polyps that may be solitary or connected by a white and poorly developed coenenchyme on
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathes</taxonomicName>
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substrate.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has approximately 40-42 tentacles that are pinkish or/and translucent. Tentacles are usually as long as open oral disk diameter. Oral disk is pink or bright brown in color, and the capitulum is also pinkish or bright brown in color when polyps are closed. Polyps encrusted with visible sand particles (1-3 mm) in their coenenchyme and ectodermal tissue. Colonies attached on axis from proximal extremity to base of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathes</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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Internal morphology: Cteniform endodermal marginal muscle sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Swain, TD" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="113" url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0406-1" year="2015">Swain et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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(Fig. 4). Azooxanthellate. The large scattered lacunae in ectoderm and mesogleal are present due to their encrustations.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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Figure 4. Images of histological section of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathozoanthus</taxonomicName>
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species. a longitudinal section of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="remengesaui">A. remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. b longitudinal section of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cavernus" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="cavernus">A. cavernus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.. Abbreviations: (CEMM) cteniform endodermal marginal muscle, (OD) oral disk, (A) actinopharynx. Scale bars: a 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, b 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Cnidae: Holotrichs (large and medium), basitrichs and microbasic p-mastigophores (usually difficult to distinguish), spirocysts (Fig. 3; Table 2).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has been found on the sides and/or floors of cave entrance, and always on
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathes</taxonomicName>
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. Specimens were collected from depths of 9 to 40 m. This species is known from Palau, Kagoshima in Japan, the Maldives, and the Red Sea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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In the Pacific,
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="hickmani">A. hickmani</taxonomicName>
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by the development of the coenenchyme and in part by polyp size; the larger polyps (4-12 mm in diameter and 4-15 mm in height) of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="hickmani">A. hickmani</taxonomicName>
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are connected by a well-developed coenenchyme on
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes galapagensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galapagensis">Antipathes galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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, while the slightly smaller polyps (4-8 mm in diameter and 3-8 mm in height in situ) of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="remengesaui">A. remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. are either connected by a poorly developed coenenchyme or may even be solitary on
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathes</taxonomicName>
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. Additionally, the cnidomes of these species are different;
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="hickmani">A. hickmani</taxonomicName>
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does not have spirocysts in the column, while
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="remengesaui">A. remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has spirocysts in the column.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="105" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="105" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
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The
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. specimens found in Kagoshima, Japan have different morphological features compared to the specimens found in all other regions. Specimens collected from Kagoshima have relatively large polyps (6-8 mm in diameter, and approximately 5-8 mm in height in situ) compared to specimens from other regions. The coloration of oral disks is also different between Kagoshima and other regions;
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="remengesaui">A. remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from Kagoshima has a bright brown oral disk, while those from other regions have pink oral disks. However, sequences of these specimens collected from all regions formed a monophyletic clade for all genetic markers including ITS-rDNA. In terms of substrate organisms,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="remengesaui">A. remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. collected from all regions in this study was associated with black corals of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathes</taxonomicName>
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. Here, we have described this group as a single species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="remengesaui">A. remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., based on phylogeny and substrate specificity, although we have excluded some specimens for which we could not amplify ITS-rDNA successfully from the type series.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="105" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is named after Tommy Esang Remengesau, Jr., the current president of the Republic of Palau, who has greatly contributed to marine research and conservation in Palau.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Common name. Momoiro-mame-tsuno-sunaginchaku (new Japanese name).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |