352 lines
37 KiB
XML
352 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="BC717271E4D0BC396E725A402596E1D9" ID-DOI="10.26028/cybium/2020-441-004" ID-ISSN="2101-0315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493426" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1705000705864" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Béarez, Philippe, Gutiérrez-Torero, Mariano, Barreto-Meza, Jesús Gustavo, Salazar-Céspedes, Carlos Martín, Infante-Lopez, Elvis & Romero-Camarena, Miguel Angel" docDate="2020" docId="96033314FFF8FFFBFF1B4DD5FA68FE7E" docLanguage="en" docName="Cybium.44.1.39-40.pdf" docOrigin="Cybium 44 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2020-441-004" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EAB95795642928CB986F0923DE58F0B7.1:Cybium.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="EAB95795642928CB986F0923DE58F0B7" docStyleName="Cybium.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Robaloscion wieneri" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="6A3A4B6CFFF8FFFAFF9F4C2AFFC2FFB9" masterDocTitle="Threatened Fish: Robaloscion wieneri (Sauvage, 1883) (Sciaenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1711474169064" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="589FDB78AB129C70450768CB0DA5CE4A">Threatened Fish: Robaloscion wieneri (Sauvage, 1883) (Sciaenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C28FA8E107BD2F0881404BA5D0CC2F9C">Béarez, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6548F6B2CAC9A7755B07E96741C8D820">Gutiérrez-Torero, Mariano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AF6B3153FA60C4D7CD945E44508D398B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="89558BE4969919488F82523D818BCEC6">Barreto-Meza, Jesús Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="666B2D66187EDD7B418EA933FFA224E4">Salazar-Céspedes, Carlos Martín</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9353B42866FE008E36CE50E33A97EBF1">Infante-Lopez, Elvis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56DFF020A914C59C05BFB51859549040">Romero-Camarena, Miguel Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="59DFD85D8670BE75B4CA31811D8218B4">Cybium</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="37F24DB975B910C106E88EE4A9042311">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3A0E8808E0BCF8BE4A559553AEF0CB83">44</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="6682307E0F8F748A9670342F04F440F1">http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2020-441-004</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6A37E8280B3874DD39E3F2B28ABBA4E3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="125836CB9A053CCAEE4EA6287C42E3FE" type="DOI">10.26028/cybium/2020-441-004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="97D1292A329917835AEC1088777A5DE3" type="Zenodo-Dep">10493426</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="96033314FFF8FFFBFF1B4DD5FA68FE7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:96033314FFF8FFFBFF1B4DD5FA68FE7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/96033314FFF8FFFBFF1B4DD5FA68FE7E" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF8FFFAFF1B4DD5FEEBFDAD" box="[132,297,511,533]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF1B4DD5FEEBFDAD" blockId="0.[132,297,511,533]" box="[132,297,511,533]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="455D356EFFF8FFFAFF1B4DD5FEEBFDAD" bold="true" box="[132,297,511,533]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFF1B4DD5FEEBFDAD" authority="(Sauvage, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[132,297,511,533]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Robaloscion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wieneri">
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<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFF1B4DD5FEEBFDAD" bold="true" box="[132,297,511,533]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Common names</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF8FFFAFF354E30FEEBFDF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF354E30FEEBFDF3" blockId="0.[132,774,538,586]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Robalo (
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<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF8FFFAFE9D4E30FEF7FD96" box="[258,309,538,559]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF8FFFAFEDF4E30FEBEFD89" box="[320,380,538,560]" name="Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Chile</collectingCountry>
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), Robalo drum (English), Courbine de Wiener (French).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF8FFFAFF1B4E40FEACFD22" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF1B4E40FEC1FDC6" blockId="0.[132,259,618,640]" box="[132,259,618,640]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="455D356EFFF8FFFAFF1B4E40FEC1FDC6" bold="true" box="[132,259,618,640]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFF1B4E40FEC1FDC6" bold="true" box="[132,259,618,640]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">IUCN status</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF354EAFFEACFD22" blockId="0.[170,366,644,667]" box="[170,366,644,667]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Data deficient (DD).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF8FFFAFF1B4E90FE7DFC1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF1B4E90FECFFD69" blockId="0.[132,269,698,720]" box="[132,269,698,720]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="455D356EFFF8FFFAFF1B4E90FECFFD69" bold="true" box="[132,269,698,720]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFF1B4E90FECFFD69" bold="true" box="[132,269,698,720]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Identification</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF354EFFFE7DFC1C" blockId="0.[132,775,724,933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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D X-I/21-23; A II/10; P 19; V I/5; C 19; lateral line complete with 77 scales; mouth terminal (
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<figureCitation id="86919E87FFF8FFFAFE234EC5FE31FCBC" box="[444,499,751,773]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="0.[813,869,851,870]" captionTargetBox="[813,1455,509,834]" captionTargetId="figure-589@0.[813,1455,509,834]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Figure 1. – Small individual (40.9 cm TL) of Robaloscion wieneri from San Vicente de Cañete (Lima Region, Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493428/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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); gas bladder carrot-shaped, with a pair of horn-like appendages anteriorly; otolith exceptionally elongate with globose umbo on the outer face (
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<figureCitation id="86919E87FFF8FFFAFD194F0EFD00FC82" box="[646,706,804,827]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="0.[815,872,1461,1480]" captionTargetBox="[852,1415,928,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-595@0.[852,1415,928,1445]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Figure 2. – Left otolith of a specimen of Robaloscion wieneri (71 cm TL). A: Inner view; B: Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493430/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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); body bluish grey to brown with wavy darker stripes on sides; adult length to
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<quantity id="D9522FE7FFF8FFFAFF014F70FF25FCD6" box="[158,231,858,879]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="140.0">140 cm</quantity>
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and maximum weight
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<quantity id="D9522FE7FFF8FFFAFE554F70FDC0FCC9" box="[458,514,858,880]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" unit="kg" value="35.0">35 kg</quantity>
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||
(Landa, 1952;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFD064F70FE87FC32" author="BEAREZ P. & SCHWARZHANS W." pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="273 - 279" refId="ref1320" refString="BEAREZ P. & SCHWARZHANS W., 2013. - Robaloscion, a new genus for Sciaena wieneri Sauvage, 1883 (Teleostei, Sciaenidae) from the southeastern Pacific, with clarification of the tax- onomic status of Sciaena starksi Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917. Cybium, 37 (4): 273 - 279. DOI: 10.26028 / cybium / 2013 - 374 - 006" type="journal article" year="2013">Béarez and Schwarzhans, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Drawing from
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<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFE7B4F5EFDA8FC33" author="STARKS E. C." box="[484,618,884,906]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="761 - 800" refId="ref1638" refString="STARKS E. C., 1906. - On a collection of fishes made by P. O. Simons in Ecuador and Peru. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 30 (1468): 761 - 800. DOI: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.30 - 1468.761" type="journal article" year="1906">Starks (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, photography in
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<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFF1B4FA5FE79FC1C" author="BEAREZ P. & SCHWARZHANS W." box="[132,443,911,933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="273 - 279" refId="ref1320" refString="BEAREZ P. & SCHWARZHANS W., 2013. - Robaloscion, a new genus for Sciaena wieneri Sauvage, 1883 (Teleostei, Sciaenidae) from the southeastern Pacific, with clarification of the tax- onomic status of Sciaena starksi Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917. Cybium, 37 (4): 273 - 279. DOI: 10.26028 / cybium / 2013 - 374 - 006" type="journal article" year="2013">Béarez and Schwarzhans (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="4AD5D28AFFF8FFFAFCB24F79FB43FCC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493428/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" startId="0.[813,869,851,870]" targetBox="[813,1455,509,834]" targetPageId="0" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFCB24F79FB43FCC7" blockId="0.[813,1455,851,895]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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||
Figure 1. – Small individual (40.9 cm TL) of
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<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFB334F79FA9EFCDF" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1196,1372,851,870]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Robaloscion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wieneri">
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<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFB334F79FA9EFCDF" box="[1196,1372,851,870]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Robaloscion wieneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from San Vicente de Cañete (Lima Region, Peru).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF8FFFAFF1B4FEEFEECF9B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF1B4FEEFE8DFC63" blockId="0.[132,335,964,986]" box="[132,335,964,986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="455D356EFFF8FFFAFF1B4FEEFE8DFC63" bold="true" box="[132,335,964,986]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFF1B4FEEFE8DFC63" bold="true" box="[132,335,964,986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Biology and ecology</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF354FF5FD1AFB16" blockId="0.[132,775,991,1547]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Occurs along sandy and pebble beaches (PB, pers. obs.) as well as in superficial waters around coastal islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFDD84FD0FCC1FBB6" author="FIEDLER R. H. & JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J." box="[583,771,1018,1040]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="ref1414" refString="FIEDLER R. H., JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J., 1943. - La Pesca y las Industrias pesqueras en el Peru con Recomendaciones para su Futuro desarrollo. 371 p. Lima: Compania Administradora del Guano." type="book" year="1943">
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||
Fiedler
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||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFD0B4FD0FD7CFBB6" box="[660,702,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1943
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Landa, 1952). At flood times, the
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<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFE58483EFDD2FB90" box="[455,528,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">robalos</emphasis>
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congregate at the mouths of rivers (
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<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFF7A4805FE4DFBFD" author="FIEDLER R. H." box="[229,399,1071,1093]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="96 - 119" refId="ref1390" refString="FIEDLER R. H., 1944. - The Peruvian fisheries. Geogr. Rev., 34: 96 - 119." type="journal article" year="1944">Fiedler, 1944: 97</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFE064805FDBCFBFC" author="SCHWEIGGER E." box="[409,638,1071,1093]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="ref1615" refString="SCHWEIGGER E., 1964. - El Litoral peruano. 414 p. Universidad Nacional " Federico Villarreal ", Lima." type="book" year="1964">Schweigger, 1964: 261</bibRefCitation>
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||
). This species feeds primarily upon fish (Peruvian anchoveta,
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<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFDCE4860FCC2FBE6" authorityName="Jenyns" authorityYear="1842" box="[593,768,1098,1119]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Engraulis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ringens">
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||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFDCE4860FCC2FBE6" box="[593,768,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Engraulis ringens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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; Pacific menhaden,
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<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFED9484EFDE8FBC0" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[326,554,1124,1145]" family="Clupeidae" genus="Ethmidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatum">
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||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFED9484EFDE8FBC0" box="[326,554,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Ethmidium maculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), but its diet includes also crustaceans (freshwater shrimp,
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<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFE7B4855FD0DFB2C" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[484,719,1151,1173]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Cryphiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caementarius">
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<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFE7B4855FD0DFB2C" box="[484,719,1151,1173]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Cryphiops caementarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; sand crab,
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<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFF2648B0FE99FB16" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[185,347,1178,1199]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippidae" genus="Emerita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analoga">
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<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFF2648B0FE99FB16" box="[185,347,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Emerita analoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; burrowing shrimp,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFD8148B0FD08FB16" baseAuthorityName="Retamal" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[542,714,1178,1199]" class="Malacostraca" family="Callichiridae" genus="Callichirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFD8148B0FD08FB16" box="[542,714,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Callichirus garthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF35489EFD5AFA19" blockId="0.[132,775,991,1547]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Little is known about robalo’s reproduction, except that adults probably used to aggregate in estuaries to spawn (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFDEA48E5FD3EFB5C" author="FIEDLER R. H." box="[629,764,1231,1253]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="96 - 119" refId="ref1390" refString="FIEDLER R. H., 1944. - The Peruvian fisheries. Geogr. Rev., 34: 96 - 119." type="journal article" year="1944">Fiedler, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), when river discharge is important (i.e. November to January). The Peruvian fishermen used to find the robalo listening to the noise like a drum that this species makes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFE224935FDB9FA8C" author="FIEDLER R. H. & JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J." box="[445,635,1311,1333]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="ref1414" refString="FIEDLER R. H., JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J., 1943. - La Pesca y las Industrias pesqueras en el Peru con Recomendaciones para su Futuro desarrollo. 371 p. Lima: Compania Administradora del Guano." type="book" year="1943">
|
||
Fiedler
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFD96490AFDF9FA8D" box="[521,571,1311,1333]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1943
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A large male (
|
||
<quantity id="D9522FE7FFF8FFFAFF144910FF17FAF6" box="[139,213,1338,1359]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="137.0">137 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL) caught on
|
||
<date id="6A14A4C2FFF8FFFAFEF44910FE36FAF6" box="[363,500,1338,1360]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" value="2000-03-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A505D2AFFF8FFFAFEF44910FE36FAF6" box="[363,500,1338,1360]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" value="2000-03-06">6 March 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at the mouth of the
|
||
<location id="1B75D4D9FFF8FFFAFD284910FF7FFAD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:96033314FFF8FFFBFF1B4DD5FA68FE7E:1B75D4D9FFF8FFFAFD284910FF7FFAD3" country="Peru" latitude="-16.628334" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="-72.76833" name="Camana River" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Camaná River</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF8FFFAFF57497FFF34FAD3" box="[200,246,1365,1386]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B9EE4C5FFF8FFFAFE9C497EFEA5FAD3" box="[259,359,1364,1386]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="37.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" precision="92" value="-16.628334">16°37.7S-</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B9EE4C5FFF8FFFAFEF8497EFE13FAD3" box="[359,465,1364,1386]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="46.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" precision="92" value="-72.76833">72°46.1W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) was mature and fluent. As for other sciaenids, spawning is probably paired with production of pelagic eggs. The size at sexual maturation is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFF35498EFEECF9B2" blockId="0.[132,775,991,1547]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Depth range is neither well known, but fishermen consider that the species lives in inshore waters from December to May, and in deeper waters (
|
||
<quantity id="D9522FE7FFF8FFFAFE8649F0FEAEFA56" box="[281,364,1498,1520]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25-30 m</quantity>
|
||
depth) during the rest of the year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF8FFFAFD5E49F0FEE1F9B2" author="FIEDLER R. H. & JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J." pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="ref1414" refString="FIEDLER R. H., JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J., 1943. - La Pesca y las Industrias pesqueras en el Peru con Recomendaciones para su Futuro desarrollo. 371 p. Lima: Compania Administradora del Guano." type="book" year="1943">
|
||
Fiedler
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFF1B49DFFF6CF9B0" box="[132,174,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1943: 283
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4AD5D28AFFF8FFFAFCB0499FFBF7FA59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493430/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" startId="0.[815,872,1461,1480]" targetBox="[852,1415,928,1445]" targetPageId="0" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF8FFFAFCB0499FFBF7FA59" blockId="0.[815,1458,1461,1505]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Figure 2. – Left otolith of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF8FFFAFB0F499FFA81FA71" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1168,1347,1461,1480]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Robaloscion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wieneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFB0F499FFA81FA71" box="[1168,1347,1461,1480]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Robaloscion wieneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(71 cm TL).
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFCB049E7FCFCFA59" bold="true" box="[815,830,1485,1504]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Inner view;
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF8FFFAFC3049E4FC7FFA58" bold="true" box="[943,957,1486,1505]" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF9FFFBFF1B4CF3FDF1FEE3" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF1B4CF3FEC3FF56" blockId="1.[132,775,217,346]" box="[132,257,217,239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFF1B4CF3FEC3FF56" bold="true" box="[132,257,217,239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF354CDEFDF1FEE3" blockId="1.[132,775,217,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Temperate South-Eastern Pacific, from Puerto Eten (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B9EE4C5FFF9FFFBFD304CDEFCC1FEB3" box="[687,771,244,266]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-6.9333334">06°56’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF9FFFBFF444D25FECBFE9D" box="[219,265,271,292]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to Arica (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B9EE4C5FFF9FFFBFEF14D25FE7DFE9D" box="[366,447,271,292]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-18.466667">18°28’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF9FFFBFD804D25FD95FE9C" box="[543,599,271,293]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="1B75D4D9FFF9FFFBFDF84D25FD4EFE9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:96033314FFF8FFFBFF1B4DD5FA68FE7E:1B75D4D9FFF9FFFBFDF84D25FD4EFE9C" box="[615,652,271,293]" country="Peru" latitude="-18.466667" municipality="Humboldt Current Ecosystem" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">The</location>
|
||
robalo drum is an endemic species of the northern part of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE711878FFF9FFFBFDC94D03FF2EFEE0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Humboldt Current Ecosystem</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF9FFFBFF674D6EFDEAFEE3" author="BEAREZ P. & SCHWARZHANS W." box="[248,552,324,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" pagination="273 - 279" refId="ref1320" refString="BEAREZ P. & SCHWARZHANS W., 2013. - Robaloscion, a new genus for Sciaena wieneri Sauvage, 1883 (Teleostei, Sciaenidae) from the southeastern Pacific, with clarification of the tax- onomic status of Sciaena starksi Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917. Cybium, 37 (4): 273 - 279. DOI: 10.26028 / cybium / 2013 - 374 - 006" type="journal article" year="2013">Béarez and Schwarzhans, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF9FFFBFF1B4D53FEE1FD22" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF1B4D53FF3BFE37" blockId="1.[132,249,377,398]" box="[132,249,377,398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<heading id="455D356EFFF9FFFBFF1B4D53FF3BFE37" bold="true" box="[132,249,377,398]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFF1B4D53FF3BFE37" bold="true" box="[132,249,377,398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Abundance</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF354DBFFEE1FD22" blockId="1.[132,775,404,667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
No modern abundance record. Once a common and prized species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF9FFFBFF284D85FEFAFE7C" author="FIEDLER R. H." box="[183,312,431,453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" pagination="96 - 119" refId="ref1390" refString="FIEDLER R. H., 1944. - The Peruvian fisheries. Geogr. Rev., 34: 96 - 119." type="journal article" year="1944">Fiedler, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the robalo drum is now uncommon wherever it occurs, and is no more recorded in IMARPE (Instituto del Mar del
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF9FFFBFF1B4DCEFF70FE43" box="[132,178,484,506]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
) fisheries national statistics. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF9FFFBFDD74DCEFCC5FE43" author="FIEDLER R. H. & JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J." box="[584,775,484,506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refId="ref1414" refString="FIEDLER R. H., JARVIS N. D. & LOBELL M. J., 1943. - La Pesca y las Industrias pesqueras en el Peru con Recomendaciones para su Futuro desarrollo. 371 p. Lima: Compania Administradora del Guano." type="book" year="1943">
|
||
Fiedler
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFD0D4DCFFD7EFE40" box="[658,700,484,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1943)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate that landing of robalo during 1940 was
|
||
<quantity id="D9522FE7FFF9FFFBFDD24DD5FD6EFDAC" box="[589,684,511,533]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.5995" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="kg" value="25995.0">25,995 kg</quantity>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC6E4CE0FFF9FFFBFD574DD5FCC5FDAC" box="[712,775,511,533]" country="Peru" name="Callao" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Callao</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC6E4CE0FFF9FFFBFF134E30FF01FD89" box="[140,195,538,560]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="D9522FE7FFF9FFFBFF4B4E30FEF7FD89" box="[212,309,538,560]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.7397" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="kg" value="37397.0">37,397 kg</quantity>
|
||
at Chimbote (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF9FFFBFE5F4E30FE32FD89" box="[448,496,538,560]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and up to
|
||
<quantity id="D9522FE7FFF9FFFBFDC24E30FD7CFD89" box="[605,702,538,560]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.5135" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="kg" value="65135.0">65,135 kg</quantity>
|
||
at Pacasmayo. IMARPE statistics do not report any landing of robalo at these harbours since 1988 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF9FFFBFE134E65FDFCFDDC" author="FLORES M. & VERA S. & MARCELO R. & CHRINOS E." box="[396,574,591,613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref1461" refString="FLORES M., VERA S., MARCELO R. & CHRINOS E., 1994. - Estadisticas de los desembarques de la pesqueria marina peruana 1983 - 1992. Inf. Inst. Mar Peru, 105: 1 - 202." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF9FFFBFE134E65FE0AFDDC" box="[396,456,591,613]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFE514E7AFE3DFDDD" box="[462,511,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and today robalo is no more considered a commercial species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF9FFFBFDB64E40FEDAFD22" author="GUEVARA-CARRASCO R. & BERTRAND A." pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refId="ref1506" refString="GUEVARA-CARRASCO R. & BERTRAND A. (eds), 2017. - Atlas de la Pesca artesanal del mar del Peru. 183 p. Lima: IMARPE-IRD." type="book" year="2017">Guevara-Carrasco and Bertrand, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56B0D189FFF9FFFBFF1B4E90FA68FE7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF1B4E90FECAFD76" blockId="1.[132,264,698,720]" box="[132,264,698,720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<heading id="455D356EFFF9FFFBFF1B4E90FECAFD76" bold="true" box="[132,264,698,720]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFF1B4E90FECAFD76" bold="true" box="[132,264,698,720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Main threats</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF354EFFFF61FC62" blockId="1.[132,776,725,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
These include: (1) intense and selective fishing for drums: Robalo, as well as corvina,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF9FFFBFE154EC5FD5CFCBF" authority="(Abbott, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Abbott" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[394,670,751,774]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Cilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFE154EC5FDCBFCBD" box="[394,521,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Cilus gilberti</emphasis>
|
||
(Abbott, 1899)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and lorna,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF9FFFBFF1B4F20FE22FC99" authority="(Tschudi, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[132,480,778,800]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Callaus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deliciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFF1B4F20FEF7FCA6" box="[132,309,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Callaus deliciosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Tschudi, 1846)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are among the most popular commercial fish in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66BDC292FFF9FFFBFEDD4F0FFEADFC83" box="[322,367,805,826]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF9FFFBFEE34F0FFDA7FC82" author="SCHWEIGGER E." box="[380,613,805,827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refId="ref1615" refString="SCHWEIGGER E., 1964. - El Litoral peruano. 414 p. Universidad Nacional " Federico Villarreal ", Lima." type="book" year="1964">Schweigger, 1964: 259</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); (2) decrease in the flow of coastal rivers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A3BFFF3FFF9FFFBFE0F4F6AFDEAFCEF" author="ONERN" box="[400,552,832,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refId="ref1569" refString="ONERN, 1972. - Inventario, evaluacion y uso racional de los recursos naturales de la costa: cuencas de los rios Santa, Lacramarca y Nepena. Vol. 1, 491 p. Lima: Oficina Nacional de Evaluacion de Recursos Naturales." type="book" year="1972">ONERN, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), limiting feeding and reproduction; (3) capture by destructive and non selective fishing, especially beach seining; (4) capture as by-catch in the Peruvian anchovy purse seine fishery; (5) no management at local or national level; (6) continued trade because its high value increases with rarity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF1B4FD0FEF2FBA9" blockId="1.[132,304,1018,1040]" box="[132,304,1018,1040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<heading id="455D356EFFF9FFFBFF1B4FD0FEF2FBA9" bold="true" box="[132,304,1018,1040]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFF1B4FD0FEF2FBA9" bold="true" box="[132,304,1018,1040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Protection status</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF35483CFF1CFB92" blockId="1.[170,222,1046,1067]" box="[170,222,1046,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">None</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF1B4861FE3FFBD8" blockId="1.[132,509,1099,1121]" box="[132,509,1099,1121]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<heading id="455D356EFFF9FFFBFF1B4861FE3FFBD8" bold="true" box="[132,509,1099,1121]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFF1B4861FE3FFBD8" bold="true" box="[132,509,1099,1121]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Conservation measures implemented</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF35484CFF1CFBC2" blockId="1.[170,222,1126,1147]" box="[170,222,1126,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">None</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF1B48B1FE0BFB08" blockId="1.[132,457,1179,1201]" box="[132,457,1179,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<heading id="455D356EFFF9FFFBFF1B48B1FE0BFB08" bold="true" box="[132,457,1179,1201]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFF1B48B1FE0BFB08" bold="true" box="[132,457,1179,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Conservation recommendations</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFF35489CFC22FE28" blockId="1.[132,775,1206,1415]" lastBlockId="1.[813,1456,217,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
(1) Implement a moratorium on fishing to limit population decline. (2) Fund research on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF9FFFBFE2E48FBFDDAFB5F" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[433,536,1233,1254]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Robaloscion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wieneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFE2E48FBFDDAFB5F" box="[433,536,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">R. wieneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ecology and behaviour, and especially reproductive season and behaviour. (3) Create marine reserves that incorporate key habitat, such as spawning areas. (4) Educate fishermen, resource managers, consumers and the general public on the importance of recognizing and conserving this species, which closely resembles to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF9FFFBFD97497CFD4AFAD2" baseAuthorityName="Abbott" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[520,648,1366,1387]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Cilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFD97497CFD4AFAD2" box="[520,648,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Cilus gilberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (5) Develop culture program based on technology already applied to other sciaenids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF9FFFBFC144CF3FC1BFF57" authorityName="Villamar" authorityYear="1980" box="[907,985,217,238]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Totoaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFC144CF3FC1BFF57" box="[907,985,217,238]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Totoaba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF9FFFBFC664CF3FB05FF56" box="[1017,1223,217,239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFC664CF3FBBAFF57" box="[1017,1144,217,238]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Argyrosomus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). (6) Restore river flows in estuaries at spawning season. Remarks: The large size attained by this species suggests that it may be long-lived, and with a low replacement rate, which makes it particularly vulnerable to fishing pressure. There is little chance that culturing will remove pressure on wild-caught individuals in the near future because sciaenids are difficult to culture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E158202FFF9FFFBFCCD4DBCFA68FE7E" blockId="1.[813,1456,217,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
According to its current rarity, it is clear that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AAF981FFF9FFFBFB634DBDFA9CFE15" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1276,1374,407,428]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Robaloscion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wieneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDE5E10FFF9FFFBFB634DBDFA9CFE15" box="[1276,1374,407,428]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">R. wieneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is really threatened and that its IUCN species status should be re-evaluated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |