303 lines
35 KiB
XML
303 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="F53158F1CFA93F0F16857458176007EA" ID-CLB-Dataset="50804" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171561" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4effaf87-d211-4ddb-95e1-e741d8c49050" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171561" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459754965140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grootaert, Patrick, Yang, Ding & Wang, Mengqing" docDate="2006" docId="82206467B74EB82AB53C1D0AF0ABFB87" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01114p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1114" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Syntormon singaporensis Grootaert, Yang & Wang, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="7E191C1FB74CB82FB4341C16F178FFD1" masterDocTitle="First record of Syntormon from Singapore with the description of a new species (Insecta, Diptera, Dolichopodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698217349937" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="55FB9F1793A7FF5C400F81DDF1859004" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F3DB01D1F8B3FE3832EB0C73857398C2">
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<mods:title id="DD0271644E35D0CD9492B0B59438456A">First record of Syntormon from Singapore with the description of a new species (Insecta, Diptera, Dolichopodidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="34076E93E88D990291FB7BC7D213094E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2CBB957F787A566060D86AC1133A09F2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0CAD6297FCEEC770089C985A2B26FD21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D2C49AEDD35B422BB22F853216FF71CE">Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7A7CD9853D825C59E28C4374D2D8C8A7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0EC0CA75A4BC2B50568E5A7E0BCDA5F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6BD96852B7A4DAEDB152FDE274AEDDF3">Yang, Ding</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4817B67E44F4ACCE29C94966D92B1027" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E475AD9F0A1E365BD77B7D170FD149B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25B22EE26F3EEBE3F7D7204411A4DB6E">Wang, Mengqing</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="75632FD5CF9BFA7811BDA5AE0A6EC946">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4FB462CF943EDEBEE03B7C0675B87E31">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="67D26D53D0E992F4246EE55B96F03E09">
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<mods:date id="9E8670DDD3CDF16DD7F9FE260AC5C0DE">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="94E7A4176FD50AD6603439BD8E6B6364" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9AD317C1D0C2A5F668D7E2AC6EFCE893">1114</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7E29326B2624C5A70818E0486189C04F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5C611D055047A429C1C9D4BE32D0EBB5" type="CLB-Dataset">50804</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ABEFEA34C8FC980B7D3129C9B2322941" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171561</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="82206467B74EB82AB53C1D0AF0ABFB87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6256602" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119338758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6256602" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82206467B74EB82AB53C1D0AF0ABFB87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82206467B74EB82AB53C1D0AF0ABFB87" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="429386FAB74EB82DB53C1D0AF0F0FE88" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0A36D571B74EB82DB53C1D0AF3D8FEE4" blockId="2.[264,672,283,345]" box="[264,672,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="517E621DB74EB82DB53C1D0AF3D8FEE4" bold="true" box="[264,672,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="38FD0963B74EB82DB53C1D0AF3D8FEE4" bold="true" box="[264,672,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B74EB82DB53C1D0AF343FEE7" ID-CoL="53ZKD" box="[264,571,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="38FD0963B74EB82DB53C1D0AF343FEE7" bold="true" box="[264,571,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Syntormon singaporensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="23CEB418B74EB82DB6761D0DF3D8FEE4" box="[578,672,283,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A36D571B74EB82DB53C1D29F0F0FE88" blockId="2.[264,672,283,345]" box="[264,392,319,345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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(
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<figureCitation id="92B2C9F4B74EB82DB5251D29F007FE88" box="[273,383,319,345]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId-0="2.[264,382,1471,1495]" captionStartId-1="3.[264,382,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox-0="[281,1301,887,1470]" captionTargetBox-1="[304,1282,937,1648]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[281,1306,844,1480]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[281,1306,929,1672]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 3. Syntormon singaporensis sp. nov. 1. Male antenna, exterior view; 2. male, base of antenna, interior view; 3. female antenna." captionText-1="FIGURES 4 – 5. Syntormon singaporensis sp. nov. male paratype. 4. Hypopygium ventral view; 5. hypopygium lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171562/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171563/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="429386FAB74EB82DB53C1D99F3EDFD38" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0A36D571B74EB82DB53C1D99F283FE00" blockId="2.[264,1325,399,745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="38FD0963B74EB82DB53C1D99F09EFE79" box="[264,486,399,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="D5326BD3B74EB82DB5C21D99F31BFE78" box="[502,611,399,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male:
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<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B74EB82DB6801D99F224FE78" box="[692,860,399,425]" name="Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
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, Sime forest,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB7CA1D99F5E0FE78" box="[1022,1176,399,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-04-08">8 April 2005</date>
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, stream near tree top walk, alt.
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<quantity id="CD717894B74EB82DB5E81DA1F368FE00" box="[476,528,439,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="50.0">50m</quantity>
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(25053, leg. P. Grootaert, Si
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<quantity id="CD717894B74EB82DB76B1DA1F2D2FE00" box="[863,938,439,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7805399999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="701.0">701 in</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="6C984DB4B74EB82DB7851DA1F297FE00" box="[945,1007,439,465]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">ZRC</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A36D571B74EB82DB50C1DC9F3EDFD38" blockId="2.[264,1325,399,745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="D5326BD3B74EB82DB50C1DC9F0D6FE28" box="[312,430,479,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB58E1DC9F35EFE28" box="[442,550,479,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB6001DC9F3DDFE28" box="[564,677,479,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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with same provenance as
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<typeStatus id="D5326BD3B74EB82DB7EB1DC9F53DFE28" box="[991,1093,479,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB06D1DC9F5DFFE28" box="[1113,1191,479,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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in
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<collectionCode id="6C984DB4B74EB82DB0FB1DC9F468FE28" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" box="[1231,1296,479,505]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">CAU</collectionCode>
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,
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB1291DC9F039FDF0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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<collectionCode id="6C984DB4B74EB82DB5671E11F0D5FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" box="[339,429,519,545]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">RBINS</collectionCode>
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,
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB5F01E11F351FDF0" box="[452,553,519,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
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from the same provenance have been extracted for
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<collectionCode id="6C984DB4B74EB82DB0DF1E11F453FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[1259,1323,519,545]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">DNA</collectionCode>
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sequencing);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB59F1E39F376FD98" box="[427,526,559,585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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, Sime forest,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB6F41E39F2F9FD98" box="[704,897,559,585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-03-14">14 March 2005</date>
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, Mal. 2 (25013, leg. P. Grootaert, Si423);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB55C1E41F0B0FDA0" box="[360,456,599,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB5E21E41F311FDA0" box="[470,617,599,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-05-06">6 May 2005</date>
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(25128, Si1066);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB7711E41F2E1FDA0" box="[837,921,599,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB7931E41F542FDA0" box="[935,1082,599,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-06-03">3 June 2005</date>
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(25135, Si1073);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB12A1E41F03CFD48" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB5641E69F091FD48" box="[336,489,639,665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-07-22">22 July 2005</date>
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(25271, Si1075);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB68B1E69F269FD48" box="[703,785,639,665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB72A1E69F2A2FD48" box="[798,986,639,665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-08-12">12 August 2005</date>
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(25294, Si1057);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB0851E69F47BFD48" box="[1201,1283,639,665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB13B1E69F0D9FD10" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-08-19">19 August 2005</date>
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(25300, Si1058);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB6481EB1F3A8FD10" box="[636,720,679,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB6EA1EB1F2BFFD10" box="[734,967,679,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-09-16">16 September 2005</date>
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(25353, Si1068);
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<specimenCount id="1C8F1EF8B74EB82DB0961EB1F479FD10" box="[1186,1281,679,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="7E37F3B1B74EB82DB13B1EB1F0B0FD38" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2005-09-23">23 September 2005</date>
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(25364, Si1071).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="5EF685F9B74EB82DB53C19A9F3BBFA28" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171562/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[281,1301,887,1470]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="0A36D571B74EB82DB53C19A9F3BBFA28" blockId="2.[264,1322,1471,1529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B74EB82DB53C19A9F0D5FA06" bold="true" box="[264,429,1471,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">FIGURES 1–3</emphasis>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B74EB82DB58F19A9F3B1FA07" box="[443,713,1471,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="38FD0963B74EB82DB58F19A9F3B1FA07" box="[443,713,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Syntormon singaporensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="23CEB418B74EB82DB6E419A9F25CFA07" box="[720,804,1471,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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1. Male antenna, exterior view; 2. male, base of antenna, interior view; 3. female antenna.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="429386FAB74EB82CB50C1A43F0B0FEE7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B74EB82DB50C1A43F45DF8E7" blockId="2.[264,1324,1620,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B74EB82DB50C1A43F0CEF9BF" box="[312,438,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Third antennal segment 2.8 times longer than wide in male; arista a little longer than third segment. Basal antennal segment black; third segment brown. 6 strong dc, uniseriate acr (about 20). Legs yellow, but mid and hind coxae black (except narrow yellow apex).
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<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B74EB82DB59A1ADAF091F937" box="[430,489,1740,1766]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
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tarsomeres 1 and 2 simple; hind tarsus with apical 4 tarsomeres brown. Abdomen metallic green, but with second and third tergites largely yellow (base with metallic green stripe); following tergites sometimes with a small yellow patch at each side.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="0A36D571B74FB82CB50C1D0AF0B0FEE7" blockId="3.[264,1321,284,870]" box="[312,456,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="429386FAB74FB82BB50C1D55F233F95A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B74FB82CB50C1D55F2EFFE8F" blockId="3.[264,1321,284,870]" box="[312,919,323,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B74FB82CB50C1D55F006FE8C" bold="true" box="[312,382,323,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Male.</emphasis>
|
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Body length
|
||
<quantity id="CD717894B74FB82CB6291D52F3F0FE8F" box="[541,648,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.64" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="3.64">3.64 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length
|
||
<quantity id="CD717894B74FB82CB7121D52F2EBFE8F" box="[806,915,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="3.78">3.78 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B74FB82CB53C1D7AF5FCFD4F" blockId="3.[264,1321,284,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Head metallic green. Hairs and bristles on head black, but lower postocular bristles (including ventral hairs) pale. Face very narrow, almost touching near middle. Ocellar tubercle with 2 strong ocellars and 2 posterior hairs. Antenna with basal segments black. First antennal segment (scape) with a strong interior toothlike projection (
|
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<figureCitation id="92B2C9F4B74FB82CB05D1DF2F5AAFE2F" box="[1129,1234,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[281,1301,887,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[281,1306,844,1480]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Syntormon singaporensis sp. nov. 1. Male antenna, exterior view; 2. male, base of antenna, interior view; 3. female antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171562/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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||
). Third antennal segment (first flagellomere) brown, ventrally a little paler; 2.8 times longer than wide, ventrally with an angular bent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="92B2C9F4B74FB82CB68F1E22F387FD9F" box="[699,767,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[281,1301,887,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[281,1306,844,1480]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Syntormon singaporensis sp. nov. 1. Male antenna, exterior view; 2. male, base of antenna, interior view; 3. female antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171562/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); arista black, a little longer than third antennal segment, or nearly as long as three antennal segments together, shortly pubescent. Proboscis dark brown with black hairs; palpus brown with short black hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B74FB82CB50C1EBAF34DFCB7" blockId="3.[264,1321,284,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Thorax metallic green. Hairs and bristles on thorax black; 6 strong dc, about 20 uniseriate acr. 1 long and 1 short humeral hairs, 1 long ph, 1 short ih, 1 short su, 1 long anterior and 1 slightly short posterior npl, 1 slightly short anterior and 1 long posterior sa, 1 long psa; scutellum with 1 pair of long marginals. Propleuron with several pale hairs on upper and lower portions.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5EF685F9B74FB82CB53C1AB4F360F90D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171563/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[304,1282,937,1648]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B74FB82CB53C1AB4F360F90D" blockId="3.[264,1323,1698,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B74FB82CB53C1AB4F0D4F96B" bold="true" box="[264,428,1698,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">FIGURES 4–5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B74FB82CB58F1AB5F3B2F96B" box="[443,714,1699,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B74FB82CB58F1AB5F3B2F96B" box="[443,714,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Syntormon singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="23CEB418B74FB82CB6E51AB5F25DF96B" box="[721,805,1699,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
male paratype. 4. Hypopygium ventral view; 5. hypopygium lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B74FB82BB50C1B24F23EFD3F" blockId="3.[312,1320,1842,1868]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Legs yellow; fore coxa yellow including extreme base, mid and hind coxae (except narrow apex) blackishbrown; hind tarsus with apical 4 segments brown due to the dense setting of black hairs, groundcolour yellowish. Hairs and bristles on legs black; fore coxa on basal half with pale, fine hairs anteriorly and on apical half the hairs are black; tip with 5 long black bristles; mid coxa with short pale hairs at base, further black haired; hind coxa with 1 strong exterior bristle at basal 2/5 and a short black hair beneath. Fore femur narrow without conspicuous bristles. Mid femur with a preapical 1 av and pv.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B748B82BB0561DF2F5E5FE2F" box="[1122,1181,484,510]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
femur with only a preapical av, posteroventrally at most a weak hair. Fore tibia with 2 dorsal bristles and a serration in apical half. Mid tibia with 3 ad and 1 pd, apically with 4 bristles; hind tibia with 3 weak ventrals, 2 ad, 3–4 pd. Fore tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2– 5; hind tarsomere 1 shorter than tarsomere 2. Relative lengths of femur, tibia and 5 tarsomeres: LI: 0.98: 0.94: 0.7: 0.3: 0.24: 0.14: 0.11; LII: 1.33: 1.40: 0.7: 0.38: 0.21: 0.17: 0.14; LIII: 1.54: 1.6: 0.24: 0.52: 0.36: 0.24: 0.11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B748B82BB50C1EEAF2E4FCBA" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Wing brownish tinged; veins dark brown. R4+5 and M weakly convergent apically; Wing boss at about basal third of apical section of M. Tp nearly as long as apical section of Cu. Squama yellow with 6 long pale hairs. Halter white.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B748B82BB50C1F6FF2EFFB52" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Abdomen mainly metallic green, but with a yellow pattern. First tergite divided into two transverse sections. The basal section, consisting of two narrow triangular plates; posterior band a single plate, metallic green, bearing the usual long marginal bristles. Tergite 2 almost completely yellow except for a very narrow, dark basal stripe. Tergite 3 also almost completely yellow, but with a broader dark basal border. Tergites 4 and 5 almost completely metallic green, but with a small yellow triangular spot at both sides. Sternites yellow except for the metallic green sternite 5.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B748B82BB50C1887F32AFAF2" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Hairs and bristles on abdomen black, segment 1 with a few long pale hairs at sides. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="92B2C9F4B748B82BB5F618AFF34CFB02" box="[450,564,1209,1235]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[304,1282,937,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[281,1306,929,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 5. Syntormon singaporensis sp. nov. male paratype. 4. Hypopygium ventral view; 5. hypopygium lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surstylus with 2 strong dorsal bristles. Ventral surstylus with a very long bristle ventrally near base and a strong lateral bristle. No epandrial bristles. Hypandrium broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B748B82BB50C1927F56CFA9A" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" box="[312,1044,1329,1355]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B748B82BB50C1927F0EBFA9A" bold="true" box="[312,403,1329,1355]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="CD717894B748B82BB6751927F3B2FA9A" box="[577,714,1329,1355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.92" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="3.96" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.92">3.92–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="CD717894B748B82BB7451927F569FA9A" box="[881,1041,1329,1355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="3.71" valueMax="3.92" valueMin="3.5">3.5–3.92 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B748B82BB50C194FF233F95A" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Identical to male in most characteristics. Face wide, about as wide as third antennal segment is long, bulging below. Upper part of face concave. Third antennal segment much shorter than in male, about as long as deep (1.8 times as long as high); arista nearly 2 times as long as third antennal segment. Apical part of third segment triangular and much shorter than in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="92B2C9F4B748B82BB58919EFF373F9C2" box="[445,523,1529,1555]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[281,1301,887,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[281,1306,844,1480]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Syntormon singaporensis sp. nov. 1. Male antenna, exterior view; 2. male, base of antenna, interior view; 3. female antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171562/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although there is a difference in length of the third antennal segment, total length of the antenna is identical in both sexes. Abdomen with the same yellow pattern as in male, but in female also tergite 4 with an apical yellow band, and not limited to a triangular spot on the side as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="429386FAB748B82BB50C1A8FF296F962" box="[312,1006,1689,1715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B748B82BB50C1A8FF296F962" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" box="[312,1006,1689,1715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B748B82BB50C1A8FF0CBF963" box="[312,435,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The name refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D5326BD3B748B82BB6E51A8FF27BF962" box="[721,771,1689,1715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B748B82BB75B1A8FF292F962" box="[879,1002,1689,1715]" name="Singapore" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="429386FAB748B82AB50C1AD7F5BFFE7F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B748B82AB50C1AD7F5BFFE7F" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1875]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,1110]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B748B82BB50C1AD7F0CCF90B" box="[312,436,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B748B82BB5F11AD7F3FFF90B" box="[453,647,1729,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B748B82BB5F11AD7F3FFF90B" box="[453,647,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">S. singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B748B82BB7241AD7F576F90A" authority="Yang, 1998" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1998" box="[784,1038,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B748B82BB7241AD7F203F90B" box="[784,891,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">S. triseta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E18A880B748B82BB7B11AD7F576F90A" author="Yang" box="[901,1038,1729,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Yang, D. (1998) New and little known species of Dolichopodidae from China (II). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 68, 165 - 176." type="journal article" year="1998">Yang, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Fujian (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B748B82BB08C1AD7F479F90A" box="[1208,1281,1729,1755]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in that the hind tarsomere 1 is simple in structure (no basal ventral projection), hind tibia and tarsi are not flattened, fore coxae are yellow and posterior four coxae are brownish black, third antennal segment is less than 3.5 times as long as high (but 2.8 times), arista is nearly as long as third segment and the acrostichals are uniseriate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB7891D0AF504FEE4" box="[957,1148,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB7891D0AF504FEE4" box="[957,1148,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB1201D0AF02BFE8C" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB1201D0AF45BFEE4" box="[1300,1315,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB53C1D52F02BFE8C" box="[264,339,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">triseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the latter has three ventral bristles on the hind tarsomere 1 and has a completely metallic green abdomen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB6E61D7AF2EFFE54" box="[722,919,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB6E61D7AF2EFFE54" box="[722,919,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only a single, weak ventral bristle on the hind tarsomere 1 and at least the tergites 2 and 3 are broadly yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="429386FAB749B82AB50C1DAAF3D6FC67" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B749B82AB50C1DAAF026FDA7" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB50C1DAAF31FFE07" authority="Becker, 1922" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1922" box="[312,615,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB50C1DAAF0C5FE04" box="[312,445,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E18A880B749B82AB5F31DAAF31FFE07" author="Becker" box="[455,615,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refString="Becker, T. (1922) Dipterologische Studien, Dolichopodidae der indo-australischen Region. Capita Zoologica, 1 (4), 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1922">Becker, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a widely distributed species that we have seen during the present study (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B749B82AB5F01DF2F377FE2F" box="[452,527,484,510]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Qinhuangdao,
|
||
<date id="7E37F3B1B749B82AB6EC1DF2F2D9FE2F" box="[728,929,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2005-10-04">4 October 2005</date>
|
||
) has also the basal abdominal segments yellow, but the hind tarsomere 1 is swollen at its base and bent ventrally.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B749B82AB0C41E1AF453FDF7" box="[1264,1323,524,550]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
tarsomere 2 bears an apical protuberance. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB7281E22F2A4FD9C" ID-CoL="53ZKD" box="[796,988,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB7281E22F2A4FD9C" box="[796,988,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hind tarsomeres 1 and 2 are simple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B749B82AB50C1E92F3D6FC67" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB50C1E92F0CCFD4C" box="[312,436,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Bionomics</emphasis>
|
||
. The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB6A61E92F221FD4C" ID-CoL="53ZKD" box="[658,857,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB6A61E92F221FD4C" box="[658,857,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be the muddy and sandy riverbanks of permanent streams in rain forest. Daily, the riverbanks were temporarily exposed to the sun. This
|
||
<typeStatus id="D5326BD3B749B82AB6021EC2F311FD3F" box="[566,617,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of habitat was quite stable and permanent during the year, even during the dry season.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB6651EEAF268FCC4" ID-CoL="53ZKD" box="[593,784,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB6651EEAF268FCC4" box="[593,784,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely present throughout the year since we observed it regularly from March till October. Only a single population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB0581F32F453FCEC" ID-CoL="53ZKD" box="[1132,1323,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB0581F32F453FCEC" box="[1132,1323,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. singaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B749B82AB59F1F5AF35AFCB7" box="[427,546,844,870]" name="Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
up to now, and this despite intensive sampling in various similar habitats nearby. Perhaps these habitats were not permanent enough since they suffered from drought during the dry season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="429386FAB749B82AB50C1FD2F0ABFB87" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A36D571B749B82AB50C1FD2F0ABFB87" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD89AEF2B749B82AB5D31FD2F31EFC0C" box="[487,614,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Syntormon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD0963B749B82AB5D31FD2F31EFC0C" box="[487,614,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Syntormon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="729E95E1B749B82AB6FA1FD2F23DFC0F" box="[718,837,964,990]" name="Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
is remarkable since it is the first record from low altitude in rain forest near the equator. Future records in Southeast Asia will show if we also deal here with a relic from dry spells during the glaciations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E18A880B749B82AB0A21802F0BFFB87" author="Daugeron" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refString="Daugeron, C. & Grootaert, P. (2004) The Empis hyalea group (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae): a potential model for studying the impact of Quaternary climate changes on Asian biodiversity. Biology in Asia International Conference, Singapore, 7 - 10 December 2004. abstract p. 44 - 45. Dyte, C. E. (1975) Family Dolichopodidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. 2. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 212 - 258." type="book chapter" year="2004">Daugeron & Grootaert, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |