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<mods:title id="1E12C99328F273BDED449049B3505670">Revision of South African chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) originated from the collection of R. F. Lawrence, with redescriptions of nine species</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="B9CFDEE4FF82FFDAFF33509EFD7AFC56" box="[151,668,978,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF33509EFD7AFC56" blockId="25.[151,668,978,1041]" box="[151,668,978,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="AA223A03FF82FFDAFF33509EFD7AFC56" bold="true" box="[151,668,978,1005]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFF33509EFD7AFC56" ID-CoL="8ZJ97" authority="Lawrence, 1949" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,668,978,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Schoengastia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerrhosauri">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF33509EFD7AFC56" bold="true" box="[151,668,978,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF33509EFE29FC57" bold="true" box="[151,463,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Schoengastia gerrhosauri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9544F09EFF82FFDAFE73509FFD7AFC56" author="Lawrence, R. F." box="[471,668,978,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="405 - 486" refId="ref18925" refString="Lawrence, R. F. (1949) The larval trombiculid mites of South African vertebrates. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (3), 405 - 486." type="journal article" year="1949">Lawrence, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9CFDEE4FF82FFDAFF3350BBFEEBFBAB" box="[151,269,1014,1041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF3350BBFEEBFBAB" blockId="25.[151,668,978,1041]" box="[151,269,1014,1041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="69EE91EAFF82FFDAFF3B50BBFEE3FBAB" box="[159,261,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1096]" captionTargetId="figure-24@26.[151,1436,181,1096]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Schoengastia gerrhosauri Lawrence, 1949, paratype NHM 1957-8-12-36 (A), Schoengastia mabuyana Lawrence, 1949, paratype NM 26422 (B), Microtrombicula (Microtrombicula) zumpti Vercammen-Grandjean, 1965, specimen NM 5871/1 (C), Neotrombicula (Anamasticula) rhodesiana (Lawrence, 1949), holotype (D). Dorsal aspect of idiosoma (A, B), scutum (C, D). Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269221/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9CFDEE4FF82FFDAFF335777FB82FB2B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF335777FE4EFBC8" blockId="25.[151,1436,1083,1169]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1C5AA41FF82FFDAFF335777FE4EFBC8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitation id="7074AB7EFF82FFDAFF335777FD9AFBE9" author="Lawrence, R. F." box="[151,636,1083,1107]" page="426" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1949">
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFF335777FD9AFBE9" ID-CoL="8ZJ97" authority="Lawrence, 1949: 426" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityPageNumber="426" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,636,1083,1107]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Schoengastia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerrhosauri">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF335777FE78FBE9" box="[151,414,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Schoengastia gerrhosauri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9544F09EFF82FFDAFE075770FD9AFBE9" author="Lawrence, R. F." box="[419,636,1083,1107]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="405 - 486" refId="ref18925" refString="Lawrence, R. F. (1949) The larval trombiculid mites of South African vertebrates. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (3), 405 - 486." type="journal article" year="1949">Lawrence, 1949: 426</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 13;
<treatmentCitation id="7074AB7EFF82FFDAFD725777FC0BFBE9" author="Wharton, G. W. &amp; Fuller, H. S." box="[726,1005,1083,1107]" page="88" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="9544F09EFF82FFDAFD725777FC0BFBE9" author="Wharton, G. W. &amp; Fuller, H. S." box="[726,1005,1083,1107]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref19914" refString="Wharton, G. W. &amp; Fuller, H. S. (1952) A manual of the chiggers. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 4, 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1952">Wharton &amp; Fuller 1952: 88</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="7074AB7EFF82FFDAFC5C5777FAB8FBE9" author="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H." box="[1016,1374,1083,1107]" page="659" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation id="9544F09EFF82FFDAFC5C5777FAB8FBE9" author="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H." box="[1016,1374,1083,1107]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="619 - 670" refId="ref19420" refString="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H. (1958 b) Revue des Schoengastia centrafricains et remaniements divers de cet important genre (Acarina - Trombiculidae). Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparee, 33 (5 - 6), 619 - 670." type="journal article" year="1958">Vercammen-Grandjean 1958b: 659</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 9;
<treatmentCitation id="7074AB7EFF82FFDAFF635716FE42FBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3849754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3849754" author="Stekolnikov, A. A." box="[199,420,1114,1138]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/486DBB53FFD7FFC98B4AFA93DB46F832" page="78" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="9544F09EFF82FFDAFF635716FE42FBC8" author="Stekolnikov, A. A." box="[199,420,1114,1138]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 233" refId="ref19075" refString="Stekolnikov, A. A. (2018) Taxonomy and distribution of African chiggers (Acariformes, Trombiculidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 395, 1 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2018.395" type="journal article" year="2018">Stekolnikov 2018: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF335734FB82FB2B" blockId="25.[151,1436,1083,1169]" box="[151,1124,1144,1169]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1C5AA41FF82FFDAFF335734FB82FB2B" box="[151,1124,1144,1169]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFF335734FDDAFB2A" ID-CoL="8ZJ97" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,572,1144,1169]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Schoengastia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerrhosauri" subGenus="Schoengastia">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF335734FEF8FB2A" box="[151,286,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Schoengastia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFE895734FE52FB2A" box="[301,436,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Schoengastia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFE675734FDDAFB2A" box="[451,572,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">gerrhosauri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="7074AB7EFF82FFDAFDED5735FD1AFB2A" author="Zumpt, F." box="[585,764,1144,1168]" page="155" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="9544F09EFF82FFDAFDED5735FD1AFB2A" author="Zumpt, F." box="[585,764,1144,1168]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref20013" refString="Zumpt, F. (Ed.) (1961) The Arthropod Parasites of Vertebrates in Africa South of the Sahara (Ethiopian Region). Vol. I. Chelicerata. Publications of the South African Institute of Medical Research. No 1. Vol. IX. South African Institute of Medical Research, Johannesburg, 457 pp." type="book" year="1961">Zumpt 1961: 155</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="7074AB7EFF82FFDAFCA25734FB86FB2B" author="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H." box="[774,1120,1144,1169]" page="81" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="9544F09EFF82FFDAFCA25734FB86FB2B" author="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H." box="[774,1120,1144,1169]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref19565" refString="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H. (1965 b) Trombiculinae of the World. Synopsis with Generic, Subgeneric, and Group Diagnoses (Acarina, Trombiculidae). George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, 191 pp." type="book" year="1965">Vercammen-Grandjean 1965b: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9CFDEE4FF82FFDAFF3357F2FD3AFA9B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF3357F2FD3AFA9B" blockId="25.[151,1437,1214,1745]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF3357F2FEF4FB62" bold="true" box="[151,274,1214,1240]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
AL&gt; PL &gt;&gt;AM; fD = 2H-9-6-6-4-2-2; DS = 31; V = 24; NDV = 55; scutum pentagonal, with moderately projected posterior margin nearly straight in middle; sensillary bases slightly anterior to level of PLs (by 2 µm); Ip = 787. Standard measurements are given in
<tableCitation id="BC57B8D4FF82FFDAFD26564BFD3EFA9B" box="[642,728,1287,1313]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,239,469,495]" captionText="TABLE 6. Morphometric (AWS2, µm) and meristic (DSNDV) traits of Schoengastia scincicola, S. monticola, S. gerrhosauri, and S. mabuyana." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 6</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9CFDEE4FF82FFDAFF635666FE23FA0B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF635666FE23FA0B" blockId="25.[151,1437,1214,1745]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF635666FE05FAFF" bold="true" box="[199,483,1322,1349]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution and hosts.</emphasis>
This species was described from (1) Kranskop, Natal (currently
<collectingRegion id="3311438DFF82FFDAFB485667FF33FAD3" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">KwaZulu-Natal Prov.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="89C2CDFFFF82FFDAFF7B5603FE97FAD3" box="[223,369,1359,1385]" name="South Africa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">South Africa</collectingCountry>
), ex
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFE015603FCACFAD3" authority="Wiegmann" authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1828" box="[421,842,1359,1385]" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhosauridae" genus="Gerrhosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavigularis">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFE015603FD2FFAD3" box="[421,713,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gerrhosaurus flavigularis</emphasis>
Wiegmann
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFCFC5603FC2AFAD3" box="[856,972,1359,1385]" class="Squamata" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Squamata</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFC725603FB6EFAD3" box="[982,1160,1359,1385]" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhosauridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gerrhosauridae</taxonomicName>
); (2) Weenen, Kranskop, and Pietermaritzburg, Natal, ex
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFDA5563FFD32FA36" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[513,724,1395,1421]" class="Squamata" family="Scincidae" genus="Trachylepis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFDA5563FFD32FA36" box="[513,724,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trachylepis striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(syn.
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFCB8563FFC2FFA36" box="[796,969,1395,1421]" class="Squamata" family="Scincidae" genus="Mabuya" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFCB8563FFC2FFA36" box="[796,969,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mabuya striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (3) Mullers pass, Newcastle, Natal, ex
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFF3356DBFE58FA0B" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[151,446,1431,1457]" class="Squamata" family="Cordylidae" genus="Pseudocordylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subviridis">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF3356DBFE58FA0B" box="[151,446,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pseudocordylus subviridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9CFDEE4FF82FFDAFF6356F6FD32FA43" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF6356F6FD32FA43" blockId="25.[151,1437,1214,1745]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF6356F6FE52FA6E" bold="true" box="[199,436,1466,1492]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="E7D346E6FF82FFDAFE1A56F7FDBCFA6F" box="[446,602,1467,1493]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">One paratype</specimenCount>
, larva deposited in NHM (
<date id="856BABAFFF82FFDAFC3056F6FBEDFA6F" box="[916,1035,1466,1493]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1957-12-08">1957-8-12</date>
-36), NM 4833, ex
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFB4B56F7FEE1FA43" authority=", Kranskop" authorityName="Kranskop" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhosauridae" genus="Gerrhosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavigularis">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFB4B56F7FA73FA6F" box="[1263,1429,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. flavigularis</emphasis>
, Kranskop
</taxonomicName>
, collector and date unknown (
<figureCitation id="69EE91EAFF82FFDAFDFC5693FD7CFA43" box="[600,666,1503,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,186,1479]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[188,1399,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Slide labels. 1, Microtrombicula homopholis, holotype; 2, Hypotrombidium subquadratum, holotype; 3, Willmannium natalense, lectotype; 4, W. natalense, paralectotype 1; 5, M. nivaria, paratype; 6, Herpetacarus (Abonnencia) alticolus, holotype; 7, H. (A.) alticolus, paratype; 8, H. (A.) alticolus, slide with topotypic specimens; 9, H. (A.) africanus, holotype; 10, H. (A.) africanus, topotypic specimen (ZIN label is on the opposite side); 11, H. (A.) longispinus, holotype; 12, H. (A.) longispinus, topotypic specimen (ZIN label is on the opposite side); 13, Ascoschoengastia rhabdomyia, slide NM 5387; 14, Riedlinia (Trombigastia) cadei, specimen NM 6544/3 (pencil inscription “/3” is mine; my identification label is on the opposite side); 15, Schoengastia pseudocordyli, slide NM 4939/1 (pencil inscriptions are mine; my identification label is on the opposite side); 16, S. scincicola, holotype; 17, S. scincicola, paratype NM 4870/2; 18, S. scincicola, paratype NHM 1957-8-12-35; 19, S. scincicola, non-type specimen (renounced paratype) NM 4870/3; 20, S. monticola, holotype; 21, S. monticola, paratype NHM 1957-8-12-34; 22, S. monticola, non-type specimen (renounced paratype) NM 4827; 23, S. monticola, specimen NM 4810/1 (pencil inscription “/1” is mine; my identification label is on the opposite side); 24, S. gerrhosauri, paratype NHM 1957-8- 12-36; 25, S. mabuyana, paratype NM 26422; 26, S. mabuyana, paratype NM 26423; 27, Microtrombicula (Microtrombicula) zumpti, specimen NM 5871/1 (pencil inscriptions are mine; my identification label is on the opposite side); 28, Neotrombicula (Anamasticula) rhodesiana, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269185/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFD0C5693FD22FA43" box="[680,708,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">24</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9CFDEE4FF82FFDAFF63554FFAB6F96B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF63554FFDF5F9DF" blockId="25.[151,1437,1214,1745]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF63554FFEDDF9A7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1539,1565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</emphasis>
I was unable to examine gnathosoma and legs of the
<typeStatus id="2E6E33CDFF82FFDAFC3E554FFC1BF9A7" box="[922,1021,1539,1565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, which I found in NHM; thus, I give here only measurements and a photography of the scutum. The single non-type specimen deposited in NM was found unsuitable for examination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F16A8D6FFF82FFDAFF635523FAB6F96B" blockId="25.[151,1437,1214,1745]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFF635523FE0EF933" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,488,1647,1673]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Schoengastia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerrhosauri">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFF635523FE0EF933" box="[199,488,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Schoengastia gerrhosauri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="36D5F6ECFF82FFDAFDD95523FCEFF933" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1949" box="[637,777,1647,1673]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Schoengastia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="C3A1517DFF82FFDAFDD95523FCEFF933" box="[637,777,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a shorter scutum (ASB 27 vs. 3033, SD 54 vs. 5862), shorter PL (43 vs. 4854), shorter dorsal idiosomal setae (H 38 vs. 4047, D
<subScript id="6D518F2AFF82FFDAFC4455E9FC1FF909" attach="left" box="[992,1017,1701,1715]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">min</subScript>
25 vs. 2936, and D
<subScript id="6D518F2AFF82FFDAFB7855E9FB1EF909" attach="left" box="[1244,1272,1701,1715]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">max</subScript>
31 vs. 3844), and shorter legs (Ip 787 vs. 889913). Examination of new materials would add more diagnostic characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>