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<mods:title id="164F824ABEB5D82931F8A59DD21DE091">Small Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates from Marine Sediments of Gippsland Basin, South-Eastern Australia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0B708784E6698925FF17F8EB26C5D783" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12522301" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233761370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12522301" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B708784E6698925FF17F8EB26C5D783" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B708784E6698925FF17F8EB26C5D783" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="CBC36519E6698925FF17F8EB261CD47E" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="83663692E6698925FF17F8EB24B5D44D" blockId="10.[132,779,1799,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D82E81FEE6698925FF17F8EB24B5D44D" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FF17F8EB242AD44C" authority="(Larsen and Patterson 1990) Cavalier-Smith 2011" authorityName="Cavalier-Smith" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Larsen and Patterson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FF17F8EB2440D42A" bold="true" box="[132,342,1799,1826]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Protaspa obliqua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FEF9F8EB27A7D429" author="Larsen J. &amp; Patterson D. J." box="[362,689,1799,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="801 - 937" refId="ref16426" refString="Larsen J., Patterson D. J. (1990) Some flagellates (Protista) from tropical marine sediments. J. Nat. Hist. 24: 801 - 937" type="journal article" year="1990">Larsen and Patterson 1990</bibRefCitation>
) Cavalier-Smith 2011
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1BE22A17E6698925FEDFF8C6248CD44D" box="[332,410,1834,1861]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[132,167,1529,1551]" captionTargetBox="[147,1432,223,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[147,1432,223,1489]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. ab Rhynchobodo formica; c Massisteria marina, general appearance of cell showing pseudopodia and flagella (arrow); df Cercomonas sp.; d note two acronematic flagella; e general appearance; f note flagellar orientation; gh Roombia truncata, note cell attached to the substrate by the tip of the posterior flagellum and note extrusomes; i Protaspa obliqua, note anterior protrusion;jk Thaumatomastix setifera, note spines around the body; j general appearance of cell; k ventral face showing a deep groove and pseudopodia; lm Ancyromonas sigmoides of different cells; l note slightly thick anterior flagellum with acronematic tip and broad rostrum; m note thick anterior flagellum and acute rostrum; np Ancyromonas impluvium nov. spec., showing general appearance of cell and note flagellar insertion.All micrographs are DIC images with the exceptions of (d) and (p) which are phase contrast images. Scale bar: 5 µm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994302/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83663692E6698925FF39F8B0261CD47E" blockId="10.[132,778,1884,1946]" box="[170,778,1884,1911]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D82E81FEE6698925FF39F8B0261CD47E" box="[170,778,1884,1911]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FF39F8B02458D47E" bold="true" box="[170,334,1884,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Observation:</emphasis>
Cells are slightly oval or roundish,
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBC36519E6698925FF17F893201BD11A" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="83663692E6698925FF17F893201BD11A" blockId="10.[132,778,1884,1946]" lastBlockId="10.[815,1464,223,1163]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">13 to 15 µm long, dorso-ventrally flattened and with thickened cortex. There is a ventral median groove; cell indented anteriorly and posteriorly where the groove meets margin. Subapically, the right margin of the groove forms a protrusion. With two flagella inserting under the protrusion; the anterior flagellum is about 0.5 times the cell length and the posterior flagellum is from 0.5 to 1.5 times the cell length. The rounded nucleus does not have nuclear caps, is located subapically in a median position. Commonly observed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBC36519E6698925FCC5FDF726C5D783" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="83663692E6698925FCC5FDF726C5D783" blockId="10.[815,1464,223,1163]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FCC5FDF726C2D13D" bold="true" box="[854,980,539,565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Remarks:</emphasis>
Recently,
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FBC6FDF02041D13D" authority="Skuja 1939" authorityName="Skuja" authorityYear="1939" box="[1109,1367,539,565]" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FBC6FDF021D1D13D" box="[1109,1223,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Protaspis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FB5CFDF72041D13D" author="Skuja H." box="[1231,1367,539,565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="41 - 169" refId="ref17537" refString="Skuja H. (1939) Beitrag zur Algenflora Lettlands II. Acta Horti Botanici Universitatis Latviensis 11 / 12: 41 - 169" type="journal article" year="1939">Skuja 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was replaced with
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FC59FDD32121D150" authorityName="Cavalier-Smith" authorityYear="2011" box="[970,1079,575,600]" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FC59FDD32121D150" box="[970,1079,575,600]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Protaspa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Cavalier-Smith in
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FADCFDD326BFD174" author="Howe A. T. &amp; Bass D. &amp; Scoble J. M. &amp; Lewis R. &amp; Vickerman K. &amp; Cavalier-Smith T." pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="332 - 372" refId="ref16018" refString="Howe A. T., Bass D., Scoble J. M., Lewis R., Vickerman K., Arndt H., Cavalier-Smith T. (2011) Novel cultured protists identify deep-branching environmental DNA clades of Cercozoa: new genera Tremula, Micrometopion, Minimassisteria, Nudifila, Peregrinia. Protist 162: 332 - 372" type="journal article" year="2011">
Howe
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FA32FDD32659D174" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
because it was preoccupied by the Devonian fish
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FC0EFD6921BAD197" authority="Bryant 1933" authorityName="Bryant" authorityYear="1933" box="[925,1196,645,671]" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FC0EFD692119D196" box="[925,1039,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Protaspis</emphasis>
Bryant 1933
</taxonomicName>
. This species has been reported from marine sites in Aegean Sea (
<collectingCountry id="FBCE7602E6698925FADEFD4420BFD1CB" box="[1357,1449,680,707]" name="Turkey" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Turkey</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="FBCE7602E6698925FCA3FD2726B7D1ED" box="[816,929,715,741]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FBCE7602E6698925FC3EFD272102D1ED" box="[941,1044,715,741]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">England</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FBCE7602E6698925FBB3FD27215CD1ED" box="[1056,1098,715,741]" name="Fiji" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Fiji</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FBCE7602E6698925FB10FD2721DAD1ED" box="[1155,1228,715,741]" name="South Korea" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FB48FD2726B5D000" author="Larsen J. &amp; Patterson D. J." pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="801 - 937" refId="ref16426" refString="Larsen J., Patterson D. J. (1990) Some flagellates (Protista) from tropical marine sediments. J. Nat. Hist. 24: 801 - 937" type="journal article" year="1990">Larsen and Patterson 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FC21FD032151D000" author="Tong S. M." box="[946,1095,750,777]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="71 - 131" refId="ref17735" refString="Tong S. M. (1997 b) Heterotrophic flagellates and other protists in Southampton Water, including the description of three new species. Ophelia 47: 71 - 131" type="journal article" year="1997">Tong 1997b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FBC5FD03206DD000" author="Patterson D. J. &amp; Lee W. J." box="[1110,1403,750,777]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="267 - 287" refId="ref17238" refString="Patterson D. J., Lee W. J. (2000) Geographic distribution and diver- sity of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. In: The flagellates: unity, diversity and evolution, (Eds. Leadbeater B. S. C., Green J. C.). Taylor &amp; Francis, London and New York. 49: 267 - 287" type="journal article" year="2000">Lee and Patterson 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FA19FD032668D023" author="Lee W. J." pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="125 - 143" refId="ref16525" refString="Lee W. J. (2002 b) Some free-living heterotrophic flagellates from marine sediments of Inchon and Ganghwa Island, Korea. Korean J. Biol. Sci. 6: 125 - 143" type="journal article" year="2002">Lee 2002b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FC18FCFD26CCD023" author="Lee W. J." box="[907,986,785,811]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="75 - 95" refId="ref16593" refString="Lee W. J. (2006 b) Some free-living heterotrophic flagellates from marine sediments of tropical Australia. Oce. Sci. J. 41: 75 - 95" type="journal article" year="2006">2006b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FC75FCFD21C8D023" author="Aydin E. E. &amp; Lee W. J." box="[998,1246,785,812]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="119 - 137" refId="ref15193" refString="Aydin E. E., Lee W. J. (2012) Free-living heterotrophic flagellates from intertidal sediments of Saros Bay, Aegean Sea (Turkey). Acta Protozool. 51: 119 - 137" type="journal article" year="2012">Aydin and Lee 2012</bibRefCitation>
) and a freshwater site in Tasmania (
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FB97FCD821A8D047" author="Lee W. J. &amp; Simpson A. G. B. &amp; Patterson D. J." box="[1028,1214,820,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="321 - 350" refId="ref16792" refString="Lee W. J., Simpson A. G. B., Patterson D. J. (2005) Free-living het- erotrophic flagellates from freshwater sites in Tasmania (Aus- tralia), a field survey. Acta Protozool. 44: 321 - 350" type="journal article" year="2005">
Lee
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FBA9FCD92160D046" box="[1082,1142,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). Cell length was reported to be 8 to 32 µm by previous authors. Generally, the observations are in accordance with those of
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FCC0FC72219DD0B0" author="Patterson D. J. &amp; Lee W. J." box="[851,1163,926,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="267 - 287" refId="ref17238" refString="Patterson D. J., Lee W. J. (2000) Geographic distribution and diver- sity of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. In: The flagellates: unity, diversity and evolution, (Eds. Leadbeater B. S. C., Green J. C.). Taylor &amp; Francis, London and New York. 49: 267 - 287" type="journal article" year="2000">Lee and Patterson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. The protrusion near the flagellar insertions makes this species easy to identify, but
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FCCDFC0920A0D0F7" authority="(Hoppenrath and Leander 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Hoppenrath and Leander" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[862,1462,996,1023]" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FCCDFC092138D0F6" box="[862,1070,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Protaspa grandis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E7484B63E6698925FBADFC0820B8D0F7" author="Hoppenrath M. &amp; Leander B. S." box="[1086,1454,996,1023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" pagination="327 - 342" refId="ref15975" refString="Hoppenrath M., Leander B. S. (2006) Dinoflagellate, euglenids, or cercomonad? The ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of Protaspis grandis n. sp. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 53: 327 - 342" type="journal article" year="2006">Hoppenrath and Leander 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has a protrusion near the flagellar insertion.
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FAD9FBE4269DD74C" baseAuthorityName="Hoppenrath and Leander" baseAuthorityYear="2006" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FAD9FBE4269DD74C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">Protaspa grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is elongated without the posterior indentation and generally bigger than
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FB3AFBA22035D76F" authorityName="Cavalier-Smith" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Larsen and Patterson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1193,1315,1101,1127]" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FB3AFBA22035D76F" box="[1193,1315,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">P. obliqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="44D94D11E6698925FAA6FBA220B9D76F" baseAuthorityName="Hoppenrath and Leander" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1333,1455,1101,1127]" family="Protaspidae" genus="Protaspa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B1ADEA80E6698925FAA6FBA220B9D76F" box="[1333,1455,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="63">P. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 32.555 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>