421 lines
54 KiB
XML
421 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="DA2255BD4DF1F99992539F1F0376DFD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="39126" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4108.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="015bce14-fc37-4afb-b997-4b1e974770f9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265725" ID-ZooBank="B802F2B1-944E-4B84-A856-8091E60D88FC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1462434707773" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rafał Gosik, Peter Sprick, Jiří Skuhrovec, Magdalena Deruś & Martin Hommes" docDate="2016" docId="03EB857DFFD5AD250592FBC242FC12C9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4108.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4108 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Otiorhynchus (Pocodalemes) crataegi Germar 1824" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFD2FD05FFF9AD0A0505FFB5463B1620" masterDocTitle="Morphology and identification of the mature larvae of several species of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Central Europe with an update of the life history traits" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698662309302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="84CEAABD725CCE1EFB547106AD0BB36A">
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<mods:title id="0A209D83F21194CA1B69DFCC2B9B1152">Morphology and identification of the mature larvae of several species of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Central Europe with an update of the life history traits</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="62D6C3518EEED37EA9626E0D11BDD038" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ADADAE0B2F90FB8EC3BA594CA09B127E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1577E88988E58ACEA936FB8E777A19DE">Rafał Gosik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6D75D5834A50C3D150DFB27CF39122C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9FF0BC65C92307E483CCBA895CA60837">Peter Sprick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9952354290215E0EBFE3B96158D5D9F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="21C000E88E79878B0EB5452E7BD76291">Jiří Skuhrovec</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8620808A76848DA211EF667796D31826">Magdalena Deruś</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC75B34E4F09B11A33B0E2E6684C4507">Martin Hommes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A679A2A22931E7A61F37788670B846F2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="68B2DD815170199F802AD998A5009441">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F32C56F4C07675F8C073EB1C93F7B938" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A368664491C2926DD89007F0382CA321">4108</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8ED6801BBF7085CC68E3FD2C00093F84">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03EB857DFFD5AD250592FBC242FC12C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6062748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120624365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6062748" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB857DFFD5AD250592FBC242FC12C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB857DFFD5AD250592FBC242FC12C9" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C35867E0FFD5AD260592FBC2452A12B1" box="[151,785,1143,1169]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD5AD260592FBC2452A12B1" blockId="44.[151,785,1143,1169]" box="[151,785,1143,1169]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0B58307FFD5AD260592FBC2452A12B1" bold="true" box="[151,785,1143,1169]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD5AD260592FBC2452A12B1" ID-CoL="4B3GR" authority="Germar, 1824" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,785,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crataegi" subGenus="Pocodalemes">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD260592FBC2452A12B1" bold="true" box="[151,785,1143,1169]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD260592FBC2470612B1" bold="true" box="[151,317,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Otiorhynchus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD26044BFBC247D012B1" bold="true" box="[334,491,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pocodalemes</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD2604F8FBC2446512B1" bold="true" box="[509,606,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">crataegi</emphasis>
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Germar, 1824
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35867E0FFD5AD260592FB0B45A213E9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD5AD260592FB0B47C31341" blockId="44.[151,1437,1214,2036]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD260592FB0B47D112F7" bold="true" box="[151,490,1214,1239]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Material examined:
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<specimenCount id="9D44FFE2FFD5AD26048FFB0B47D112F7" box="[394,490,1214,1239]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="larva">7 larvae</specimenCount>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD5AD2604FFFB0B445D12F7" box="[506,614,1214,1239]" captionStart="FIGURES 211 – 219" captionStartId="61.[151,264,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[271,1283,203,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[260,1296,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 211 – 219. Mature larva, lateral view. 211 — O. aurifer, 212 — O. meridionalis, 213 — O. clavipes (= O. tenebricosus), 214 — O. fuscipes (= O. tenebricosus), 215 — O. lugdunensis, 216 — O. salicicola, 217 — O. ovatus, 218 — O. crataegi, 219 — O. rugosostriatus. (Photos by R. Gosik)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265759/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 218</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD5AD260777FB0A449B12F7" box="[626,672,1215,1239]" captionStart="FIGURES 226 – 231" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[232,1353,193,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[232,1355,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 226 – 231. Breeding and collecting of the weevil larvae. 226 — O. aurifer larvae from breeding in the climate chamber, 227 — O. crataegi larva and pupa in the field—size compared with a Taxus needle, 228 — O. rugosostriatus larva in the Panicum virgatum field in Wiesbaden-Schierstein, 229 — O. rugosostriatus, young adult, just hatched, found under Panicum virgatum, as before, 230 — O. armatus, 2 mature larvae on graph paper, 231 — O. armadillo larva in a flowerpot used for breeding. (Photos by P. Sprick)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265761/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">227</figureCitation>
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). For the description larvae from breeding in the lab and from fieldsampling could be used:
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<date id="FFFC12ABFFD5AD2604AEFB55442712D9" box="[427,540,1248,1273]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2011-10-06">10.6.2011</date>
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, 3 ex., collected under
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<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD5AD260619FB57458712D9" box="[796,956,1248,1273]" class="Pinopsida" family="Taxaceae" genus="Taxus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccata">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD260619FB57458712D9" box="[796,956,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Taxus baccata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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trees in a tree nursery in Bad Zwischenahn (
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<collectingCountry id="F35574FBFFD5AD26059BFAB14732133C" box="[158,265,1284,1308]" name="Germany" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Germany</collectingCountry>
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, northwestern Niedersachsen near Oldenburg;
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<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD5AD26064EFAB6423E133C" box="[843,1029,1283,1308]" captionStart="FIGURES 220 – 225" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[232,1353,193,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[232,1355,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 220 – 225. Breeding and collecting of the weevil larvae. 220, 222 — Sampling sites of O. crataegi under Taxus in Bad Zwischenahn, 221 — Breeding of O. armadillo in flowerpots with Euonymus fortunei cultivar Emerald ' n Gold, 223, 225 — Sampling sites of O. rugosostriatus under Panicum virgatum in Wiesbaden-Schierstein, 224 — Breeding of O. aurifer in a flowerpot with Viburnum tinus. (Photos by P. Sprick)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265760/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 220, 222</figureCitation>
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);
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<date id="FFFC12ABFFD5AD260121FAB64298133C" box="[1060,1187,1283,1308]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2011-11-16">16.11.2011</date>
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, 4 ex., reared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD5AD260592FA924471131F" authority="C.K. Schneid." authorityName="C.K. Schneid." box="[151,586,1318,1343]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Cotoneaster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dammeri">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD260592FA9247AF131F" box="[151,404,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cotoneaster dammeri</emphasis>
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C.K. Schneid.
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</taxonomicName>
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by Thorsten Ufer, Ellerhoop, for efficacy tests of entomopathogenic nematodes against these larvae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD5AD2605C2FADE45A213E9" blockId="44.[151,1437,1214,2036]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Further larvae of this species were sampled between March and June in a tree nursery in Bad Zwischenahn, where it occurred as single species and in rather large numbers between the roots of
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<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD5AD260139FA3A42E71387" box="[1084,1244,1422,1447]" class="Pinopsida" family="Taxaceae" genus="Taxus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccata">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD260139FA3A42E71387" box="[1084,1244,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Taxus baccata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD5AD260014FA3A46E113E9" authority="Rehd." authorityName="Rehd." class="Pinopsida" family="Taxaceae" genus="Taxus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="media">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD260014FA3A43A71387" box="[1297,1436,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Taxus media</emphasis>
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Rehd.
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</taxonomicName>
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trees, usually at low soil depth (mainly between 5 and
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<quantity id="4CBA998EFFD5AD260647FA0545B713E9" box="[834,908,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35867E0FFD5AD2505C2FA66452016D2" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD5AD2605C2FA66441A11D3" blockId="44.[151,1437,1214,2036]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD5AD2605C2FA6644EB13CC" bold="true" box="[199,720,1491,1516]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks about breeding and development.</emphasis>
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The life-cycle of this species, unknown up until very recently, could be clarified in great parts during the soil-dwelling weevils project (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3499AFFD5AD2606E9FA4342D2102F" author="Sprick" box="[1004,1257,1526,1551]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Sprick, P. & Stuben, P. E. (2012) Russelkafer in anthropogenen Lebensraumen. Snudebiller extra (CD Rom), Curculio-Institute, Monchengladbach. With 1318 coloured photos, 60 maps und 100 plates, 170 pp.; available at: Julius-Kuhn-Institut, Institut fur Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst, Messeweg 11 / 12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany." type="book" year="2012">Sprick & Stüben 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). Oviposition of the major part of the specimens was not observed until end of July in the lab, achieved a maximum in August and September and ended in October. This largely corresponds with data on the emergence and activity of this species in the field (activity data received from pitfall traps and the regular use of a beating tray). Teneral adults, light colored and weak adults hatch from the pupa usually in great numbers in July (and in lower numbers until September) and begin to lay eggs around three weeks later when sclerotization is completed. Due to climate conditions, emergence may start up to 4 weeks earlier or even 2 or 3 weeks later in the season (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3499AFFD5AD2601E6F97346EF1121" author="Sprick" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Sprick, P. & Stuben, P. E. (2012) Russelkafer in anthropogenen Lebensraumen. Snudebiller extra (CD Rom), Curculio-Institute, Monchengladbach. With 1318 coloured photos, 60 maps und 100 plates, 170 pp.; available at: Julius-Kuhn-Institut, Institut fur Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst, Messeweg 11 / 12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany." type="book" year="2012">Sprick & Stüben 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). Very likely young larvae overwinter, begin to feed early in the season and achieve the last larval stage usually in May and June. In June, larvae pupate and 2 or 3 weeks later young weevils hatch from the soil. The emergence of young adults is continued to the end of the season (with a decrease of the total number and an increase of the ratio). Due to the low soil depth, larval development is strongly influenced by soil cover and spring temperatures, and the variation in the beginning of the adults’ activity and of the egg-laying period is caused by these factors. In every year of the investigation, a varying part of overwintering adults was recorded, but their significance for the survival of the population was apparently low, as egg-laying rates were usually low, only a few of them oviposited already in June.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3D64E3FFD4AD270592F8E0432611C5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265750/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[286,1351,216,1778]" targetPageId="45">
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<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD4AD270592F8E0432611C5" blockId="45.[151,1436,1877,2022]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270592F8E0475C114B" bold="true" box="[151,359,1877,1899]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 133–138</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD4AD270476F8E0446C114B" box="[371,599,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crataegi">
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270476F8E0446C114B" box="[371,599,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Otiorhynchus crataegi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; mature larva. 133—habitus, lateral view, 134—lateral view of thoracic segments, 135—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 136—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–IX, 137—ventral view of abdominal segments VIII–X, 138—dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII–X. Abbreviations: Ab.—abdominal segment, Th.—thoracic s., I–X—number of segments,
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270772F807449F11E7" box="[631,676,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">prns</emphasis>
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—pronotal seta(e),
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270675F80745AB11E7" box="[880,912,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">prs</emphasis>
|
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—prodorsal s.,
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270130F804426311E7" box="[1077,1112,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">pds</emphasis>
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—postdorsal s.,
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270000F804431011E7" box="[1285,1323,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">pda</emphasis>
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—pedal s.,
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270592F864469611C6" box="[151,173,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">as</emphasis>
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—alar s.,
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD270415F87A470911C5" box="[272,306,1999,2021]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">lsts</emphasis>
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—laterosternal s.,
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<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD2704EEF864443611C6" box="[491,525,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">eus</emphasis>
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—eusternal s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD2707A1F864448011C6" box="[676,699,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ps</emphasis>
|
||
—pleural s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD27063BF864456511C6" box="[830,862,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">sps</emphasis>
|
||
—spiracular s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD2706FBF864422211C6" box="[1022,1049,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">sts</emphasis>
|
||
—sternal s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD4AD27019CF87A429411C5" box="[1177,1199,1999,2021]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ds</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3D64E3FFD7AD240592F8F745B611D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD7AD240592F8F745B611D1" blockId="46.[151,1436,1858,2033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240592F8F747491178" bold="true" box="[151,370,1858,1880]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 139–143.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD7AD240478F8F7445D1178" box="[381,614,1858,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crataegi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240478F8F7445D1178" box="[381,614,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Otiorhynchus crataegi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; mature larva and mouthparts. 139—dorsal view of head, 140—labrum and clypeus, 141—epipharynx, 142—left mandible, 143—maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240174F8D542A81156" box="[1137,1171,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">des</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsoepicranial seta(e),
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240592F8CA469311B5" box="[151,168,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">fs</emphasis>
|
||
—frontal s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD24042AF8CA477011B5" box="[303,331,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">les</emphasis>
|
||
—lateroepicranial s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240728F835447611B5" box="[557,589,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ves</emphasis>
|
||
—ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240159F8CA424311B5" box="[1116,1144,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cls</emphasis>
|
||
—clypeal s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240000F8CA431311B5" box="[1285,1320,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">lms</emphasis>
|
||
—labral s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240592F82A46FB1194" box="[151,192,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ams</emphasis>
|
||
—anteromedial s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240486F82B479B1194" box="[387,416,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">als</emphasis>
|
||
—anterolateral s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD24075BF82A44BE1194" box="[606,645,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">mes</emphasis>
|
||
—medial s., lr—labral rods,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD2406A8F82B45ED1194" box="[941,982,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">mds</emphasis>
|
||
—mandible dorsal s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD2401BFF82B42D91194" box="[1210,1250,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">dms</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal malae s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240592F80B468511F3" box="[151,190,1982,2003]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">vms</emphasis>
|
||
—ventral malae s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD2404A1F80B47E311F3" box="[420,472,1982,2003]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">mxps</emphasis>
|
||
—maxillary palps s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD2407D7F80944D411F2" box="[722,751,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
—palpiferal s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD2406A6F80B45F111F3" box="[931,970,1982,2003]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">stps</emphasis>
|
||
—stipal s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240151F809424611F2" box="[1108,1149,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
—mandible basiventral s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240592F86946F111D1" box="[151,202,2012,2033]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">prms</emphasis>
|
||
—prelabial s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD24045BF86947BC11D1" box="[350,391,2012,2033]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">pms</emphasis>
|
||
—postlabial s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD240723F86E447111D1" box="[550,586,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
—ligular s.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD7AD2407CCF86944E411D1" box="[713,735,2012,2033]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">so</emphasis>
|
||
—sensory organ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD6AD2505C2FF2D452016D2" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,243]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
In
|
||
<date id="FFFC12ABFFD6AD2505E0FF2D47B01690" box="[229,395,151,176]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2010" valueMax="2011">2010 and 2011</date>
|
||
, young larvae were sampled on 29.03. of both years. In 2010, 20 mature larvae were collected on 02.06.; 8 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D44FFE2FFD6AD25043BFF0C47AD16F2" box="[318,406,185,210]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="larva">9 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
kept in a box had already pupated on
|
||
<date id="FFFC12ABFFD6AD25063CFF0C458C16F2" box="[825,951,185,210]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2010-11-06">11.06.2010</date>
|
||
. In 2011,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D44FFE2FFD6AD250127FF0C424216F1" box="[1058,1145,185,209]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D44FFE2FFD6AD2501ABFF0C433D16F2" box="[1198,1286,185,210]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
were directly collected between the roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD6AD2504E0FF6944BA16D3" box="[485,641,218,243]" class="Pinopsida" family="Taxaceae" genus="Taxus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2504E0FF6944BA16D3" box="[485,641,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Taxus baccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD6AD2507B3FF69452916D3" box="[694,786,218,243]" class="Pinopsida" family="Taxaceae" genus="Taxus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="media">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2507B3FF69452916D3" box="[694,786,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. media</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35867E0FFD6AD250592FEA8477E12E5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD6AD250592FEA847E11716" blockId="47.[151,1436,285,1257]" box="[151,474,285,310]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250592FEA847251716" bold="true" box="[151,286,285,310]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD250428FEA847F51716" box="[301,462,285,310]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStart-1="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId-0="45.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox-0="[286,1351,216,1778]" captionTargetBox-1="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId-0="figure@45.[210,1379,193,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="FIGURES 133 – 138. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva. 133 — habitus, lateral view, 134 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 135 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 136 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 137 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 138 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s." captionText-1="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/265750/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 133–143</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD6AD2505C2FE8B436E1777" blockId="47.[151,1436,285,1257]" box="[199,1365,318,343]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505C2FE8B477E1777" bold="true" box="[199,325,318,343]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Head light yellow; all thoracic and abdominal segments white or light yellow; cuticle smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD6AD2505C2FEEA448814A2" blockId="47.[151,1436,285,1257]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505C2FEEA473F1758" bold="true" box="[199,260,351,376]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Body</emphasis>
|
||
slender, elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD2504E9FEEA446B1758" box="[492,592,351,376]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[286,1351,216,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[210,1379,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva. 133 — habitus, lateral view, 134 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 135 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 136 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 137 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 138 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265750/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250762FEEA44D61758" bold="true" box="[615,749,351,376]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||
: Setae different in length, relatively long, filiform, white to yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505E8FE34477F17BA" bold="true" box="[237,324,385,410]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Prothorax with 6 long and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2507C9FE3744C617B9" box="[716,765,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">prns</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25064BFE37455617B9" box="[846,877,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ps,</emphasis>
|
||
different in length. Mesothorax with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250059FE37434417B9" box="[1372,1407,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250592FE174686179B" box="[151,189,418,443]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pds</emphasis>
|
||
(ordered: 1 long, 1 short and 2 long); 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2507D3FE1144D5179B" box="[726,750,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">as</emphasis>
|
||
(sometimes with an additional short seta); 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2501FEFE114324179B" box="[1275,1311,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250078FE1143AE179B" box="[1405,1429,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ps</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetotaxy of meso- and metathorax similar. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well isolated, with 6
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25000DFE71430317FD" box="[1288,1336,452,477]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pda,</emphasis>
|
||
different in length. Each thoracic segment with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25078FFE53449517DD" box="[650,686,486,509]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">eus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD2507B8FE50452717DE" box="[701,796,485,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[286,1351,216,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[210,1379,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva. 133 — habitus, lateral view, 134 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 135 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 136 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 137 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 138 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265750/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 134</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25062AFE50459917DE" bold="true" box="[815,930,485,510]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segments I–VIII with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250074FE5343AF17DD" box="[1393,1428,486,509]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 5 short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505EFFDB3472B143F" box="[234,272,518,543]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pds</emphasis>
|
||
(ordered: 1 long, 1 short, 1 long, 1 short and 1 short); 1 long and 1 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250149FDB24254143E" box="[1100,1135,519,542]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sps</emphasis>
|
||
[abd. seg. VIII only with 1 microseta]; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250428FD9C47631460" box="[301,344,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">eps,</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 1 long and 1 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250612FD9C45141460" box="[791,815,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25068EFD9245941460" box="[907,943,551,576]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250104FD9C421E1460" box="[1025,1061,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">eus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD250131FD9243361460" box="[1076,1293,551,576]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[286,1351,216,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[210,1379,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva. 133 — habitus, lateral view, 134 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 135 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 136 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 137 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 138 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265750/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 135, 137, 138</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal segment IX with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250474FDFC47B21442" box="[369,393,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; 1 very long and 1 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25069DFDFF458B1441" box="[920,944,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25010DFDFF42171441" box="[1032,1068,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sts,</emphasis>
|
||
equal in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD2501E9FDFC43AA1442" box="[1260,1425,585,610]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[286,1351,216,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[210,1379,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva. 133 — habitus, lateral view, 134 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 135 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 136 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 137 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 138 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265750/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 136–138</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral lobes of abdominal segment X without
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25079FFDD9449714A3" box="[666,684,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD6AD2505C2FD39477E12E5" blockId="47.[151,1436,285,1257]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505C2FD39473E1485" bold="true" box="[199,261,652,677]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Head</emphasis>
|
||
subglobose, narrowed bilaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD250786FD3944DF1484" box="[643,740,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head capsule with 4 long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250112FD3942001485" box="[1047,1083,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">des</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25014FFD3942551485" box="[1098,1134,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">des</emphasis>
|
||
1 and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2501A9FD3942EB1485" box="[1196,1232,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">des</emphasis>
|
||
2 placed on central part of epicranium,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25046AFD0547A814E9" box="[367,403,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">des</emphasis>
|
||
3 located on frontal suture,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2507B9FD0544DB14E9" box="[700,736,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">des</emphasis>
|
||
5 located anterolaterally; 2 long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25013BFD05426B14E8" box="[1086,1104,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">fs</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25015EFD05425614E8" box="[1115,1133,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">fs</emphasis>
|
||
4: placed anteromedially,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250087FD0543AF14E8" box="[1410,1428,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">fs</emphasis>
|
||
5 located near to antenna; 2 long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2504FDFD61442D14CD" box="[504,534,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">les</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2507E0FD60453314CC" box="[741,776,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ves</emphasis>
|
||
; all setae (except
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2506D1FD6045CC14CC" box="[980,1015,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ves</emphasis>
|
||
) almost equal in length. Stemmata (2 pairs) well visible. Antennal segment membranous, bearing 1 conical sensorium and 4–5 filiform sensilla.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25002CFD4043BC152E" bold="true" box="[1321,1415,757,782]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
3 times as wide as long with 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25074FFCA34453150F" box="[586,616,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cls</emphasis>
|
||
, placed posterolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD250678FCA345E6150F" box="[893,989,790,815]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2506F5FCA34269150F" bold="true" box="[1008,1106,790,815]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Labrum</emphasis>
|
||
about 2 times as wide as long with 3 long, straight
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25047DFC8D47A51571" box="[376,414,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">lms</emphasis>
|
||
of different length, placed medially or mediolaterally;
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2506F1FC8D42211571" box="[1012,1050,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">lms</emphasis>
|
||
2 somewhat longer than other setae, all
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505BEFCE946DA1555" box="[187,225,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">lms</emphasis>
|
||
exceeding the outline of the labrum; the anterior margin of labrum almost rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD25019CFCE942C01555" box="[1177,1275,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25000AFCE943A01555" bold="true" box="[1295,1435,860,885]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Epipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
with 3 finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250465FCC847BD15B6" box="[352,390,893,918]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">als,</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250779FCCB449515B5" box="[636,686,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ams,</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; and 2 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25014EFCCB424D15B5" box="[1099,1142,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">mes</emphasis>
|
||
(see comments about
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250075FCCB43A715B5" box="[1392,1436,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ams</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505C2FC1546C91597" box="[199,242,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">mes</emphasis>
|
||
in Material and Methods); labral rods (lr) elongated, strongly convergent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD25013EFC2B42A71597" box="[1083,1180,926,951]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2501B7FC2B43181597" bold="true" box="[1202,1315,926,951]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD250030FC2B43AF1597" box="[1333,1428,926,951]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
|
||
) bifid, teeth of almost equal height; with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250766FC7544AD15F9" box="[611,662,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">mds,</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; internal edge with a triangular tooth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250002FC75435A15F9" bold="true" box="[1287,1377,960,985]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD250075FC7546FA15DA" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25048DFC56478815DA" box="[392,435,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">stps</emphasis>
|
||
and 2 very long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25076CFC5744B215DA" box="[617,649,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
, placed ventrolaterally; 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25011DFC54427F15DA" box="[1048,1092,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
, situated ventrally. Mala with 7
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250592FBB646F8123C" box="[151,195,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length and 3 straight
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250742FBB14449123B" box="[583,626,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, almost equal in length. Maxillary palpi with two palpomeres of almost equal length; basal palpomere with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25073DFB90444A121C" box="[568,625,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">mxps</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomere with a group of 7 conical, cuticular processes apically; each palpomere with a sensillum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25070EFBF044AF127E" bold="true" box="[523,660,1093,1118]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Praelabium</emphasis>
|
||
heart-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD250633FBF045AE127E" box="[822,917,1093,1118]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
|
||
), with 3 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25016CFBF042AA127E" box="[1129,1169,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
and 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250017FBF34372127D" box="[1298,1353,1094,1117]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">prms</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial palpi with two palpomeres, relatively elongated; both palpomeres almost equal in length; praemental sclerite well visible.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505EAFB3D47481281" bold="true" box="[239,371,1160,1185]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Postlabium</emphasis>
|
||
with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2504CEFB3C47CC1280" box="[459,503,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length:
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2507DAFB3C45301280" box="[735,779,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pms</emphasis>
|
||
2 very long, 2 times as long as
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250163FB3C42A91280" box="[1126,1170,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pms</emphasis>
|
||
1 and 3 times as long as
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD250592FB1B46F812E5" box="[151,195,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pms</emphasis>
|
||
3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137928EEFFD6AD2505DCFB19470212E5" box="[217,313,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 – 143" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[328,1323,222,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[215,1366,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 139 – 143. Otiorhynchus crataegi; mature larva and mouthparts. 139 — dorsal view of head, 140 — labrum and clypeus, 141 — epipharynx, 142 — left mandible, 143 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s., so — sensory organ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35867E0FFD6AD2505C2FB6542FC12C9" box="[199,1223,1232,1257]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD346BFFD6AD2505C2FB6542FC12C9" blockId="47.[151,1436,285,1257]" box="[199,1223,1232,1257]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD2505C2FB6547FB12C9" bold="true" box="[199,448,1232,1257]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. See “Key to larvae of selected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424FE8FFD6AD25061BFB65458812C9" box="[798,947,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936E879FFD6AD25061BFB65458812C9" box="[798,947,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Otiorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species” and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C001D0FFD6AD25014CFB65429E12C9" box="[1097,1189,1232,1257]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of characteristic body parts of the studied Otiorhynchus species. HW—head width, HH—head height, BL—body length, BH—body height, median—median value. Data for three additional species (*) taken from Gosik & Sprick (2012 b). All measurements in [mm]." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C001D0FFD6AD2501B7FB6442F912C9" box="[1202,1218,1233,1257]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="50.[119,204,590,612]" captionText="TABLE 2. Number οf setae οf the studied Otiorhynchus species ∶ A- indefinitus, B- raucus, C- sulcatus, D- singularis, E- armatus, F- armadillo, G- aurifer, Hmeridionalis, I- clavipes, J- fuscipes, K- lugdunensis, L- ovatus, M- crataegi, N- rugosostriatus." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |