475 lines
62 KiB
XML
475 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D089A0DFD52D100864614BAA4511A896">Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4999CED73724B70D2CA59872E3CAAB3C">Duran, Daniel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94088C44BF62C9668FC460C74762CAC3">Herrmann, David P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4D9A7F6E1E06315D2B88DDC3458E1A6">Roman, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FFD3975CBB7EA995E6342845A1F91BA7">Gwiazdowski, Rodger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2EAFEA79477F5CDAEAF003EAA788CE5">Drummond, Jennifer A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEA6F1E827E1DF00196D9EEB900AB9EB">Hood, Glen R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B946F363020A6C07E8C009D56FF90C5">Egan, Scott P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CCA791D1B86885E3D00B981174DA5311">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BC509AF77575CF9807C49FC6BEB1F5E4">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6EABFE3DB3305A6F15D41AB21471F10E">2018-09-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C8C4A15D2030B60BC4C2490D858858FB">186</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B83387B9FF97F129FF6679E2FF2DE851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942799" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157232844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B83387B9FF97F129FF6679E2FF2DE851" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B83387B9FF97F129FF6679E2FF2DE851" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F12FFF6679E2FD71EAD1" box="[224,681,1459,1483]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFF6679E2FD71EAD1" blockId="19.[224,681,1459,1522]" box="[224,681,1459,1483]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFF6679E2FD71EAD1" allCaps="true" box="[224,681,1459,1483]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFF6679E2FDCDEAD0" ID-CoL="37QDY" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[224,533,1460,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFF6679E2FDCDEAD0" box="[224,533,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">DROMOCHORUS BELFRAGEI</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="540B4B5EFF97F12FFD9A79E5FD71EAD1" author="Salle A." box="[540,681,1459,1483]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (Bulletin des Seances) Ser 5" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" pagination="7 - 8" part="7" refId="ref28062" refString="Salle A. 1877. Note sur le genre Dromochorus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (Bulletin des Seances) Ser 5 7: 7 - 8." title="Note sur le genre Dromochorus" type="journal article" year="1877">SALLÉ, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F12FFEF1798CFDCAEAE8" box="[375,530,1498,1522]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="description">
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFEF1798CFDCAEAE8" blockId="19.[224,681,1459,1522]" box="[375,530,1498,1522]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFEF1798CFDCAEAE8" allCaps="true" box="[375,530,1498,1522]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="1">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A8A12A2AFF97F12FFE06798CFE04EAEB" box="[384,476,1498,1521]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[166,1441,1284,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1443,1268,1820]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Labial palps of: A, D. pruininus; B, D. belfragei; C, D. knisleyi sp. nov. A and B illustrate labial palps with a contrasting darker apical segment, and C illustrates labial palps that are consistently dark throughout." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3089275/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">FIGS 7B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A8A12A2AFF97F12FFE6F798CFDD1EAEB" box="[489,521,1498,1522]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,196,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[164,1406,196,1806]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal habitus for species of Dromochorus. A, D.pruininus; B, D.belfragei; C, D. knisleyi sp. nov.; D, D. minimus sp. nov.; E, D. chaparralensis sp. nov.; F, D. welderensis sp. nov.; G, D. velutinigrens; H, D. pilatei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3089287/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">9B</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F12FFF177A46FE1EE95E" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFF177A46FEE3E93F" blockId="19.[145,454,1552,1604]" box="[145,315,1552,1573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFF177A46FEE3E93F" box="[145,315,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Common name</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFF177A78FE1EE95E" blockId="19.[145,454,1552,1604]" box="[145,454,1582,1604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Loamy-ground tiger beetle.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F12FFF177A0AFE8AE9F7" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFF177A0AFEF4E969" blockId="19.[145,761,1627,1773]" box="[145,300,1627,1651]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFF177A0AFEF4E969" box="[145,300,1627,1651]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFF177A0AFEF4E969" box="[145,300,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Type locality</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFF177A2AFE8AE9F7" blockId="19.[145,761,1627,1773]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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‘Texas–Dallas, Wasco (presumed to be a misspelling of Waco), etc., on the banks of the Trinity River’ (English translation). Syntypes unknown, probably in MHNP (
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<bibRefCitation id="540B4B5EFF97F12FFF1F7A8EFE9AE9F7" author="Bousquet Y." box="[153,322,1752,1773]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" pagination="1 - 1630" part="245" refId="ref25254" refString="Bousquet Y. 2012. Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico. ZooKeys 245: 1 - 1630." title="Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico" type="journal article" year="2012">Bousquet 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F12FFF177B53FB69EE52" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFF177B53FEC8E806" blockId="19.[145,761,1797,1882]" box="[145,272,1797,1820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFF177B53FEC8E806" box="[145,272,1797,1820]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFF177B53FEC8E806" box="[145,272,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Synonymy</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFF177B73FEFFE840" blockId="19.[145,761,1797,1882]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFF177B73FDB8E820" ID-CoL="37QDZ" authority="Heyne, 1893" authorityName="Heyne" authorityYear="1893" box="[145,608,1829,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellefragei">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFF177B73FE66E820" box="[145,446,1829,1850]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus bellefragei</emphasis>
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Heyne, 1893
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</taxonomicName>
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(unjustified emendation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF7C90FB32EFC6" blockId="19.[809,1258,198,220]" box="[809,1258,198,220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCAF7C90FB3EEFC6" ID-CoL="6DKDC" authority="Casey, 1897: 294" authorityName="Casey" authorityPageNumber="294" authorityYear="1897" box="[809,1254,198,220]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7C90FBF8EFC6" box="[809,1056,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus sericeus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="540B4B5EFF97F12FFBA17C91FB3EEFC6" author="Casey TL" box="[1063,1254,199,220]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" pagination="285 - 684" part="9" refId="ref25396" refString="Casey TL. 1897. Coleopterological notices VII. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 9: 285 - 684." title="Coleopterological notices VII" type="journal article" year="1897">Casey, 1897: 294</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF7CA2FC1CEE11" blockId="19.[809,1424,243,328]" box="[809,964,243,267]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFCAF7CA2FC1CEE11" box="[809,964,243,267]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7CA2FC1CEE11" box="[809,964,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Type locality</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF7D42FB69EE52" blockId="19.[809,1424,243,328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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‘Texas’. Two syntypes in USNM, Washington DC (synonymy established by
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<bibRefCitation id="540B4B5EFF97F12FFBA37D65FB7AEE52" author="Leng CW" box="[1061,1186,307,328]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" pagination="93 - 186" part="28" refId="ref27195" refString="Leng CW. 1902. Revision of the Cicindelidae of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 28: 93 - 186." title="Revision of the Cicindelidae of boreal America" type="journal article" year="1902">Leng, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F12FFCAF7D35FBFEEC3D" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF7D35FBD6EE60" blockId="19.[809,1425,354,807]" box="[809,1038,354,378]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFCAF7D35FBD6EE60" box="[809,1038,354,378]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7D35FBD6EE60" box="[809,1038,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF7DD4FBFEEC3D" blockId="19.[809,1425,354,807]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
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<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCAF7DD4FBF2EE8D" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,1066,386,407]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7DD4FBF2EE8D" box="[809,1066,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus belfragei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been a catch-all taxon, and many populations of
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<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB907DF7FB76EEAC" box="[1046,1198,417,438]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB907DF7FB76EEAC" box="[1046,1198,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were lumped under this name in the literature or in museum collections prior to this revision.
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<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB9B7D88FADCEEE9" box="[1053,1284,478,499]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilatei">
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<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB9B7D88FADCEEE9" box="[1053,1284,478,499]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus pilatei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFABD7D89FC4AED09" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinigrens">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFABD7D89FC4AED09" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. velutinigrens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the only nominal taxa that have never been considered conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB1B7E4AFAC6ED2B" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1181,1310,540,561]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB1B7E4AFAC6ED2B" box="[1181,1310,540,561]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on morphology, ecology, biogeography, mtDNA genealogy and multilocus genetic data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFBE87E0CFB37ED74" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1134,1263,601,623]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFBE87E0CFB37ED74" box="[1134,1263,601,623]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB7B7E0CFA51ED75" box="[1277,1417,602,623]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) is circumscribed as a separate species from three other distinct species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFC627EC1FBACEDB6" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1897" box="[996,1140,663,684]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFC627EC1FBACEDB6" box="[996,1140,663,684]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB047EC1FB21EDB1" authority="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan, 2019" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1154,1273,662,684]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB047EC1FB21EDB1" box="[1154,1273,662,684]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19DD57C6FF97F12FFA867EC1FA86EDB6" box="[1280,1374,663,684]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFA867EC1FA86EDB6" bold="true" box="[1280,1374,663,684]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCAF7EE0FC6CEDD1" authority="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan, 2019" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,948,694,715]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7EE0FC6CEDD1" box="[809,948,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19DD57C6FF97F12FFC3A7EE3FBF8EDD0" box="[956,1056,693,714]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFC3A7EE3FBF8EDD0" bold="true" box="[956,1056,693,714]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Occasional hybridization with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCAF7E82FC47EDF3" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,927,724,745]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7E82FC47EDF3" box="[809,927,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been observed where their ranges come in contact, and this is further supported by evidence of mtDNA introgression.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F12FFCAF7F68FADEEA5A" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF7F68FC18EC4C" blockId="19.[809,1425,830,1344]" box="[809,960,830,854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFCAF7F68FC18EC4C" box="[809,960,830,854]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7F68FC18EC4C" box="[809,960,830,854]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF7F08FADEEA5A" blockId="19.[809,1425,830,1344]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCAF7F08FBE5EC69" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,1085,862,883]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF7F08FBE5EC69" box="[809,1085,862,883]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to occur from the north-western panhandle of Texas and southern Oklahoma to south-eastern Texas. Previous literature described a more extensive range from south-eastern Colorado (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="540B4B5EFF97F12FFC197F8FFBA7ECF4" author="Michels GJ Jr & Newton JL & Lindon HL & Brazille JA" box="[927,1151,985,1007]" journalOrPublisher="Bushland, TX: a report to the US Army and US Fish and Wildlife Service. Texas AgriLife Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" refId="ref27347" refString="Michels GJ Jr, Newton JL, Lindon HL, Brazille JA. 2008. Invertebrate distribution and diversity assessment at the U. S. Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site. Bushland, TX: a report to the US Army and US Fish and Wildlife Service. Texas AgriLife Research." title="Invertebrate distribution and diversity assessment at the U. S. Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Michels
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB867F8CFBE2ECF4" box="[1024,1082,985,1007]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to Tamaulipas, Mexico (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="540B4B5EFF97F12FFCB77FAEFC1CEB14" author="Cazier MA" box="[817,964,1016,1038]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" pagination="231 - 309" part="103" refId="ref25454" refString="Cazier MA. 1954. A review of the Mexican tiger beetles of the genus Cicindela (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 103: 231 - 309." title="A review of the Mexican tiger beetles of the genus Cicindela (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)" type="journal article" year="1954">Cazier, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The former record now appears to be an error (Michels, pers. comm., 2015), and the latter would appear to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB147860FABCEB50" authority="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan, 2019" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1170,1380,1077,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaparralensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB147860FABCEB50" box="[1170,1380,1077,1099]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. chaparralensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19DD57C6FF97F12FFAEA7863FC85EB73" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFAEA7863FC85EB73" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
One specimen from the AMNH was labelled ‘St. George, Utah’, although this locality would not appear plausible. The range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFBB278C4FB6EEBBC" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1076,1206,1169,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFBB278C4FB6EEBBC" box="[1076,1206,1169,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes close to several other species. In particular,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB2778E6FAFCEBDF" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1185,1316,1200,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB2778E6FAFCEBDF" box="[1185,1316,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nearly sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFC597899FBAAEBFE" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1897" box="[991,1138,1231,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFC597899FBAAEBFE" box="[991,1138,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several places (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A8A12A2AFF97F12FFACC7898FA52EBF9" box="[1354,1418,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[163,241,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,581,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1443,581,1767]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Distributionof sampled Dromochorus populations.Colours correspondto those used in Figure 1. Green = D.pilatei, pink = D. welderensis sp. nov., sky blue = D. velutinigrens, red = D. chaparralensis sp. nov., blue = D. pruininus, lime green = D. knisleyi sp. nov., orange = D. minimus sp. nov., black = D. belfragei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3089261/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCD178B8FC37EA19" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1897" box="[855,1007,1262,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCD178B8FC37EA19" box="[855,1007,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
account). In eastern and southern Bexar County, TX, this species is found sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCE5797DFC02EA25" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[867,986,1322,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCE5797DFC02EA25" box="[867,986,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFBFD797DFB27EA5A" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1147,1279,1323,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFBFD797DFB27EA5A" box="[1147,1279,1323,1344]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="78806524FF97F128FCAF793DFD8BEB02" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="270" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF793DFC7AEA98" blockId="19.[809,1425,1387,1808]" box="[809,930,1387,1410]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<heading id="6B6D81C3FF97F12FFCAF793DFC7AEA98" box="[809,930,1387,1410]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCAF793DFC7AEA98" box="[809,930,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCAF79DCFC47E9AE" blockId="19.[809,1425,1387,1808]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
|
||
This species can be distinguished from all other similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCD779FFFC33EAA4" box="[849,1003,1449,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCD779FFFC33EAA4" box="[849,1003,1449,1470]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of finely to coarsely pitted black elytra that are not frosted in texture, in conjunction with maxillary palpi that have the apical segment darkest, with dark yellow-ochre to dark amber coloration in other segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A8A12A2AFF97F12FFBFF7A72FB6FE923" box="[1145,1207,1572,1594]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[163,241,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[330,1279,195,1055]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[323,1283,195,1055]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. A, Elytra showing distinct punctures (foveae) running parallel to the suture of the elytra (D. knisleyi sp. nov.). B, lack of distinct subsutural foveae (D. welderensis sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3089283/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCC57A15FC1CE94D" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[835,964,1602,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCC57A15FC1CE94D" box="[835,964,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess at least small subsutural foveae, but these lack metallic reflections. Southern and eastern populations may have subtle dark infuscations on the elytra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F12FFCC77AEBFACEE80A" blockId="19.[809,1425,1387,1808]" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCC77AEBFB9DE9C8" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[833,1093,1725,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCC77AEBFB9DE9C8" box="[833,1093,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely to be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCE07A8AFC26E9EB" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1897" box="[870,1022,1756,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCE07A8AFCA1E9EB" box="[870,889,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFC0F7A8AFC26E9EB" box="[905,1022,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB8B7A8AFBB1E9EB" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1037,1129,1756,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB8B7A8AFBB1E9EB" box="[1037,1129,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFB177A8AFAC2E9EB" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1169,1306,1756,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="welderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFB177A8AFAC2E9EB" box="[1169,1306,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">welderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It can be separated from these taxa by the following:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF97F128FCAF7B70FE61EE4D" blockId="19.[809,1425,1830,1883]" lastBlockId="20.[163,779,198,1048]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="270" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF97F12FFCCD7B70FBBFE826" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1897" box="[843,1127,1830,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF97F12FFCCD7B70FBBFE826" box="[843,1127,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="269">Dromochorus pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a frosted blue sheen on the elytra and the entire dorsal surface, and it lacks any pits or subsutural foveae. The maxillary palpi in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FEAD7CB0FE1CEFE1" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1897" box="[299,452,230,251]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FEAD7CB0FE1CEFE1" box="[299,452,230,251]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are pale yellow-ochre with a dark apical segment, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FDC87D52FD01EE03" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[590,729,260,281]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FDC87D52FD01EE03" box="[590,729,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has darker yellow-red to red testaceous palpi with a dark apical segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF90F128FF257D36FD5FEC7A" blockId="20.[163,779,198,1048]" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">
|
||
2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FF437D36FE65EE6F" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[197,445,352,373]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FF437D36FE65EE6F" box="[197,445,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Dromochorus knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FDD37D36FD0FEE6F" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[597,727,352,373]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FDD37D36FD0FEE6F" box="[597,727,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but has more prominent subsutural foveae, often with bright metallic blue, green or gold reflections. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FF437DEAFE9CEECB" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[197,324,444,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FF437DEAFE9CEECB" box="[197,324,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the maxillary palpi are always dark in all segments, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FD8E7D8DFD54EEF5" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[520,652,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FD8E7D8DFD54EEF5" box="[520,652,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the apical segment is darker than the preceding. Infuscations are always present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FE4B7E4EFD91ED37" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[461,585,536,557]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FE4B7E4EFD91ED37" box="[461,585,536,557]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are usually absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FEB87E61FE1FED51" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[318,455,566,588]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FEB87E61FE1FED51" box="[318,455,566,588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ecologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FDF77E61FD36ED51" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[625,750,566,588]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knisleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FDF77E61FD36ED51" box="[625,750,566,588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. knisleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in upland juniper woodland in the Edwards Plateau, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FEE07E22FE37ED93" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[358,495,628,649]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FEE07E22FE37ED93" box="[358,495,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found outside of this region, in clay soils associated with larger riparian systems. The two species appear to hybridize along a narrow contact zone at the edge of the Balcones Escarpment in south-eastern and south-central Texas. Both species and their hybrids may be found in this area. The existence of a hybrid zone was further supported by mtDNA data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A8A12A2AFF90F128FDBF7F1CFDAFEC45" box="[569,631,842,864]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[162,242,1619,1641]" captionTargetBox="[266,1340,196,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[265,1340,195,1577]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2A. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase b (Cytb) Bayesian genealogy of all members of the genus Dromochorus. Outgroups include North American representatives of Cylindera and Cicindelidia. On the left is a reduced version of the full tree indicating clades shown, in detail, in each figure. Colours are arbitrarily chosen to show distinctions among the taxa, and directly correspond to populations shown in Figure 3. Only posterior support values above 60 are displayed, and the scale bar at bottom shows a branch length representing nucleotide substitutions per site. Taxon names include the unique specimen number (see also Supporting Information, Table S1), along with the state and collection locality; genomic material from specimens marked with a ~ were also used in the multilocus analysis (Figure 4), and holotypes of species described in this work are marked with an ‘H’. The longitudinal bars on the right identify specimens and clades historically considered to be a single species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3089247/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF90F128FF257F3FFD8BEB02" blockId="20.[163,779,198,1048]" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FF437F3FFE25EC64" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[197,509,873,894]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="welderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FF437F3FFE25EC64" box="[197,509,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Dromochorus welderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a smooth velvety black elytral surface (may have metallic blue-violet reflections), and never has pitting or subsutural foveae. The maxillary palpi are always dark in all segments, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FE4D7FB2FD89ECE3" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[459,593,996,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FE4D7FB2FD89ECE3" box="[459,593,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the apical segment is darker than the preceding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="78806524FF90F129FF25781EFD16EE22" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF90F128FF25781EFEF7EB45" blockId="20.[163,779,1096,1886]" box="[163,303,1096,1119]" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<heading id="6B6D81C3FF90F128FF25781EFEF7EB45" box="[163,303,1096,1119]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FF25781EFEF7EB45" box="[163,303,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF90F128FF25783EFB97EDB2" blockId="20.[163,779,1096,1886]" lastBlockId="20.[827,1443,198,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">
|
||
Medium- to large-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF90F128FE41783EFDB0EB67" box="[455,616,1128,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FE41783EFDB0EB67" box="[455,616,1128,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Dromochorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Body length 11.6–15.2 mm, mean ♀ 14.5 mm, mean ♂ 13.2 mm. Head slightly wider than pronotum.
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FDD778F3FE29EA0D" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Head predominantly black with blue reflections mostly concentrated near the anterior margin and edges of the supraorbital region</emphasis>
|
||
. Fine rugosity often present on the frons and vertex. All head portions glabrous except for two supraorbital setae next to each eye. Frons concave in median area, especially in male, bulging towards slightly convex near anterior margin, clearly delimited from clypeus, gradually blending into vertex. Genae bright polished metallic violet to blue, with shallow, longitudinal striae gradually ending at border of vertex. Clypeus mostly black, with patches of metallic blue or violet reflections; clypeus may be nearly entirely blue to violet in females. Male labrum tridentate with 6–8 setae, central area pale ochre-testaceous, with a thin dark-brown to black bor- der posteriorly and sometimes anteriorly, dark-brown to black laterally; in some populations, the pale central area of the labrum may exist as a small spot, in others the pale area may cover more than two-thirds of the total labrum surface; female labrum tridentate with 6–8 setae, entirely dark-brown to black with polished metallic cupreous to green reflections.
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FCBD7C90FA45EE03" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Maxillary and labial palpi with apical segment darker than other segments; basal to penultimate segments yellow-ochre to dark red-amber</emphasis>
|
||
, often with metallic purple and green reflections. Antennae normal length, reaching back to humerus and basal third of elytron, slightly longer in male than female; scape dark testaceous to black with metallic reflections of violet, cupreous and green, with 2–3 apical setae; pedicel dark testaceous with metallic reflections of violet, cupreous and green, lacking any setae; flagellum dark testaceous, antennomeres 3–4 with metallic violet and green reflections, densely clothed in short white setae, antennomeres 5–11 dulltextured without metallic reflections and possessing erect setae in apical rings only, covered with fine pubescence throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF90F128FCBD7E8FFB4FEAD4" blockId="20.[827,1443,729,1487]" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FCBD7E8FFC4AEDF4" box="[827,914,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Pronotum 2.5–3.4 mm in length, mean ♀ 3.1 mm, mean ♂ 2.8 mm; width 2.8–3.6 mm, mean ♀ 3.4 mm, mean ♂ 3.1 mm. Pronotum black, with some dark-blue reflections, especially in sulci, slightly wider than long, widest near anterior margin, width to length ratio 1.0 to 1.2, setae sparse to regularly spaced, mostly present along lateral third of dorsal surface; disc finely rugose, with thin but distinct median line, with well-defined shallow sulci present anteriorly and posteriorly; notopleural sutures clearly defined, not visible from dorsal view; proepisternum black with weak to strong iridescent blue reflections, glabrous. Elytra convex, elongate, 7.1–9.7 mm length, mean ♀ 8.8 mm, mean ♂ 8.2 mm, shape similar in both sexes, but slightly wider in female, especially toward apical third; sutural spine absent, microserrations not present on elytral apices;
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FB1B7892FB48EAD4" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">elytral texture dull, with regular small pits present throughout disk, elytral coloration black, often with blue reflections near humeral region; elytral maculations absent; infuscations rarely present; subsutural foveae, when present, only slightly more prominent than other pits on the elytral disk; subsutural foveae lacking bright metallic reflections, except rarely in basal area</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF90F128FCBD79AEFA57E845" blockId="20.[827,1443,1527,1887]" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF90F128FCBD79AEFCA9E917" box="[827,881,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="270">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Pro-, meso- and metacoxae dark testaceous to black with iridescent blue to violet and cupreous reflections, with numerous setae; pro- and meso- trochanters with a single erect seta, metatrochanter glabrous, trochanters dark brown-testaceous, dark brown-testaceous; femora black with metallic violet and green reflections, densely clothed in decumbent white setae; tibiae testaceous brown, clothed with setae of two types: sparser brown-testaceous long setae and dense short decumbent white setae; two tibial spines present; tarsi brown-testaceous, first three dilated protarsomeres in male with dense greyish-white setal pad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF91F129FF177C90FD16EE22" blockId="21.[145,761,198,312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF177C90FF24EFC1" box="[145,252,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Venter mostly black with occasional metallic violet reflections. Decumbent white setae present on ventrite 1. Ventrites 2–6 have sparse, short, brown erect setae present throughout, but often abraded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="78806524FF91F129FF177D03FF2DE851" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF91F129FF177D03FE61EE77" blockId="21.[145,762,341,1867]" box="[145,441,341,365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<heading id="6B6D81C3FF91F129FF177D03FE61EE77" box="[145,441,341,365]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF177D03FE61EE77" box="[145,441,341,365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Ecology/natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF91F129FF177D23FDBAEEFD" blockId="21.[145,762,341,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FF177D23FE4AEE90" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[145,402,373,394]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF177D23FE4AEE90" box="[145,402,373,394]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Dromochorus belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults are active between mid- May and early July in most of its range (e.g. central to north TX) and late June to late July in northern part of its range (e.g. OK to panhandle of TX).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF91F129FF2F7DA6FF29EB37" blockId="21.[145,762,341,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FF2F7DA6FE76ED1F" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[169,430,496,517]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF2F7DA6FE76ED1F" box="[169,430,496,517]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Dromochorus belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in natural and managed forested and agricultural areas (e.g. pecan groves) that have semi-open shaded areas or trails beneath the canopy. Soils in these areas can be dark, red to black in color, clay to clay-loam, cracked and sometimes moist in low areas that are heavily trampled by cattle. Adult beetles tend to avoid the lighter coloured sandy areas that are exposed to full sunlight on the forest edges. Despite the common name, this species appears more closely associated with soils that possess high clay content, more so than loam. The preferred habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FE037F14FDD5EC4C" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[389,525,833,855]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FE037F14FDD5EC4C" box="[389,525,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally associated with larger riparian systems, although the beetles are not typically found near the water’s edge and we have found them over 3 km from water. They appear to have a wider ecological niche than most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FDDA7FEAFD2BECCB" box="[604,755,956,977]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FDDA7FEAFD2BECCB" box="[604,755,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Dromochorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; their habitat and geographic distribution encompass a larger number of ecoregions than other species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A8A12A2AFF91F129FD357FAFFD2AEB14" box="[691,754,1017,1039]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[163,241,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,581,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1443,581,1767]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Distributionof sampled Dromochorus populations.Colours correspondto those used in Figure 1. Green = D.pilatei, pink = D. welderensis sp. nov., sky blue = D. velutinigrens, red = D. chaparralensis sp. nov., blue = D. pruininus, lime green = D. knisleyi sp. nov., orange = D. minimus sp. nov., black = D. belfragei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3089261/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="7D180314FF91F129FF17784EFF3BEB37" box="[145,227,1048,1070]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[145,209,1236,1257]" captionText="Table 1. Dromochorus species occurrence in EPA Level III ecoregions (Omernik & Griffith 2014). Values indicate the percentage of each species’ presence in each of 15 ecoregions" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF91F129FF2F7860FDCEE94C" blockId="21.[145,762,341,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FF2F7860FE76EB51" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[169,430,1078,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF2F7860FE76EB51" box="[169,430,1078,1099]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Dromochorus belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FE6E7861FDA2EB56" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1897" box="[488,634,1079,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FE6E7861FDA2EB56" box="[488,634,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have similar but non-overlapping ranges, and they may be separated by ecological barriers, at least in some areas. In the DFW area of North Texas, the species has been reported a few kilometers from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FE7B78E4FEC1EBFF" authority="(Pearson et al., 2006)" authorityName="Pearson" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Pearson" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FE7B78E4FD56EBDD" box="[509,654,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="540B4B5EFF91F129FD1B78E7FEC9EBFF" author="Pearson DL & Knisley CB & Kazilek CJ" journalOrPublisher="New York: Oxford University Press" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" refId="ref27624" refString="Pearson DL, Knisley CB, Kazilek CJ. 2006. A field guide to tiger beetles of the United States and Canada: identification, natural history, and distribution of the Cicindelidae. New York: Oxford University Press." title="A field guide to tiger beetles of the United States and Canada: identification, natural history, and distribution of the Cicindelidae" type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Pearson
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF177886FF13EBFF" box="[145,203,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the two appear to be separated by a narrow extension of the EPA Level IV Eastern Cross Timbers ecoregion, which is not suitable for either species. The forested undergrowth of this area is extremely dense in many areas, and may not possess the necessary surface soil conditions for either species to persist.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FF4379D1FE1BEA86" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[197,451,1415,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF4379D1FE1BEA86" box="[197,451,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Dromochorus belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be more susceptible to urbanization than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FEE279F1FE2AEAA6" box="[356,498,1447,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FEE279F1FE2AEAA6" box="[356,498,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as none have been collected in the DFW area (Tarrant Co.) since the 1970s, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FF7C79B2FE57EAE3" box="[250,399,1508,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FF7C79B2FE57EAE3" box="[250,399,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear much more tolerant to these disturbances and may be abundant in semi-open grassy areas where trails have been established in riparian parks (Dallas, Collin Co.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="302536AFFF91F129FF2F7A08FF2DE851" blockId="21.[145,762,341,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">
|
||
Thought to be crepuscular, this species is active throughout the day in shady areas or when overcast. Similar in behaviour to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FE1F7ACAFDFFE9AB" box="[409,551,1692,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruininus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FE1F7ACAFDFFE9AB" box="[409,551,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. pruininus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FDDA7ACAFD1AE9AA" box="[604,706,1691,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilatei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FDDA7ACAFD1AE9AA" box="[604,706,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. pilatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species has been observed using soil cracks for escape, especially during dry conditions when virtisolic cracks are pronounced. Like other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FE567AA1FDB1E816" box="[464,617,1783,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FE567AA1FDB1E816" box="[464,617,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">Dromochorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F79A4D2CFF91F129FDF07AAEFD21E816" authorityName="Duran & Herrmann & Roman & Gwiazdowski & Drummond & Hood & Egan" authorityYear="2019" box="[630,761,1783,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EEEABDFF91F129FDF07AAEFD21E816" box="[630,761,1783,1805]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="271">D. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequently moves to vegetated cover to escape when pursued.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |