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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.47.107485" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-47-29" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E16AA356B7DB551193B984ABDCAF3FF6" ID-ZooBank="01F6ACFD078C472B808CCE774AD6E232" ModsDocID="2367-5365-47-29" checkinTime="1707225078767" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yagi, Sadahisa, Oku, Johei &amp; Hirowatari, Toshiya" docDate="2024" docId="B829326542565E3ABE9D74023A978014" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 47: 29-42" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 47" docPubDate="2024-02-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.47.107485" docTitle="Bucculatrix flavimaculata Yagi &amp; Hirowatari 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DFA961A1-9015-4911-A3A3-EC0C93C35BF8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="E16AA356B7DB551193B984ABDCAF3FF6" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="E16AA356B7DB551193B984ABDCAF3FF6" masterDocTitle="A new Hibiscus - feeding species of Bucculatrix (Bucculatricidae) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1707225381913" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E01DFC3F1282A1098D23990A3509836A">A new Hibiscus - feeding species of Bucculatrix (Bucculatricidae) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E434A859C6D25F8DCD8BFE5791F075DE">Yagi, Sadahisa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="94A7FD77B83350F4878964C5E5658D19" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-1219</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="ED30EBE1D296087B3FEA7FD1165D525D">Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395, Japan; E-mail: yagi. sadahisa @ gmail. com, z 610034 b @ yahoo. co. jp, hirowat _ t @ agr. kyushu-u. ac. jp</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B27E64C3EECA9C1EF8A3CE16E1314B3" type="email">yagi.sadahisa@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0373E5C6A8D221FB548C44FAA5D2114D">Oku, Johei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D3D91A4636F2ADB904AC19FB8741C01" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-398X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="94752EAF43F79B8699EFACB58C6B487A">Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395, Japan; E-mail: yagi. sadahisa @ gmail. com, z 610034 b @ yahoo. co. jp, hirowat _ t @ agr. kyushu-u. ac. jp</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="683837869516955A53F5C31344399DE3">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2061E0E35FD05A79AC4BF7985240AE23" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-2229</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="348B263CB793757C99F11BED9E6F7EFE">Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395, Japan; E-mail: yagi. sadahisa @ gmail. com, z 610034 b @ yahoo. co. jp, hirowat _ t @ agr. kyushu-u. ac. jp</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F5B5050A8BDAD3BE67143CC1A2A7C853">Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F13188BA38A672B72C809ED059285B0C">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B829326542565E3ABE9D74023A978014" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DFA961A1-9015-4911-A3A3-EC0C93C35BF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B829326542565E3ABE9D74023A978014" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="C0BD0C65A60DE94487FBE735A5DC3181" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DDBE642F8B27B0131DDE7B418C2FFE4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="598586A0ACABA81311A2378890D4CE30" LSID="https://zoobank.org/ DFA961A1-9015-4911-A3A3-EC0C93C35BF8" authority="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Bucculatricidae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata" status="sp. nov.">Bucculatrix flavimaculata Yagi &amp; Hirowatari</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BBEE26D09D6ADC93004E65613CF3BBB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7F1EDBBABD91EF9138E670E66E74A873" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B498E4667E3B1B9A12F9970927009CDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BBA6B81E5E1D380A0AE111DA5D58A9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
This species can be easily distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="F077BEA3993425955101A7CC66E52484" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DF95CCACE78ABF631B262B3D860891A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species distributed in the surrounding biogeographic regions by its fuscous forewings mixed with four yellowish cream marking at or near costal margin. The male genitalia are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="E0549239A84B30722DBDE2FE144D5F27" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. firmianella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="firmianella">
<emphasis id="838DEC4FCE2709EF32BB285DAC7F1B56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. firmianella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Group 1 sensu
<bibRefCitation id="4129F82CEABD9E93657AF6388225415F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" author="Kobayashi, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 57" refId="B9" refString="Kobayashi, S, Hirowatari, T, Kuroko, H, 2010. A revision of the Japanese species of the family Bucculatricidae (Lepidoptera). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 61 (1): 1 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" title="A revision of the Japanese species of the family Bucculatricidae (Lepidoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" volume="61" year="2010">Kobayashi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
) in that they share a long and slender socius, a broad valva, and an elongated vinculum. Moreover, they also share an elongated ductus bursae in the female genitalia. However, this species can be distinguished by the trapezoid valva (triangular in
<taxonomicName id="B4A84C428115843E3C92F450E9D8F9E3" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. firmianella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="firmianella">
<emphasis id="07EFE959FF62D3B3E2A15281F33EB616" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. firmianella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and small-scale sac (large in
<taxonomicName id="2E34DF1EDB47CB2265DFFFAED700F48A" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. firmianella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="firmianella">
<emphasis id="23E744C41FF73C65233CB96E5217D498" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. firmianella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in males and the broad lamella antevaginalis with some wrinkles in females (without wrinkles in
<taxonomicName id="C511C46709252C464945FD794BE9A08E" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. firmianella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="firmianella">
<emphasis id="6E4BA61571911F5F71F52A1DF2CB499A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. firmianella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35D8E1794B95EDD2E49ED44DC812130C" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
The male and female genitalia are also similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="16F18B065E13FC3E19569FADCB75E4C8" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix serratella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratella">
<emphasis id="25F07067B1B1B7FB202B978EFE9C31E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix serratella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="420DD90695685A64FA665C3D6AEB965C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" author="Kobayashi, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 57" refId="B9" refString="Kobayashi, S, Hirowatari, T, Kuroko, H, 2010. A revision of the Japanese species of the family Bucculatricidae (Lepidoptera). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 61 (1): 1 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" title="A revision of the Japanese species of the family Bucculatricidae (Lepidoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" volume="61" year="2010">Kobayashi et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
(Groups 8 sensu
<bibRefCitation id="2DE894FD2A6E18D6442A7EC270F54A89" DOI="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" author="Kobayashi, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 57" refId="B9" refString="Kobayashi, S, Hirowatari, T, Kuroko, H, 2010. A revision of the Japanese species of the family Bucculatricidae (Lepidoptera). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 61 (1): 1 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" title="A revision of the Japanese species of the family Bucculatricidae (Lepidoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.61.1_1" volume="61" year="2010">Kobayashi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), which share a long and slender socius and rounded apex of the valva in the male genitalia. They also share the lamella antevaginalis with wrinkles in the female genitalia. However, the species can be distinguished by the absence of a juxta in the male genitalia and long ductus bursae (short in
<taxonomicName id="5871DCC2F833DF8774741D6D5C2B69DD" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. serratella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="serratella">
<emphasis id="2D9CCDC41418AC3B11F64858761253E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. serratella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7A228F9A72F858DDA64E62A7C3877700" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE48585C5012C84FFF5661D22B7CF155" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCBCFDFBA9B2F07E022918CB89445DC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2DC14DA2F96ACAB52E4011FF0D41DF14" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Adult</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="5976494FC95BA8CDE25C5DE31A7347AA" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Adults of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. from the Ogasawara Islands. 1. Male, holotype; 2. Female, paratype, genitalia slide no. SY 1446. Scale bars: 3.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979841" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4960DFA93B088EF10054D415AEBECA01" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Adults of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. from the Ogasawara Islands. 1. Male, holotype; 2. Female, paratype, genitalia slide no. SY 1446. Scale bars: 3.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979841" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">2</figureCitation>
). No sexual dimorphism. Wingspan 3.8-6.6 mm (n = 16; holotype: 6.6 mm). Forewing length 1.7-3.0 mm (n = 16, holotype 3.0 mm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4397E4E55D14974ECDB7DADA1663CE85" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="0089C68C0D96DE1E2069B25373A5A9A7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Head</emphasis>
: Frons pale dark brown with cream scales, apically cream. Vertex cream with dark brown hair-like scales. Antennae filiform, 4/5 of forewing length; scape cream, forming eye-caps with cream hair-like scales ventrally; pedicel cream with dark greyish-brown scales; flagellum dark greyish-brown. Proboscis yellowish cream without scales. Labial palpus short, cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D5188CDE761BDC1339DE6491EE409C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="A746944DD3E6B2E3D5ED49D49C2D4F14" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Thorax</emphasis>
: Fuscous with cream scales dorsally, dark greyish-brown laterally. Forecoxa to forefemur cream; fore tibia greyish-brown dorsally, yellowish-cream ventrally; fore tarsomere yellowish-cream basally and ventrally, greyish-brown dorso-apically; mid-coxa to mid-femur cream; mid-tibia greyish-brown with yellowish cream marking middle dorsally; mid-tarsomere yellowish cream basally and ventrally, greyish-brown dorso-apically; hind coxa to hind femur cream. hind tibia greyish-brown with long hairs dorsally, yellowish cream with long hairs ventrally; hind-tarsomere yellowish cream basally and ventrally, greyish-brown dorso-apically. Forewing lanceolate, ground colour fuscous with four inconspicuous cream to dark yellow spots or markings on basally, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 of forewing; basal marking slender strip, not reaching inner margin; marking at 1/4 divided into two or three spots at middle of forewing; spot at 1/2 at costal margin; marking at 3/4 divided into two spots at costal margin and tornus, tornus spot larger than costal spot; black erected spot at basal 2/5 of forewing near inner margin (Figs
<figureCitation id="ED1C0791229F5D05435372F762E82498" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Biology and habitat of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. (continued) 19, 20. Last instar larva; 21. Cocoon; 22. Cocoon with pupal exuviae; 23, 24. Adult." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979845" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69EE6B1D73B3D1644D17244100D04F41" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Biology and habitat of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. (continued) 19, 20. Last instar larva; 21. Cocoon; 22. Cocoon with pupal exuviae; 23, 24. Adult." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979845" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">24</figureCitation>
); fringe dark greyish-brown. Hindwing greyish-brown; fringe greyish-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51DF64F95866F1B7A0C76B73149262BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="3CF160C505A56A54D08C8F89454E39F3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Greyish-brown dorsally, cream ventrally. Scale sac small, ovate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C40CA5B91A71F1FD8B40C9CA3804A3AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2516556CD639C58E827DF3C2D9F6A9C8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="AE580656AD4891D9642717D4DBBFB01D" captionStart="Figures 3–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Male genitalia of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. 3. Holotype, genitalia slide no. SY 1459; 4, 5, 8, 9. Paratype, genitalia slide no. Bonin 000032; 6, 7. Paratype, genitalia slide no. SY 1457; 3, 4. Whole genitalia, lateral view; 5. Whole genitalia, dorsal view; 6. Genitalia except phallus and left valva, ventral view; 7. Phallus; 8. Anellus, ventral view; 9. Scale sac. Scale bars: 300 μm (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9); 100 μm (8)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979842" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3-9</figureCitation>
): Uncus and gnathos absent. Socius elongated, apical half with setae, apex slightly broad. Tegumen narrow with one pair of small lobes with setae laterally. Vinculum developed and elongated with a broadly roundish tip. Valva trapezoid, apex slightly broad and roundish. Anellus membranous covered with minute sclerites (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2742BB2A8E7B89546315FDE35A550981" captionStart="Figures 3–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Male genitalia of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. 3. Holotype, genitalia slide no. SY 1459; 4, 5, 8, 9. Paratype, genitalia slide no. Bonin 000032; 6, 7. Paratype, genitalia slide no. SY 1457; 3, 4. Whole genitalia, lateral view; 5. Whole genitalia, dorsal view; 6. Genitalia except phallus and left valva, ventral view; 7. Phallus; 8. Anellus, ventral view; 9. Scale sac. Scale bars: 300 μm (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9); 100 μm (8)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979842" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">8</figureCitation>
). Phallus elongated, J-shaped, tapered toward tip, slightly curved and crinkled posteriorly; with a U-shaped lobe basally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AE546671BD37CEA8FB15CB823610C328" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979841" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figures 1, 2" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="E2337EBD7743D4E723A3ED94FF25BF9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="E9ED456B61C4A002892E1702A34A1317" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figures 1, 2.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="9B20FE7111716963C04C28008842E5AF" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="60A9C1F608B43602C4EF32F9C49C386C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. from the Ogasawara Islands.
<emphasis id="A2A3EA3E868F9B9A7A6B2C21F06B05F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1.</emphasis>
Male, holotype;
<emphasis id="CC62D557E5925B31A02CE8DB04BFFBA1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">2.</emphasis>
Female, paratype, genitalia slide no. SY1446. Scale bars: 3.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C0CAD49A0F12E85D547A415105CC34C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="6B8A3B4F67A14B1294A2BE0A647E14A5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="A01E3B5F2F23F97547B864330A47443C" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov., paratype. 10. Whole genitalia, ventral view, genitalia slide no. SY 1446; 11. Terminal segment, genitalia slide no. SY 1447; 12. Signum, genitalia slide no. SY 1447. Scale bars: 500 μm (10); 200 μm (11, 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979843" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">10-12</figureCitation>
). Papilla analis moderately long, tapering toward the tip. Apophysis posterioris slender, longer than eighth segment. Apophysis anterioris absent. Ostium bursae broad. Lamella antevaginalis broad with several horizontal wrinkles. Antrum elongated, bar-shaped, and slightly shorter than posterior apophysis. Ductus bursae narrow and elongated, longer than corpus bursae. Corpus bursae anteriorly broad, posteriorly tapering toward ductus bursae, with significant signa. Signa arranged in two rows; each signum forming posterior row with sharp internal spine; that of anterior row with blunt internal process. Ductus seminalis slender, arising near border of ductus bursae and corpus bursae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6BD73420209C66539CBAFA2DF7DE6831" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="type material">
<paragraph id="DEDE3A353634559C1C84631D6E7F9354" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99B5546C284724B22737AC96CB9D987A" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="DA1FE87605266FB5E24C78C610B97786" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Holotype.</emphasis>
♂; '[JPN: Ogasawara Isls.] Higashidaira, Chichijima Is., Ogasawara-mura; 18.vi.2022 larva; S. Yagi leg.', 'M2808; Host:
<taxonomicName id="ED6ED76202F233E761F25A11D0EA7AD9" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus glaber" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glaber">
<emphasis id="50D894BA41B0FBAAF2468654FB659938" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hibiscus glaber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 4.vii.2022 em.', genitalia slide no. SY1459(♂); Sample ID for DNA analysis: SaY892; Collection ID: ELKU-I-L-Bonin 0000155; deposited in ELKU.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A328F671F2F1E25CFE5B997CEEBDE803" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="88AADA4767DCD2A2794D89051A78844E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Paratypes.</emphasis>
[Chichijima Is.] • 1♂; same locality and collector; 26.vi.2022 Sweeping; genitalia slide no./Sample ID: SY1457(♂)/Jo000031; ELKU. [Hahajima Is.] • 6♂7♀; Ogasawara-mura, Hahajima Is., Igumadani; 22.vi.2022; Host:
<taxonomicName id="B746DF917805AB9DEC3A8BEF39624F83" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus glaber" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glaber">
<emphasis id="8EBB3AA31363EDFBC5DA4695AE24E4AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hibiscus glaber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2-6.vii.2022 em.; S. Yagi leg.; genitalia slide no./Sample ID: SY1307(♂)/SaY737, SY1446(♀)/SaY887, SY1447(♀)/SaY888, Bonin000032(♂)/Jo000032, Bonin000033(♂)/Jo000033; ELKU • 1♂1♀; Ogasawara-mura, Hahajima Is., Chibusayama; 21.vi.2022 larva; Host:
<taxonomicName id="6C3C0F09E1D67CECCDF303C5BFC186B1" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus glaber" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glaber">
<emphasis id="FCC9BA80972EE5719B102D021AB832D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hibiscus glaber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2-4.vii.2022 em.; S. Yagi leg.; genitalia slide no./Sample ID: SY1458/Jo000030; ELKU.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30D5A5F6FD4A22F8273762633A23A750" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="host">
<paragraph id="2218952A6AA6735DEAB5634D6E3C0C93" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Host plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F7C42802B3F0227600D22381C194239" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="FF6161378F25B5929D6294BA026F231B" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus glaber" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glaber">
<emphasis id="003E84A20D9F967D8188A057E13C096D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hibiscus glaber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Matsum. ex Hatt.) Matsum. ex Nakai (
<taxonomicName id="3BBA11E374C6272FDAE6275960B9EC92" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B7DE20D1E2D53F669475175663B95AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="03866E916E012FC45EB6A86A6021855E" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Biology</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5A9C5F33292ACCCEBC10BE5033800D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="176BFE80E50B2EA9508162D42BDB4BB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
(Figs
<figureCitation id="CC388635F0C18B5D17EB17F541328CAB" captionStart="Figures 13–18" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 13 - 18. Biology and habitat of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. Biology and habitat of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. 13. Host plant, Hibiscus glaber at Chibusayama, Hahajima Is.; 14. Leaf with mines and traces of feeding at Mukohjima Is.; 15. Leaf with mines and traces of feeding at Igumadani, Hahajima Is.; 16. Mine; 17. Larva; 18. Last instar larva with cocoonet." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures13-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979844" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">13</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="7B96E3252F5A81994E73A1298F9AB8F7" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Biology and habitat of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. (continued) 19, 20. Last instar larva; 21. Cocoon; 22. Cocoon with pupal exuviae; 23, 24. Adult." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979845" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">24</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Eggs were mainly deposited on the upper side (n = 10) and sometimes on the underside of the leaf (n = 2), near a leaf vein or leaf edge. The young larvae are leaf miners. Leaf mining usually starts as a serpentine mine and changes to a simple linear mine. Subsequently, the larvae exit the mine, feed on the upperside or underside of the leaf, and leave the typical
<taxonomicName id="4AA22C645CE7684585B6B0D2DC35F7D8" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8244B37B5D6F18701E93685195AA8F80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="039D905A1A3C6ED8423B9AE99ADF8730" originalValue="“skeletonized”">&quot;skeletonized&quot;</normalizedToken>
feeding trace after only the epidermis is consumed and veins remain. The cocoonet is typically located on the underside of the leaf. All larvae of the discovered species are pale green, except for the last instar. The last instar larva has dorsal fuscous and cream horizontal stripes and two lateral white markings on each segment. The spindle-ribbed cocoon is pale cream at first, and then cream. Adults and larvae were observed at almost the same time from mid-June to late June. Our collections demonstrate that this species may be multivoltine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="34DB843CCCA9D480103B4D910917BD62" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979842" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figures 3–9" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="608E8FEF0DA79655379F6AF12862AB00" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="F04D45FB6A45DE87DE3073B254462C94" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figures 3-9.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="DD7AC149F79D1B40B2FA36345009EE6A" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="907338306C8462096372309426D83674" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="2C5B1FC431784DEEE84B500AB64BE554" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3.</emphasis>
Holotype, genitalia slide no. SY1459;
<emphasis id="11036F0C7D078B8FAD6D2F41CC687ECC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">4, 5, 8, 9.</emphasis>
Paratype, genitalia slide no. Bonin000032;
<emphasis id="969B010F188F5845E65134510D2F1129" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">6, 7.</emphasis>
Paratype, genitalia slide no. SY1457;
<emphasis id="8729A6C5E5C1478377910E0D16C73725" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3, 4.</emphasis>
Whole genitalia, lateral view;
<emphasis id="2F3F15427B5452E537027A143EAC5BA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">5.</emphasis>
Whole genitalia, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="5AB56DAA12D55804076B66FA36CF78AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">6.</emphasis>
Genitalia except phallus and left valva, ventral view;
<emphasis id="E254904EA1FF0457922C1D9FEA67148F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">7.</emphasis>
Phallus;
<emphasis id="1B014E633902A2ED357720BFAEE6055E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">8.</emphasis>
Anellus, ventral view;
<emphasis id="4522DEDCD7391347300496F341CC4B0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">9.</emphasis>
Scale sac. Scale bars: 300
<normalizedToken id="4D4C4B850A277B5924092A82635CC9D2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="713E3449C82E2B9E8D55A095B03DBED6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9</emphasis>
); 100
<normalizedToken id="AB285C15C3F7313C82814F605EB1CC20" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="2D28F2D742F3EC62D7F9F04D31996E3D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">8</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B320CEBF763335B521685A3332803787" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="42C10CCF637723308160D2CA49F3A404" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1B3B7DBEC83CD41C8DC8450968B0C87" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="C065DF303DCFF2DBC71236110DF6CB2F" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 25. Distribution map of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979846" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">25</figureCitation>
). Japan: Ogasawara Islands (Chichijima, Anijima, Hahajima, and Mukohjima Islands). Adults were collected from Chichijima and Hahajima Islands. However, many feeding traces on the same host that we presume are from the newly described species were observed on Anijima and Mukohjima Islands (Figs
<figureCitation id="8553DB695180F96129103EC29D229D15" captionStart="Figures 13–18" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 13 - 18. Biology and habitat of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. Biology and habitat of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. 13. Host plant, Hibiscus glaber at Chibusayama, Hahajima Is.; 14. Leaf with mines and traces of feeding at Mukohjima Is.; 15. Leaf with mines and traces of feeding at Igumadani, Hahajima Is.; 16. Mine; 17. Larva; 18. Last instar larva with cocoonet." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures13-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979844" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CF9828449E5CC3EBAEE3A01D93D65DAD" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 25. Distribution map of Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979846" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3476201702C0DBFA860222189E73A805" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979843" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figures 10–12" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="97CBDB3A26A11E5F2B61B72EBAA7F4D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="ED916DCA3459543AC05E194810E0FDD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figures 10-12.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="8F2CF4407CC1B6A5115957AF97BB4EF8" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="38E4572306059C57D33D7F4699860B05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., paratype.
<emphasis id="EDA3F4F40936EE549A240AF0FE64BCDF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">10.</emphasis>
Whole genitalia, ventral view, genitalia slide no. SY1446;
<emphasis id="CDA1E5E3CD9E9CA21EAC5F8F0B688F77" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">11.</emphasis>
Terminal segment, genitalia slide no. SY1447;
<emphasis id="226D3AAC73647649CC5629F1C020F477" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">12.</emphasis>
Signum, genitalia slide no. SY1447. Scale bars: 500
<normalizedToken id="9D03ED2D470DD94712ADC6C953B4AD0C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="5A5A390B15390271653B9C838BE44750" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">10</emphasis>
); 200
<normalizedToken id="BAEF2D712507A3E366DC6ACE5942A798" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="239AA0B3C925C92EF373C9955C12B0F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">11, 12</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86674F4E3A829B73741C6A790EF58E92" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="dna data">
<paragraph id="B95B590B343927ECAC7A7E527E11F47F" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">DNA data</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F66B67461A9A3EB215E40D808242A361" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="25513FAF2C50B905FF4F43F170664DDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
(Figs
<figureCitation id="46674FFA025BB56C3DA261C5F1803B7B" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 26. Neighbor Joining tree of the genus Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. based on the DNA barcode region. The labels provide data on Sample ID, specific name, island, and exact sites. Branch lengths are proportional to genetic distances and the scale bar indicates 0.005 substitutions / site. Within sample names, species names and BIN IDs are followed by sample IDs." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979847" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2730FB0E2F0CBBEA0639B707C5862D58" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 27. ML tree of the genus Bucculatrix based on the DNA barcode region generated by IQ-TREE web server. Numbers near each node are SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%). Numbers are indicated in case both support values are higher than 50 (%) / 50 (%). Light blue highlights indicate the species known to feed Malvaceae. Branch lengths are proportional to genetic distances and the scale bar indicated 0.03 substitutions / site." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979848" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">27</figureCitation>
, Suppl. material 2).
</emphasis>
The DNA barcode sequences are deposited into the GenBank database under the accession numbers listed in Table
<tableCitation id="10172E230C60693DD92BFC74F452E7CB" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. The list of Japanese Bucculatrix used for DNA analysis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5152E987C2F907A5E8EDF6877068BFDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="5152E987C2F907A5E8EDF6877068BFDC">1</tableCitation>
and uploaded to the BOLD system in the public dataset DS-BUCBONIN. The intraspecific p-distances of
<taxonomicName id="897A60CA4DCE33C119D48D31932FBCA8" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. flavimaculata" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="C91B755FC24E7339B347E0822C59EC33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are 0-2.74% (n = 6) (Suppl. material 2). The largest p-distances were found between two specimens collected from Chichijima Island (BIN, BOLD:AFB6292) compared to six Hahajima Island specimens (BIN, BOLD:AFB5723) (2.43-2.74% pairwise distances) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="91141040F8A0FFCFB876040023FFEC91" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 26. Neighbor Joining tree of the genus Bucculatrix flavimaculata sp. nov. based on the DNA barcode region. The labels provide data on Sample ID, specific name, island, and exact sites. Branch lengths are proportional to genetic distances and the scale bar indicates 0.005 substitutions / site. Within sample names, species names and BIN IDs are followed by sample IDs." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979847" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">26</figureCitation>
, Suppl. material 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18AFC2256C46D333DA44889E21687D16" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
The DNA barcode of
<taxonomicName id="A061167A6E26D04369FD903C57FF32BF" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. flavimaculata" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="ED557B8BA8E64C10928996B45E51517C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Sample ID: SaY892) is closest to that of a
<taxonomicName id="CDF74C732E20E9469EB77F215A58760B" class="Insecta" family="Bucculatricidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bucculatricidae</taxonomicName>
species collected in Selangor, the peninsula of Malaysia (BIN, BOLD:ACR3285, Sample ID: BIOUG17088-B08, Process ID: GMMGT2203-14), based on the BOLD identification engine, with 6.46% pairwise divergence.
</paragraph>
<caption id="763F053EA74681223E6208EF2B588920" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures13-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979844" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figures 13–18" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="5006C6BBC5D0B10BA0740F9D8CC85CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="9A28D38DC76091CA97FFC3C1B92E4607" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figures 13-18.</emphasis>
Biology and habitat of
<taxonomicName id="043D900FD6AACDC5446BA2979305B281" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="E0114A7491E7332EF661A4D4080AA49F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Biology and habitat of
<taxonomicName id="3626A6BE1C776ADF072F3624860D7C36" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="0ACD9BC799078362021217FD3AEE9296" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="EF7DB4BBB44C16EA3A29744A5F21CC17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">13.</emphasis>
Host plant,
<taxonomicName id="39ED279E990B0D20467EBD968A14471C" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus glaber" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glaber">
<emphasis id="BDEE9020859EB1E3E2997C45FB931440" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hibiscus glaber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Chibusayama, Hahajima Is.;
<emphasis id="BC9BA2B1C05E587D65D9910EC10EB207" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">14.</emphasis>
Leaf with mines and traces of feeding at Mukohjima Is.;
<emphasis id="33A3360EF3F6BD2304F826EADE5A1EA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">15.</emphasis>
Leaf with mines and traces of feeding at Igumadani, Hahajima Is.;
<emphasis id="641DBCC029AEB501EA00EFBAA075FBED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">16.</emphasis>
Mine;
<emphasis id="82BA157719849EE65A8A5D00C7BA7349" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">17.</emphasis>
Larva;
<emphasis id="5B0925E4A69C34EB229DFE22F2AC9B39" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">18.</emphasis>
Last instar larva with cocoonet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3A1184B04791CC85188751E761D267CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
According to the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the COI barcode region,
<taxonomicName id="8A2CB06C646A26D14D59710A922A5A0C" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="C2649D3FE6D297139F2AB59E87D313A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="69DC85936F84E255B25B58EE025D0910" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. firmianella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="firmianella">
<emphasis id="B3A9638166DE7B25D180D09A7591525C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. firmianella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the ultra-fast bootstrap support and SH-aLRT support values are low or unsupported (86% and 24.2% respectively) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="281EB3965F270D7617657F415E963841" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 27. ML tree of the genus Bucculatrix based on the DNA barcode region generated by IQ-TREE web server. Numbers near each node are SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%). Numbers are indicated in case both support values are higher than 50 (%) / 50 (%). Light blue highlights indicate the species known to feed Malvaceae. Branch lengths are proportional to genetic distances and the scale bar indicated 0.03 substitutions / site." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979848" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">27</figureCitation>
). Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="2A59A56F247C2C91B7ADF802448D1C11" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. flavimaculata" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="1D0865F037B84AEA7D4F944C47DC13AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="92A07C1F1AA96C4BA071479BC1B49597" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. firmianella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="firmianella">
<emphasis id="593339FA704E816EDE56B4E2ABD94A3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. firmianella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a clade with two unidentified species from Malaysia,
<taxonomicName id="2FEEA037707671E141EB62D07D914F69" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. hamaboella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="hamaboella">
<emphasis id="63ED5138C386F84D71D4CDCD08E19CC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. hamaboella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FD5D33EC95FA5B99A870C5A8866CC2A9" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. regaella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="regaella">
<emphasis id="F18F86D9C4287AAA095507BE038C2AD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. regaella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="14E5B3CB31325BBE5CD75E7033F330CE" originalValue="Chrétien">Chretien</normalizedToken>
, 1907 (
<taxonomicName id="8D02BB4B1017108D8D6CDA348434005D" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
feeder), and
<taxonomicName id="E0FA95D6780BE5982D9EE56A47594F8C" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. cordiaella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cordiaella">
<emphasis id="36BD75D1148C9C88E2B541E5E3544910" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. cordiaella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Davis &amp; Landry, 2002 (
<taxonomicName id="02479E0C73DAAC8DCF12C2F7AC9DC9D2" class="Dicotyledones" family="Boraginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polemoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
feeder) with high SH-aLRT support (97.1%, Fig.
<figureCitation id="774CE9505F582B606B1F8B1BACBD76B7" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 27. ML tree of the genus Bucculatrix based on the DNA barcode region generated by IQ-TREE web server. Numbers near each node are SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%). Numbers are indicated in case both support values are higher than 50 (%) / 50 (%). Light blue highlights indicate the species known to feed Malvaceae. Branch lengths are proportional to genetic distances and the scale bar indicated 0.03 substitutions / site." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979848" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="643201B5C4447D858BABF80543C75329" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979845" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figures 19–24" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="39FCAA14F9AEE3A5D98DCA7F423B5ADD" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="E94D48BA24815A7FCF66884EC9C99F50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figures 19-24.</emphasis>
Biology and habitat of
<taxonomicName id="380C74F2FE5169FC52C6342C867A13C9" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="308BAA77BB170C4257FCEBA34D4AE606" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (continued)
<emphasis id="5AEE3FCEAF1E8BE0CAB5DE511F906E59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">19, 20.</emphasis>
Last instar larva;
<emphasis id="D266759E7A9052F6B883CE94A2E0A2D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">21.</emphasis>
Cocoon;
<emphasis id="5B85B235932ED733E23D7D02D473FBF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">22.</emphasis>
Cocoon with pupal exuviae;
<emphasis id="E2576BF6AC103E4BB8C9582F0E5F61BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">23, 24.</emphasis>
Adult.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81816317CA647821C6454E1A630D7003" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8EA6CFB8DA3B6FCA868BF145CDD3E5FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC733675AFBC56417E232EA65AE244CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
The name of the new species is derived from the Latin flavus,
<normalizedToken id="29A172649580046CD089BF365F9E1F16" originalValue="“yellowish”">&quot;yellowish&quot;</normalizedToken>
and macula,
<normalizedToken id="C9BA359B3EC20795F63D9DACC1ABF9FC" originalValue="“spots”">&quot;spots&quot;</normalizedToken>
, referring to the colour of the forewing and the spot markings.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B169A5EF7B6455CBBCFA551CCA2DD565" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979846" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figure 25" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="A87BD98B99C9FB7C780D92376AD1F25A" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="C05D4CECF973AAA308DA158F31BCA616" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figure 25.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="8D0F87175FA85AFFD66BD6EDAC2ECD02" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="6657F425AAA94748FDE02621E86E1E78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="62C3CDE3770581FFF9DE10999971FAEE" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979847" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figure 26" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="77F7A9E3D7FCCDDBAD3AD7CF3C81201F" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="5DDE28BDC09002C00FFC8B74D0C2A2D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figure 26.</emphasis>
Neighbor Joining tree of the genus
<taxonomicName id="DBFA95099F0F00B1885E7B2A0D0A82C7" authorityName="Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix flavimaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="6F392DAF84A29B36E713EED5D0B20D4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. based on the DNA barcode region. The labels provide data on Sample ID, specific name, island, and exact sites. Branch lengths are proportional to genetic distances and the scale bar indicates 0.005 substitutions/site. Within sample names, species names and BIN IDs are followed by sample IDs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB4CE07F17DED0B2ED2FAD84960BFC46" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C62942CEDEA3B155FB43937F59B379A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8812EF5C7AE18C0EC23A0078237A4C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
In Japan,
<taxonomicName id="A1B829A101D869872F3B6D2657D846E7" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix hamaboella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamaboella">
<emphasis id="1549DE633DAE1782FB4B0F4BB4669FB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix hamaboella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to feed on
<taxonomicName id="52E60CC6679ECCC8A53981FB82A8597A" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus hamabo" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="hamabo">
<emphasis id="93A654D1D9E431A4DA9994F2E0B72C70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Hibiscus hamabo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Siebold et Zucc. (
<bibRefCitation id="06C8096FF6B519380C3877C4B95E7073" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00307.x" author="Kobayashi, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="84 - 90" refId="B8" refString="Kobayashi, S, Hirowatari, T, Murase, M, Kuroko, H, 2009. A new stem-borer of the genus Bucculatrix (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) from Japan, with description of the life history. Entomological Science 12: 84 - 90, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00307.x" title="A new stem-borer of the genus Bucculatrix (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) from Japan, with description of the life history." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00307.x" volume="12" year="2009">Kobayashi et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). However, its morphological and molecular characteristics are markedly different from
<taxonomicName id="BAE180B8B45864A91623703D6616AA9D" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. flavimaculata" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="E23EB1C6B87E4BF5B12A25DF83BA7849" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. flavimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, it does not seem to be a closely related species. The young larva of
<taxonomicName id="2224288743D9787C7E0833B8FA406865" class="Dicotyledones" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. hamaboella" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="hamaboella">
<emphasis id="E92BA8806DDA7B650034DFC873E6F4AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">B. hamaboella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a leaf miner that forms a long red linear mine. In later instars, the larva becomes a stem borer (
<bibRefCitation id="331721AC1BF207AFA4C0303C2397AF1D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00307.x" author="Kobayashi, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="84 - 90" refId="B8" refString="Kobayashi, S, Hirowatari, T, Murase, M, Kuroko, H, 2009. A new stem-borer of the genus Bucculatrix (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) from Japan, with description of the life history. Entomological Science 12: 84 - 90, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00307.x" title="A new stem-borer of the genus Bucculatrix (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) from Japan, with description of the life history." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00307.x" volume="12" year="2009">Kobayashi et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1F7F91B545AD01FF4FE3DBA501B59A8A" doi="10.3897/nl.47.107485.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/979848" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figure 27" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="116E574239054E4DA6D6BDB30096436A" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="3B232BC812157B23730E7ED3D373CA2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figure 27.</emphasis>
ML tree of the genus
<taxonomicName id="81B538572C7AD181C652A7C53E376219" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82729CB853BE8815E99F02CE07B66625" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Bucculatrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the DNA barcode region generated by IQ-TREE web server. Numbers near each node are SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%). Numbers are indicated in case both support values are higher than 50 (%) / 50 (%). Light blue highlights indicate the species known to feed
<taxonomicName id="68873B525258798DCA82CCB92DBE5F4D" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1839" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
. Branch lengths are proportional to genetic distances and the scale bar indicated 0.03 substitutions/site.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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