163 lines
22 KiB
XML
163 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DFB77F6A177B2D12DE67C4D7576A85C1">The mushroom coral fauna (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) of Brunei Darussalam (South China Sea) and its relation to the Coral Triangle</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD6DECCE32FAAE34ED48864F8A890828">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F586C28120A3B19358EECA0E34980EB9">Lane, David J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8687FB2B393B94EB19645C9FEA769740">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0BE02339FFCA09A522F18BD8881CF02A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FE2EB49CDE70807C653C46531401CA75">62</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="303F907EC573FC60FC4E23828841F827" blockId="2.[921,1343,1948,2005]" box="[921,1343,1948,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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<heading id="6B772712C573FC60FC4E23828841F827" bold="true" box="[921,1343,1948,1972]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC573FC60FC4E23828841F827" ID-CoL="32WZQ" authority="(Ortmann, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[921,1343,1948,1972]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costulata">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC573FC60FC4E23828841F827" bold="true" box="[921,1343,1948,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC573FC60FC4E2382890BF827" bold="true" box="[921,1141,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">Cycloseris costulata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC573FC60FB5223828846F827" author="Ortmann A" box="[1157,1336,1948,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" pagination="493 - 590" refId="ref10522" refString="Ortmann A (1889) Beobachtungen an Steinkorallen von der Sudkuste Ceylons. Zoologische Jahrbuchern, Abteilung fur Systematik, Biologie und Biogeographie der Tiere, 4: 493 - 590, pls. 11 - 17." type="journal article" year="1889">Ortmann, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="789AC3F5C573FC60FBE823A289E7F846" box="[1087,1177,1980,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" type="description">
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<paragraph id="303F907EC573FC60FBE823A289E7F846" blockId="2.[921,1343,1948,2005]" box="[1087,1177,1980,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A8BB8CFBC573FC60FB9123A289EFF846" box="[1094,1169,1980,2005]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[136,1472,198,1982]" captionTargetId="figure-6@5.[136,1473,198,1982]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. A, B, Cycloseris fragilis, complete coral at Hornet Reef (Brunei Patches), fragmenting coral at Abana Rock, north; C, Cycloseris sinensis, fragmenting coral at Abana Rock, north; D–F, Cycloseris cyclolites at Hornet Reef (Brunei Patches), complete coral, fragmenting coral upper and lower side; G, H, Cycloseris somervillei at Chearnley Shoal, upper and lower side of a coral; I, Cycloseris costulata at Pelong Rocks, northeast; J, Cycloseris tenuis at Hornet Reef (Brunei Patches); K, Cycloseris vaughani at Colombo Reef (Champion Shoal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5354582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5354582/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="789AC3F5C573FC61FCFA23E78C26FC86" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="303F907EC573FC60FCFA23E78840F79C" blockId="2.[813,1344,2041,2118]" box="[813,1342,2041,2063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1090B750C573FC60FCFA23E78840F79C" box="[813,1342,2041,2063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC573FC60FCFA23E78E8CF79D" ID-CoL="32WZQ" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[813,1010,2041,2062]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costulata">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC573FC60FCFA23E78E8CF79D" box="[813,1010,2041,2062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">Cycloseris costulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="B121B66FC573FC60FBDA23E78844F79C" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[1037,1338,2041,2063]" page="126" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC573FC60FBDA23E78844F79C" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[1037,1338,2041,2063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" refId="ref11021" refString="Turak E & DeVantier L (2011) Field guide to the reef-building corals of Brunei Darussalam. Fisheries Department, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Government of Brunei Darussalam, 256 pp." type="book" year="2011">Turak & DeVantier, 2011: 126</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="303F907EC573FC60FCFA2C0A8865F7BA" blockId="2.[813,1344,2041,2118]" box="[813,1307,2068,2090]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1090B750C573FC60FCFA2C0A8865F7BA" box="[813,1307,2068,2090]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC573FC60FCFA2C0A8EB0F7BA" ID-CoL="6JRK8" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[813,974,2068,2089]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erosa">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC573FC60FCFA2C0A8EB0F7BA" box="[813,974,2068,2089]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">Cycloseris erosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="B121B66FC573FC60FC3E2C0A8869F7BA" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[1001,1303,2068,2090]" page="127" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC573FC60FC3E2C0A8869F7BA" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[1001,1303,2068,2090]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" refId="ref11021" refString="Turak E & DeVantier L (2011) Field guide to the reef-building corals of Brunei Darussalam. Fisheries Department, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Government of Brunei Darussalam, 256 pp." type="book" year="2011">Turak & DeVantier, 2011: 127</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="303F907EC573FC61FCFA2C2E8C26FC86" blockId="2.[813,1344,2041,2118]" lastBlockId="3.[136,775,189,789]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC573FC60FCFA2C2E8E8DF7D6" ID-CoL="32X2F" baseAuthorityName="Boschma" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[813,1011,2096,2117]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vaughani">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC573FC60FCFA2C2E8E8DF7D6" box="[813,1011,2096,2117]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="568">Cycloseris vaughani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC573FC60FBD92C2E8842F7D5" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[1038,1340,2096,2118]" pageId="2" pageNumber="568" refId="ref11021" refString="Turak E & DeVantier L (2011) Field guide to the reef-building corals of Brunei Darussalam. Fisheries Department, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Government of Brunei Darussalam, 256 pp." type="book" year="2011">Turak & DeVantier, 2011: 130</bibRefCitation>
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. This free-living species is common at
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<collectingCountry id="4897D0EEC572FC61FDCD24A38F19FF46" box="[538,615,189,213]" name="Brunei" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">Brunei</collectingCountry>
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: recorded at 14 out of 17 sites (
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<tableCitation id="7D02A5C5C572FC61FEFB24C38C01FF66" box="[300,383,221,245]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[113,167,190,212]" captionText="Table 2. Records (presence/absence) of mushroom coral species encountered off Brunei at 17 localities in 2011 (nomenclature after Gittenberger et al., 2011). Cycloseris explanulata and C. wellsi, although present at Brunei (Fig. 4A, B), were not included in the records, because they were not yet considered Fungiidae at the time of the survey (Benzoni et al., 2012)." pageId="3" pageNumber="569">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). It was not observed in fragmenting shape. Although the illustrated specimen has a violet margin (
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<figureCitation id="A8BB8CFBC572FC61FF4725038D9EFEA6" box="[144,224,285,309]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,2006,2028]" captionTargetBox="[136,1472,198,1982]" captionTargetId="figure-6@5.[136,1473,198,1982]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. A, B, Cycloseris fragilis, complete coral at Hornet Reef (Brunei Patches), fragmenting coral at Abana Rock, north; C, Cycloseris sinensis, fragmenting coral at Abana Rock, north; D–F, Cycloseris cyclolites at Hornet Reef (Brunei Patches), complete coral, fragmenting coral upper and lower side; G, H, Cycloseris somervillei at Chearnley Shoal, upper and lower side of a coral; I, Cycloseris costulata at Pelong Rocks, northeast; J, Cycloseris tenuis at Hornet Reef (Brunei Patches); K, Cycloseris vaughani at Colombo Reef (Champion Shoal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5354582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5354582/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
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), the usual colour of this species is even brown (
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FF5825238C91FEC6" author="Gittenberger A & Hoeksema BW" box="[143,495,317,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" pagination="195 - 201" refId="ref8660" refString="Gittenberger A & Hoeksema BW (2006) Phenotypic plasticity revealed by molecular studies on reef corals of Fungia (Cycloseris) spp. (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) near river outlets. Contributions to Zoology, 75: 195 - 201." type="journal article" year="2006">Gittenberger & Hoeksema, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). It has also been recorded as
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FF7425408CC2FEE6" ID-CoL="6JRK8" authority="(Doderlein, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[163,444,349,373]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erosa">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FF7425408D85FEE6" box="[163,251,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. erosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FED025438CCAFEE6" author="Doderlein L" box="[263,436,349,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" pagination="351 - 360" refId="ref8553" refString="Doderlein L (1901) Die Korallengattung Fungia. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 24: 351 - 360." type="journal article" year="1901">Döderlein, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FE2725438F85FEE6" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[496,763,349,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" refId="ref11021" refString="Turak E & DeVantier L (2011) Field guide to the reef-building corals of Brunei Darussalam. Fisheries Department, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Government of Brunei Darussalam, 256 pp." type="book" year="2011">Turak & DeVantier, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), which actually is a synonym for
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FE2525608F2DFE06" ID-CoL="6C69C" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[498,595,382,405]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FE2525608F2DFE06" box="[498,595,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see Hoeksema, 1989). The colouration of a specimen illustrated and identified as
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FF7025A08C54FE46" ID-CoL="32X2F" baseAuthorityName="Boschma" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[167,298,445,469]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vaughani">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FF7025A08C54FE46" box="[167,298,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. vaughani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FE8125A38F0BFE46" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[342,629,445,469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" refId="ref11021" refString="Turak E & DeVantier L (2011) Field guide to the reef-building corals of Brunei Darussalam. Fisheries Department, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Government of Brunei Darussalam, 256 pp." type="book" year="2011">Turak & DeVantier (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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is typical for
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FF5F25C08C75FE66" ID-CoL="32WZQ" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[136,267,477,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costulata">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FF5F25C08C75FE66" box="[136,267,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. costulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(compare Hoeksema, 1989;
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<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FD9025C38C45FD86" author="Hoeksema BW & Van Ofwegen LP" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" refId="ref9690" refString="Hoeksema BW & Van Ofwegen LP (2004) Indo-Malayan reef corals: a generic overview. World Biodiversity Database, CD- ROM Series, ETI, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2004">Hoeksema & Van Ofwegen, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FE9D25E38FB8FD86" author="Gittenberger A & Hoeksema BW" box="[330,710,509,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" pagination="195 - 201" refId="ref8660" refString="Gittenberger A & Hoeksema BW (2006) Phenotypic plasticity revealed by molecular studies on reef corals of Fungia (Cycloseris) spp. (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) near river outlets. Contributions to Zoology, 75: 195 - 201." type="journal article" year="2006">Gittenberger & Hoeksema, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The costae of another specimen illustrated and identified as
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<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FD3926008D95FDC6" ID-CoL="32X2F" baseAuthorityName="Boschma" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vaughani">
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<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FD3926008D95FDC6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. vaughani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FEC126238F4BFDC6" author="Turak E & DeVantier L" box="[278,565,573,597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" refId="ref11021" refString="Turak E & DeVantier L (2011) Field guide to the reef-building corals of Brunei Darussalam. Fisheries Department, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Government of Brunei Darussalam, 256 pp." type="book" year="2011">Turak & DeVantier (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FF5F26408CA8FDE6" ID-CoL="32WZN" authority="Hoeksema, 2014" authorityName="Hoeksema" authorityYear="2014" box="[136,470,605,629]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boschmai">
|
||
<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FF5F26408C6CFDE6" box="[136,274,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. boschmai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FECB26438CA8FDE6" author="Hoeksema BW" box="[284,470,605,629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" pagination="57 - 84" refId="ref9436" refString="Hoeksema BW (2014) The " Fungia patella group " (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) revisited with a description of the mini mushroom coral Cycloseris boschmai sp. n. ZooKeys, 371: 57 - 84." type="journal article" year="2014">Hoeksema, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has not been found during the present study, although it has been recorded at the reefs of Kota Kinabalu, located
|
||
<quantity id="F7783D9BC572FC61FDC426838F18FD26" box="[531,614,669,693]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" unit="km" value="150.0">150 km</quantity>
|
||
away in a NE direction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5411ED8FC572FC61FF2326A38F5DFD46" author="Waheed Z & Hoeksema BW" box="[244,547,701,725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" pagination="66 - 82" refId="ref11378" refString="Waheed Z & Hoeksema BW (2014) Diversity patterns of scleractinian corals at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, in relation to exposure and depth. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62: 66 - 82." type="journal article" year="2014">Waheed & Hoeksema, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FD3926A08D90FD66" ID-CoL="32WZN" authorityName="Hoeksema" authorityYear="2014" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boschmai">
|
||
<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FD3926A08D90FD66" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. boschmai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FEF726C08CDFFD66" ID-CoL="32X2F" baseAuthorityName="Boschma" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[288,417,733,757]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vaughani">
|
||
<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FEF726C08CDFFD66" box="[288,417,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">C. vaughani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F780EBFDC572FC61FE7A26C38F53FD66" ID-CoL="32WZQ" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[429,557,733,757]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cycloseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="569" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costulata">
|
||
C.
|
||
<emphasis id="02F44C6CC572FC61FE1C26C38F53FD66" box="[459,557,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="569">costulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has less pronounced lower order costae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |