199 lines
18 KiB
XML
199 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.459.8621" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33473f10-b5b8-46ab-8560-716945ff2e36" ID-PMC="PMC4283630" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-459-11" ID-PubMed="25561851" ID-ZBK="9659104C809E45E98C0851F2524677AE" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-459-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 459" ModsDocTitle="The millipede genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910 in Kenya, with descriptions of new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)" checkinTime="1451245016067" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="VandenSpiegel, Didier & Golovatch, Sergei I." docDate="2014" docId="B80F5A9FFAE1B7437175DA6F610915D9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 459: 11-34" docOrigin="ZooKeys 459" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.459.8621" docTitle="Eviulisoma taitaorum VandenSpiegel & Golovatch, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="83C83C70-46C1-4AC7-9D13-EEA08A149E11" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="DA7CC278FFB5FFCB29645F6A301AFFEA" masterDocTitle="The millipede genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910 in Kenya, with descriptions of new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668159695181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The millipede genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910 in Kenya, with descriptions of new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>VandenSpiegel, Didier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Golovatch, Sergei I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>459</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>34</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.459.8621</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.459.8621</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-459-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">9659104C809E45E98C0851F2524677AE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9659104C809E45E98C0851F2524677AE</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056750" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:83C83C70-46C1-4AC7-9D13-EEA08A149E11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B80F5A9FFAE1B7437175DA6F610915D9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="15" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Polydesmida Paradoxosomatidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/83C83C70-46C1-4AC7-9D13-EEA08A149E11" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma taitaorum" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitaorum">Eviulisoma taitaorum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="15">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 3, 4, Maps 1, 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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Holotype ♂ (MRAC 22630), Kenya, Taita Hills, Chawia Forest, 1500 m a.s.l.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.4833333">S03°29'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.333332">E38°20'</geoCoordinate>
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, pitfall trapping, 1-20.VI.1999, leg. R. Mwakos.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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Paratypes: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 8 juv. (MRAC 18071), same data, together with holotype; 3 ♂ (MRAC 18016), same locality, 1500 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 10-26.VI.1999, leg. R. Mwakos; 3 ♀ (MRAC 18096), same locality, 1500 m a.s.l., pitfall traps,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
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.1999, leg. L. Rogo; 1 ♀, 3 juv. (MRAC 17993), same locality, 1500 m a.s.l.,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
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.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel; 3 juv. (MRAC 18505), same locality, Winkler extraction, 7.XII.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel & J. P. Michiels; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 5 juv. (MRAC 18424), same locality, 7.XII.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel & J. P. Michiels; 1 ♂ fragment, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (MRAC 18043), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ρ">ρ</normalizedToken>
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2443), Taita Hills, Ngangao Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.3666668">S03°22'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.35">E38°21'</geoCoordinate>
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, 1820 m a.s.l., 17.VIII.1999, leg. R. Mwakos; 1 ♂ fragment, 20 ♀ (MRAC 18476), same locality, 4.XII.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel & J. P. Michiels; 3 ♀, 3 juv. (MRAC 18008), same locality, 1820 m a.s.l., 19.VI.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel; 1 ♀ (MRAC 18090), same locality, 1820 m a.s.l., pitfall traps,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
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.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel, 1 ♂ (MRAC 18036), same locality, 1820 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 15-17.III.1999, leg. L. Rogo; 1 ♂ (MRAC 22622), Taita Hills, Fururu Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.4333334">S3°26'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.333332">E38°20'</geoCoordinate>
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, 9.XII.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel & J. P. Michiels; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 7 juv. (MRAC 22623), same locality, pitfall traps, 14-17.XII.2004, leg. A. Bwong, J. Mwandoe & J. Measey; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. (MRAC 18083), Taita Hills, Vuria Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.4">S03°24'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.283333">E38°17'</geoCoordinate>
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, 2200 m a.s.l., 26.VI.1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel; 1 ♀ (MRAC 18459), Taita Hills, Sagala Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.8333333">S03°50'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.966667">E38°58'</geoCoordinate>
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, 5.XII. 1999, leg. D. VandenSpiegel & J. P. Michiels.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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Non-types: ca 30 juv. (MRAC 18.543), Taita Hills, Fururu Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.4333334">S03°26'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.333332">E38°20'</geoCoordinate>
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, Winkler extraction, 9.XII.1999; 1 ♀ (MRAC 18441), Taita Hills, Wundanyi, near house,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.4019446">S03°24'07"</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="38.36361">E38°21'49"</geoCoordinate>
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, 6.XII. 1999, all leg. D. VandenSpiegel & J. P. Michiels.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="name">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">To emphasize the type locality, in Latin meaning "a dweller of Taita".</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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Differs from all congeners in the remarkable size dimorphism, coupled with absence of a sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4, as well as the subequally long and slender solenophore (sph) and postfemoral process (p) (Figs 3C, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–L">H-L</normalizedToken>
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). See also Key below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Length of adults ca 17-20 (♂ holotype and some ♂ & ♀ paratypes from Chawia, Fururu and from Ngangao) or 28-38 mm (most of ♂ & ♀ paratypes from Fururu and Ngangao, all few paratypes from Sagala and Vuria), width of midbody metazonae 1.7-1.8 (♂ holotype and some ♂ paratypes) up to 2.0 mm (♀ paratypes from Chawia) or 2.5-2.6 (most of ♂ paratypes from Fururu and Ngangao) up to 3.0-3.8 mm (most of ♀ paratypes from Fururu and Ngangao).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Coloration from pallid, via light pinkish or marbled pinkish brown to nearly chocolate brown, pattern often annulated due to darker metazonae, including later instars of larger morph. Legs pallid to yellowish, earlier instars always entirely pallid. Sometimes a narrow, darker, pigmented axial line and a similar transverse line in caudal 1/3 of metaterga.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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All characters as in
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma ngaia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngaia">Eviulisoma ngaia</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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, M, N), except as follows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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Surface rather smooth and shining (Figs 3, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, H), near ozopores faintly rugulose longitudinally, slightly microgranulate below in ♂. Hypoproct more narrowly rounded up to nearly pointed between 1+1 caudal setae (♂). Pleurosternal carinae faint (Fig. 4H), mostly line-shaped, visible until segment 17 (♂) or 15 (♀). Sterna between ♂ coxae 4 and 5 each with a pair of paramedian cones caudally, devoid of any central lobes (Figs 3C, 4H); sterna between ♂ coxae 6 and 7 unusually deeply excavate and ledge-shaped for accommodation of gonopod tips (Fig. 4H), the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="excavation’s">excavation's</normalizedToken>
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frontal edge being densely setose (Fig. 3C). Postgonopodial sterna with small, but evident, sometimes pointed cones near each coxa, anterior pair being always smaller than caudal one on each diplosegment. ♂ tarsi either a little longer than tibiae (usually
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="16" start="start">smaller</pageBreakToken>
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morph) or both subequal in length (usually larger morph). Legs 1.2-1.4 (♂) or 0.8-0.9 (♀) times as long as body height. ♂ tibiae and tarsi with ventral brushes until last two leg-pairs, their setae being flattened, same as in other new species (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
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Gonopods (Figs 3C, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–L">H-L</normalizedToken>
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) very slender, with solenophore (sph), postfemoral process (p) and solenomere (sl) subequal in length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Vulvae without peculiarities, as in Fig. 4M, N.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">This new species seems remarkable in being represented by two different size morphs which invariably co-occur at least in sufficiently rich samples and show no intermediates. Thus, in one sample from Chawia the adult ♂♂ can vary in size by 1.5-2.0 times. Larger animals tend to be darker than smaller ones.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Such a strong size morphism could be advantageous for the local populations in variably adverse ecological conditions, possibly allowing selection for different life strategies.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">The above two species from Taita Hills show parapatry (Map 1), co-occurring only in Fururu Forest.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
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In addition, the absence of a central lobe between ♂ coxae 4 is rather characteristic of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eoseviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoseviulisoma" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="17" start="start">Eoseviulisoma</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brolemann, 1920, but the smooth metazonital suture, the structure of the gonopods and the deeply excavate sterna between ♂ coxae 6 and 7 warrant the assignment of this species to
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eviulisoma</taxonomicName>
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(cf.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brolemann, HW" journalOrPublisher="L. Lhomme, Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="27" pagination="49 - 298" title="Myriapodes III, Diplopoda. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale (1911 - 1912)." volumeTitle="Resultats scientifiques." year="1920">Brolemann 1920</bibRefCitation>
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). This is just another example that these two genera may well prove to be synonymous. Both
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<bibRefCitation author="Brolemann, HW" journalOrPublisher="L. Lhomme, Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="27" pagination="49 - 298" title="Myriapodes III, Diplopoda. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale (1911 - 1912)." volumeTitle="Resultats scientifiques." year="1920">Brolemann (1920)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Attems, C" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="16" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 300" title="Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae." volume="68" year="1937">Attems (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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had treated
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eoseviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoseviulisoma" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eoseviulisoma</taxonomicName>
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as only a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eviulisoma</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoffman, RL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="16" pageNumber="27" pagination="75 - 84" title="Scolodesmus and related African millipede genera (Polydesmida: Strongylosomidae)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599page/99" volume="66" year="1953">Hoffman (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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elevated the former to the rank of a full genus which currently includes only 2-3 species from Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma taitaorum" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitaorum">Eviulisoma taitaorum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., ♂ paratype. A anterior part of body, lateral view B posterior part of body, lateral view C body segments 5-7, ventral view. Drawn not to scale. Designations in text.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma taitaorum" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitaorum">Eviulisoma taitaorum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., ♂ (A,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–L">D-L</normalizedToken>
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) & ♀ paratypes (B, C, M, N). A habitus, lateral view B midbody legs, lateral view C ozopore, lateral view D ventral brushes on tibia and tarsus, ventral view E, F modified setae of ventral brushes, ventral view G antennomeres 6-8, sublateral view H anterior part of body, ventral view I both gonopods in situ, ventral view J, L right gonopod, mesal and submesal views, respectively K gonopod tip, sublateral view M both vulvae in situ, ventrocaudal view N right vulva, ventrocaudal view. Scale bars: 1.0 (A), 0.5 (B, H, M), 0.2 (I, J, L), 0.1 (C, D, G, K, N) & 0.01 mm (E, F). Designations in text.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
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Map 2. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma taitaorum" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitaorum">Eviulisoma taitaorum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (blue dot) and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Eviulisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eviulisoma taita" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taita">Eviulisoma taita</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (red square) in the Taita Hills, Kenya.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |