156 lines
14 KiB
XML
156 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e64e27ad-d280-499e-b19f-0bfe431a4342" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179918069" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-273" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:37EAAA94-42E2-4C29-980B-13AC0616545F" ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-273" checkinTime="1614373075776" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Oketch, Dancun A., Kioko, Esther N. & Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2021" docId="AE2E415FB14E534C8FFF349727BF2275" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 62(1): 273-286" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 62 (1)" docPubDate="2021-02-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963" docTitle="Toxoniella nyeri Oketch & Li 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="37EAAA94-42E2-4C29-980B-13AC0616545F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the genus Toxoniella (Araneae, Liocranidae) from Mount Kenya National Park, Kenya" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="273" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" updateTime="1643434428713" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Three new species of the genus Toxoniella (Araneae, Liocranidae) from Mount Kenya National Park, Kenya</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Oketch, Dancun A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, P. O. Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kioko, Esther N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, P. O. Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lisq@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-02-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>273</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>286</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2305-2562-1-273</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2FE0967A-DF6C-4738-88A2-48B36640C07B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="taxonomy">
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="179918069" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:37EAAA94-42E2-4C29-980B-13AC0616545F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2E415FB14E534C8FFF349727BF2275" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/37EAAA94-42E2-4C29-980B-13AC0616545F" authority="Oketch & Li" authorityName="Oketch & Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella nyeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyeri" status="sp. nov.">Toxoniella nyeri Oketch & Li</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Toxoniella nyeri sp. nov., habitus, male holotype (A, B) and female paratype (C, D) A, C dorsal B, D ventral. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514249" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figs 7A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Toxoniella nyeri sp. nov., epigyne, female paratype A ventral B dorsal. Abbreviations: CDS cul de sac, CO copulatory opening, FD fertilization duct (interfered with during manipulation), SP spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514250" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Toxoniella nyeri sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, T tegulum. Scale bar: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514251" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 9A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
Kenya • ♂; Nyeri County, Naro Moru Town, Mount Kenya National Park, Naro Moru Gate, Metrological station;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="00.1702" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-0.1702">00.1702°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="37.214" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="37.214">37.214°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 3000 m; 6 Aug. 2018; Kioko G. & Oketch A.D. leg.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
Kenya • 1 ♂, 3 ♀; same data as holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oketch & Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella nyeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Toxoniella nyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners by the talon-like RTA, the large, pointed embolus, and the apically membranous median apophysis (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Toxoniella nyeri sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, T tegulum. Scale bar: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514251" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">9A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females are similar to other members of this genus by having two pairs of spermathecae, with the posterior pair larger than the anterior pair. However, they can be differentiated from the other species as the cul de sacs are longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. nyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="nyeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. nyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. than in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. waruii" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="waruii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. waruii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. tharaka" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="tharaka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. tharaka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. nyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="nyeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. nyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have a patterned carapace that forms a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ψ-shape">Ψ-shape</normalizedToken>
|
||
with the fovea in both males and females (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Toxoniella nyeri sp. nov., habitus, male holotype (A, B) and female paratype (C, D) A, C dorsal B, D ventral. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514249" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">7A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514251" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oketch & Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella nyeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Toxoniella nyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., left palp, male holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
||
prolateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B</emphasis>
|
||
ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">C</emphasis>
|
||
retrolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, T tegulum. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length 6.83. Carapace 3.20 long, 2.34 wide, orangish brown with dark net-like pattern; with two dark lines towards either of the posterior median eyes. Fovea dark brown. Clypeus vertical and short, yellowish brown, as are chelicerae. Eye diameters and interdistances AME: 0.15, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.13, PLE: 0.13, AME-AME: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.04, PME-PME: 0.12, PME-PLE: 0.11, MOQ: AW: 0.26, PW: 0.34, Length: 0.27. All eyes have dark pigment around them. Sternum pale yellow, heart shaped, longer than wide. Pre-coxal triangle weakly pointed. Labium longer than wide, approximately twice the length of endites. Abdomen dorsally grey with thick, short setae. Venter greyish. Leg measurements: I 6.42 (1.70, 0.73, 1.59, 1.20, 1.20), II 5.10 (1.30, 0.75, 1.27, 0.87, 0.91), III 4.97 (1.32, 0.66, 0.90, 1.10, 0.99), IV 7.49 (1.76, 0.91, 1.64, 1.81, 1.37). Anterior leg pairs have long, curved setae. Tenent setae in 5-6 pairs. Leg spination; most of the spines have been detached; III: P-T pl2, d2, rl2, v2-2-2 Mt 10; IV: P v1 T pl2, d1, rl2, v2-2-2. Palp (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Toxoniella nyeri sp. nov., left palp, male holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, T tegulum. Scale bar: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514251" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">9A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
), RTA ridged; dorsal talon-like; ventral blunt, mound-like. Embolus large, curving, originating at 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
|
||
position. Membranous median apophysis obscuring some parts of embolus in retrolateral view. Sperm duct forms a V-shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Slightly larger and darker than male. Total length 6.90. Carapace length 3.41, width 2.59, color and pattern as in male. Eye diameters and interdistances AME: 0.15, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.13, PLE: 0.12, AME-AME: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.04, PME-PME: 0.13, PME-PLE: 0.12, MOQ: AW: 0.26, PW: 0.34, Length: 0.27. Sternum pale brown. Pre-coxal triangles as in male. Leg measurements: I 6.36 (1.70, 0.71, 1.59, 1.20, 1.16), II 5.10 (1.30, 0.75, 1.27, 0.87, 0.91), III 4.98 (1.32, 0.66, 0.90, 1.10, 1.00), IV 7.46 (1.74, 0.91, 1.64, 1.80, 1.37). Tarsal tenent setae as in males. Leg spination III: P-T pl2, d1, rl2, v2-2-2 Mt 11; IV: P v1 T pl2, d1, rl2, v2-2-2. Epigyne (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Toxoniella nyeri sp. nov., epigyne, female paratype A ventral B dorsal. Abbreviations: CDS cul de sac, CO copulatory opening, FD fertilization duct (interfered with during manipulation), SP spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514250" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) dark reddish brown and strongly sclerotized. Copulatory openings small, relatively close together. Cul de sacs quite elongated, anterior spermathecae very small, approximately three times the diameter of the posterior pair. Epigynal groove wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">The species is named after type locality; noun in apposition.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |