198 lines
21 KiB
XML
198 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="881439A65DD981E265C51B2E5AF3954D">Ctenodactylidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FF4399B51EDDD92F1250EF5E6DD5D1CB">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C0DF7B39463E6B1560CEF5A5ECBB7C2">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BA8ADF32F0924BAEFDE2236434B9EC2">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BA6AE7D7D206E8CC23FCA8FBA481940D">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="5B748FD7DBF0E257BA5215E52553B63D" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="6760228D4C3EF2A5A30507151315A518">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D44C652BDC7C077CC2941DA08BC11323">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="5F0FB9BB76F4CEC8901FC64599CC575F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="8D7887B8442FFFE6B254FB0FB06765F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587782" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6587782" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D7887B8442FFFE6B254FB0FB06765F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D7887B8442FFFE6B254FB0FB06765F5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B254FB0FB09560B3" box="[1378,1410,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B254FB0FB09560B3" blockId="2.[1375,2161,1215,1341]" box="[1378,1410,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="5E2681C2442FFFE7B254FB0FB09560B3" box="[1378,1410,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<figureCitation id="9DEA2A2B442FFFE7B254FB0FB09560B3" box="[1378,1410,1215,1257]" captionStart="Plate 16: Ctenodactylidae" captionStartId="2.[107,137,3440,3465]" captionTargetBox="[12,2737,16,2013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Speke’s Gundi (Pectinator spekei), 2. Mzab Gundi (Massoutiera mzabi), 3. Felou Gundi (Felovia vae), 4. Common Gundi (Clenodactylus gundi), 5. Desert Gundi (Ctenodactylus vali)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6587812/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B2A4FB0FB38D60B3" box="[1426,1690,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B2A4FB0FB38D60B3" blockId="2.[1375,2161,1215,1341]" box="[1426,1690,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="5E2681C2442FFFE7B2A4FB0FB38D60B3" box="[1426,1690,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<vernacularName id="8BD24680442FFFE7B2A4FB0FB38D60B3" box="[1426,1690,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Felou Gundi</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B1FAFB0FB28860B3" box="[1740,1951,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B1FAFB0FB28860B3" blockId="2.[1375,2161,1215,1341]" box="[1740,1951,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="5E2681C2442FFFE7B1FAFB0FB28860B3" box="[1740,1951,1215,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B1FAFB0FB28860B3" ID-CoL="3DY2W" baseAuthorityName="Lataste" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1740,1951,1215,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Felovia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vae">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B1FAFB0FB28860B3" box="[1740,1951,1215,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Felovia vae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B257FB4BB3E76162" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B257FB4BBD67614A" blockId="2.[1375,2161,1215,1341]" box="[1377,2160,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="5E2681C2442FFFE7B257FB4BBD67614A" box="[1377,2160,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B257FB4BB0BB614A" bold="true" box="[1377,1452,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="8BD24680442FFFE7B283FB4BB340614A" box="[1461,1623,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Goundi de Félou</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B15BFB4BB3D0614A" bold="true" box="[1645,1735,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="8BD24680442FFFE7B1E7FB4BB276614A" box="[1745,1889,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Senegal-Gundi</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B040FB4BB2C6614A" bold="true" box="[1910,2001,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="8BD24680442FFFE7B0EDFB4BBD67614A" box="[2011,2160,1275,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Gundi de Félou</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B256FA93B3E76162" blockId="2.[1375,2161,1215,1341]" box="[1376,1776,1315,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="5E2681C2442FFFE7B256FA93B3E76162" box="[1376,1776,1315,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B256FA93B3406162" bold="true" box="[1376,1623,1315,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="8BD24680442FFFE7B157FA93B3E76162" box="[1633,1776,1315,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Senegal Gundi</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B0F2FAD7BD8961F6" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B0F2FAD7BD8961F6" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1383,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B0F2FAD7BD7561DE" bold="true" box="[1988,2146,1383,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7BFBDFAD7BD8E61F6" authority="" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Massoutiera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Felovia">Massoutiera (Felovia) wvae Lataste, 1886</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7BFF4FA3BBF056189" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7BFF4FA3BBF056189" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1383,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<materialsCitation id="B5B93CF3442FFFE7BFF4FA3BBF056189" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785680301" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">“Felou Senegalis” (= ¢.410 km north-west of Bamako, Mali).</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B0F2FA6ABC2061A1" box="[1988,2359,1498,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B0F2FA6ABC2061A1" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1383,1806]" box="[1988,2359,1498,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B0F3F9BABD95622B" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="distribution">
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<caption id="51AE6626442FFFE7B0F3F9BABD95622B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6587806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6587806/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" targetBox="[1374,1965,1395,1809]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B0F3F9BABD95622B" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1383,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B0F3F9BABD6F6279" bold="true" box="[1989,2168,1546,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C Mauritania, W Mali, and E Senegal, geographically isolated from the other gundis.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B0F3F9C8BD2463A6" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B0F3F9C8BD2463A6" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1383,1806]" lastBlockId="2.[1377,2587,1814,3344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B0F3F9C8BDC862C3" bold="true" box="[1989,2271,1656,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 169-190 mm, tail 67-80 mm; weight up to 188 g. External characteristics of Felou Gundi are generally similar to other gundi species. It can be distinguished from all living ctenodactylids by strongly grooved upper incisors and less inflated auditory bullae. Pinnae resemble those of Speke’s Gundi (
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B2E1F8DDB3AD63DC" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1856" box="[1495,1722,1901,1926]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Pectinator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spekei">Pectinator spekei</taxonomicName>
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), but the Felou Gundi has a shorter, flattened head, bordered with hairs. The Felou Gundi has a furry tail, longer than tails of other gundi species except Speke’s Gundi. Both species differ from the other gundi species by having short angular processes in their mandibles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B254F7B2BF196C28" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B254F7B2BF196C28" blockId="2.[1377,2587,1814,3344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B254F7B2B0C46C79" bold="true" box="[1378,1491,2050,2083]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Rocky areas where rainfall is relatively high (more than 600 mm/year) for a semi-desert habitat but also areas with scarce and seasonal rains. The Felou
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7BE8DF799BF036C10" box="[2491,2580,2089,2122]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gundi">Gundi</taxonomicName>
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is found in river canyons, fissures of sandstone hills, and among boulders and cliffs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B254F7C8B2346DDD" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B254F7C8B2346DDD" blockId="2.[1377,2587,1814,3344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B254F7C8B37B6CC3" bold="true" box="[1378,1644,2168,2201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Felou Gundiis herbivorous. It lives in less hostile areas than the Mzab Gundi (
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B169F714B2426C9B" baseAuthorityName="Lataste" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1631,1877,2212,2241]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Massoutiera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mzabi">Massoutiera mzabi</taxonomicName>
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) and the Desert
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7BF70F714BD886C9B" box="[2118,2207,2212,2241]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gundi">Gundi</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7BF8DF714BCBC6C9B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[2235,2475,2212,2241]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vali">Ctenodactylus vali</taxonomicName>
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). Thus, the Felou Gundi experiences seasons of relatively high abundance of food, followed by months of scarcity. It feeds on leaves of the leguminous shrub
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7BE25F75EBC9D6D55" authorityName="Persoon" authorityYear="1807" box="[2323,2442,2286,2319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tephrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tephrosia</taxonomicName>
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mossiensis (
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B246F6A6B0EC6D6D" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[1392,1531,2326,2359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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), dropped stalks offig trees, leaves, dry grass, and seeds in the dry season. The Felou
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B133F68DB3496D04" box="[1541,1630,2365,2398]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gundi">Gundi</taxonomicName>
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is the only
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<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B038F68DB2776D04" box="[1806,1888,2365,2398]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gundi">gundi</taxonomicName>
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species that has been seen drinking from oasis and water ponds in Mauritania.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B254F63CBC8F6D8E" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B254F63CBC8F6D8E" blockId="2.[1377,2587,1814,3344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B254F63CB0FC6DF7" bold="true" box="[1378,1515,2444,2477]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproduction of the Felou Gundi is poorly known. Births have been suspected to occur in mid-December—January. All knownlitters are singletons.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B257F66BB2CE6EC0" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B257F66BB2CE6EC0" blockId="2.[1377,2587,1814,3344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B257F66BB3446DA6" bold="true" box="[1377,1619,2523,2556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Similarly to the other gundis, Felou Gundis mainly sunbathe, forage, rest in the shade, and groom. A Felou Gundi was seen sunbathing in a rock with a surface temperature of 38°C. The Felou Gundi and the Common Gundi may tolerate higher temperatures than other gundi species, which may be related to availabilities of plants with higher water content.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE7B255F510B3276FA4" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B255F510B3276FA4" blockId="2.[1377,2587,1814,3344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B255F510BD556E9B" bold="true" box="[1379,2114,2720,2753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Felou Gundi lives in small family groups, sharing a territory of ¢.3000 m* with other nearby family groups. It lives in relatively dense colonies depending on the area (up to 25 ind/ha in Mali but much less in central Mauritania). Felou Gundis live in permanent shelters; they still occur at the same place where Lataste discovered them in 1885. Due to their flat and compressible thorax, all gundis are capable of flattening into narrow crevices of ¢.25 mm when threatened (even narrower for the Felou Gundi and Speke’s Gundi). Felou Gundis are noisy and emit alert calls that can go on for one-half hour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442FFFE6B252F3B3B17B653A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE6B252F3B3B17B653A" blockId="2.[1377,2587,1814,3344]" lastBlockId="3.[191,1396,280,434]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="37A5EABC442FFFE7B252F3B3B3DD687E" bold="true" box="[1380,1738,3075,3108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. A study by C. G. Vale and colleagues in 2012 concluded that the Felou Gundi was not threatened. Drought and general desertification and deforestation of the Sahel may threaten the Felou Gundi, mainly because ofits link to water availability. Felou Gundis may have been affected by past droughts (e.g. 1970s), and continued decrease in habitat quality is expected in the future because of climate change. Assessment of populations of Felou Gundis projected for the next two decades, taking into account probability of more frequent or severe droughts within its distribution,still suggests populations above the IUCN threshold given for threatened taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="51AE6626442FFFE7B75DF2C0B1BC69D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6587812" box="[107,1195,3440,3465]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6587812/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" startId="2.[107,137,3440,3465]" targetBox="[12,2737,16,2013]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="056E36AE442FFFE7B75DF2C0B1BC69D3" blockId="2.[106,1195,3440,3471]" box="[107,1195,3440,3465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
|
||
On following pages: 4. Common
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B6E1F2C0B70369D3" box="[471,532,3440,3465]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gundi">Gundi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B510F2C0B61169D3" box="[550,774,3440,3465]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gundi">Ctenodactylus gundi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 5. Desert
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B4BFF2C0B6D069D3" box="[905,967,3440,3465]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gundi">Gundi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2D14D2D442FFFE7B4EEF2C0B1B769D3" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[984,1184,3440,3465]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Ctenodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vali">Ctenodactylus vali</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DCB6525442EFFE6B7F6FEDFB06765F5" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="056E36AE442EFFE6B7F6FEDFB06765F5" blockId="3.[191,1396,280,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="37A5EABC442EFFE6B7F6FEDFB44465D2" bold="true" box="[192,339,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aulagnier (2008b), Dieterlen (2005b), George (1974, 1978, 1981a, 2001), Gouat (2013), Granjon & Duplantier (2011), Honigs & Greven (2003), Lopez-Antonanzas & Knoll (2011), Padial & Telleria (2009), Vale et al. (2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |