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<mods:title id="E8FC6E0FABEBE24348989DBF120CB3A9">An annotated and revised checklist of pleurostome ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Slovakia, Central Europe</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="E5C816FDFFB40325FF43FC19F86FFC59" ID-CoL="6QKP5" authority="Maupas, 1888" authorityName="Maupas" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,530,966,991]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Litonotidae" genus="Litonotus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleurostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FF43FC19F86FFC59" bold="true" box="[151,530,966,991]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FF43FC19FB18FC59" bold="true" box="[151,357,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Litonotus obtusus</emphasis>
Maupas,
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<paragraph id="22776D7EFFB40325FF43FC34F9B9FB85" blockId="14.[151,1436,966,1315]" box="[151,964,1002,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="E5C816FDFFB40325FF43FC34FB21FB85" ID-CoL="6QKP5" authority="Maupas, 1888" authorityName="Maupas" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,348,1003,1027]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Litonotidae" genus="Litonotus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleurostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="obtusus">Litonotus obtusus</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="A3694B6FFFB40325FEA2FC35F826FB85" author="Tirjakova" box="[374,603,1002,1027]" page="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="4659108FFFB40325FEA2FC35F826FB85" author="Tirjakova, E." box="[374,603,1002,1027]" firstAuthor="Tirjakova" journalOrPublisher="Folia faunistica Slovaca" page="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="7 - 22" part="2" refId="ref13808" refString="Tirjakova, E. (1997 a) Nalevniky (Ciliophora) prameniska pod Velkym Javornikom [Ciliophora of the spring area below the Velky Javornik]. Folia faunistica Slovaca, 2, 7 - 22. [in Slovak with English title translation and summary]" title="Nalevniky (Ciliophora) prameniska pod Velkym Javornikom [Ciliophora of the spring area below the Velky Javornik]" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="a">
Tirjaková
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FE3DFC34F859FB85" box="[489,548,1003,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="1997.0">1997</number>
a:
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FDE8FC35F826FB85" box="[572,603,1002,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="16.0">16</number>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="A3694B6FFFB40325FDB3FC35F9BDFB85" author="Tirjakova" box="[615,960,1002,1027]" page="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="4659108FFFB40325FDB3FC35F9BDFB85" author="Tirjakova, E. &amp; Stloukal, E." box="[615,960,1002,1027]" firstAuthor="Tirjakova" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava" page="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="11 - 21" part="59" refId="ref14407" refString="Tirjakova, E. &amp; Stloukal, E. (2004) Structure and dynamics of ciliated protozoa (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in an acidified spring area of the Male Karpaty Mts. Biologia, Bratislava, 59 / Supplement. 15, 11 - 21." title="Structure and dynamics of ciliated protozoa (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in an acidified spring area of the Male Karpaty Mts" type="journal article" year="2004">
Tirjaková &amp; Stloukal
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FC8EFC34F9EAFB85" box="[858,919,1003,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="2004.0">2004</number>
:
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FC75FC34F9BDFB85" box="[929,960,1003,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="17.0">17</number>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6AD23EF5FFB40325FF13FBD1FE3EFBE8" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" type="description">
<paragraph id="22776D7EFFB40325FF13FBD1FE3EFBE8" blockId="14.[151,1436,966,1315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FF13FBD1F83EFBA1" bold="true" box="[199,579,1038,1063]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Main morphological characters</emphasis>
(according to
<bibRefCitation id="4659108FFFB40325FD3FFBD1F91BFBA1" author="Kahl, A." box="[747,870,1038,1063]" firstAuthor="Kahl" journalOrPublisher="Die Tierwelt Deutschlands" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="181 - 398" part="21" refId="ref12261" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 2. Holotricha ausser den im 1. Teil behandelten Prostomata. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." title="Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 2. Holotricha ausser den im 1. Teil behandelten Prostomata" type="journal article" year="1931">
Kahl
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FCFEFBD0F91BFBA1" box="[810,870,1039,1063]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="1931.0">1931</number>
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). Body lanceolate with broadly rounded posterior body end; left side vaulted and without median rib. Contractile vacuole dorsal and distinctly subterminal. Nuclear apparatus, extrusomes and ciliary pattern not described; possibly as in
<taxonomicName id="E5C816FDFFB40325FC79FB88FE40FBE8" box="[941,1085,1111,1134]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Litonotidae" genus="Litonotus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleurostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="carinatus">
<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FC79FB88FE40FBE8" box="[941,1085,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Li. carinatus</emphasis>
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FF13FBA5FB1DFB15" bold="true" box="[199,352,1146,1171]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5C816FDFFB40325FEBEFBA4F84EFB15" box="[362,563,1147,1171]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Litonotidae" genus="Litonotus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleurostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FEBEFBA4F84EFB15" box="[362,563,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Litonotus obtusus</emphasis>
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was found in the debris of the spring area below the Veľký Javorník,
<collectingCountry id="5ADF2DEEFFB40325FAB6FBA5FFE1FB15" box="[1378,1436,1146,1171]" name="Malta" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Malé</collectingCountry>
Karpaty Mts (
<bibRefCitation id="4659108FFFB40325FEE6FB41FB93FB31" author="Tirjakova, E." box="[306,494,1182,1207]" firstAuthor="Tirjakova" journalOrPublisher="Folia faunistica Slovaca" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="7 - 22" part="2" refId="ref13808" refString="Tirjakova, E. (1997 a) Nalevniky (Ciliophora) prameniska pod Velkym Javornikom [Ciliophora of the spring area below the Velky Javornik]. Folia faunistica Slovaca, 2, 7 - 22. [in Slovak with English title translation and summary]" title="Nalevniky (Ciliophora) prameniska pod Velkym Javornikom [Ciliophora of the spring area below the Velky Javornik]" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="a">
Tirjaková
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FE73FB40FB9CFB31" box="[423,481,1183,1207]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="1997.0">1997</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4659108FFFB40325FE2DFB41F954FB31" author="Tirjakova, E. &amp; Stloukal, E." box="[505,809,1182,1207]" firstAuthor="Tirjakova" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="11 - 21" part="59" refId="ref14407" refString="Tirjakova, E. &amp; Stloukal, E. (2004) Structure and dynamics of ciliated protozoa (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in an acidified spring area of the Male Karpaty Mts. Biologia, Bratislava, 59 / Supplement. 15, 11 - 21." title="Structure and dynamics of ciliated protozoa (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in an acidified spring area of the Male Karpaty Mts" type="journal article" year="2004">
Tirjaková &amp; Stloukal
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FD38FB40F954FB31" box="[748,809,1183,1207]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="2004.0">2004</number>
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="22776D7EFFB40325FF13FB1DF87EFAA5" blockId="14.[151,1436,966,1315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FF13FB1DFB6CFB5D" bold="true" box="[199,273,1218,1243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Notes.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4659108FFFB40325FECCFB1CF863FB5D" author="Song, W. &amp; Wilbert, N." box="[280,542,1218,1243]" firstAuthor="Song" journalOrPublisher="Bonn. Lauterbornia" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="2 - 221" part="3" refId="ref13491" refString="Song, W. &amp; Wilbert, N. (1989) Taxonomische Untersuchungen an Aufwuchsciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) im Poppelsdorfer Weiher, Bonn. Lauterbornia, 3, 2 - 221." title="Taxonomische Untersuchungen an Aufwuchsciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) im Poppelsdorfer Weiher" type="journal article" year="1989">
Song &amp; Wilbert (
<number id="94007F59FFB40325FE0FFB1CF868FB5D" box="[475,533,1219,1243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" value="1989.0">1989</number>
)
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suggested synonymization of
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<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FCA1FB1CF997FB5D" box="[885,1002,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">L. obtusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E5C816FDFFB40325FBF5FB1CFED4FB5C" box="[1057,1193,1219,1242]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Litonotidae" genus="Litonotus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleurostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="carinatus">
<emphasis id="10BCB16CFFB40325FBF5FB1CFED4FB5C" box="[1057,1193,1219,1242]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">L. carinatus</emphasis>
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. However, due to the taxonomical difficulties, we cannot exclude that both species are reliable. For further details, see Issue
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Notes and discussion on the checklist.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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