492 lines
55 KiB
XML
492 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12333" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4720622" checkinTime="1619444012732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio, Wit, Pierre De & Erséus, Christer" docDate="2016" docId="7B5287F0DE40E464E2593B6206CEC8E0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.176.485-510.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12333" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Grania brasiliensis Prantoni & Wit & Erséus 2016, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="490" masterDocId="876BFF88DE44E462E349395E0740C819" masterDocTitle="First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="510" masterPageNumber="485" pageNumber="489" updateTime="1673465143273" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wit, Pierre De</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-02-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>176</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>485</mods:start>
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<mods:end>510</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12333</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/zoj.12333</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4720622</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B5287F0DE40E464E2593B6206CEC8E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B5287F0DE40E464E2593B6206CEC8E0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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<subSubSection box="[272,630,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[272,630,572,625]" box="[272,630,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
<heading box="[272,630,572,593]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3H7YG" ID-ENA="1702332" authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[272,531,572,593]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">GRANIA BRASILIENSIS</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[538,630,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
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SP.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[578,630,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">NOV.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[272,630,572,625]" box="[398,504,604,625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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<figureCitation box="[398,504,604,625]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[144,221,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[147,1421,1256,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-486@4.[144,1424,1253,1822]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Grania brasiliensis sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, clitellar cell pattern, oriented diagonally. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720624/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">FIGURE 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,759,642,940]" box="[144,243,642,663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis box="[144,243,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
<typeStatus box="[144,243,642,663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[144,759,642,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="KT428110" collectingDate="2013-08-19" collectionCode="ZUEC" collectorName="A. L. Prantoni & GenBank" country="Brazil" elevation="7" latitude="-25.548332" location="Ponta do Poco" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.388336" municipality="Paranagua Bay" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" specimenCode="CLI 04" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<collectionCode box="[144,213,673,694]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">ZUEC</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode box="[218,296,673,694]" collectionCode="ZUEC" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">CLI 04</specimenCode>
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||
, individual CE20734, whole-mounted, sexually mature specimen, with some segments amputated, from
|
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B5287F0DE40E464E2593B6206CEC8E0:F624603DDE40E466E2563B80068CCAEA" box="[287,460,734,756]" country="Brazil" latitude="-25.548332" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.388336" municipality="Paranagua Bay" name="Ponta do Poco" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" stateProvince="Parana">Ponta do Poço</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[475,658,734,756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Paranaguá Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Paraná State</collectingRegion>
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||
, southern coast of
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||
<collectingCountry box="[413,483,765,787]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[494,615,764,786]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-25.548332">25°32′54″S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[627,755,764,786]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-48.388336">48°23′18″W</geoCoordinate>
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, estuarine subtidal,
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<elevation box="[366,483,795,817]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="7.0">
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<quantity box="[366,408,796,817]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, medium to coarse sand with some mud, and lots of shell and cirriped fragments. Collected by
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<collectorName box="[382,553,856,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">A. L. Prantoni</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[568,755,857,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" value="2013-08-19">
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<collectingDate box="[568,755,857,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" value="2013-08-19">19 August 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<emphasis box="[144,190,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">COI</emphasis>
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barcode sequence,
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<collectorName box="[405,510,887,909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">GenBank</collectorName>
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acc. no
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<accessionNumber box="[600,717,887,908]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KT428110" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">KT428110</accessionNumber>
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; for other sequence data, see
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<tableCitation box="[440,524,918,940]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[31,95,393,414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens of the new species used for genetic analysis, with places of origin, voucher numbers, and GenBank accession numbers" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,354,986,1038]" box="[144,263,986,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
<emphasis box="[144,263,986,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Etymology</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,354,986,1038]" box="[144,354,1016,1038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
Named for
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||
<collectingCountry box="[277,350,1016,1038]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,759,1085,1198]" box="[144,257,1085,1106]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,257,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
<typeStatus box="[144,257,1085,1106]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,759,1085,1198]" lastBlockId="4.[806,1421,197,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
<materialsCitation box="[144,308,1115,1137]" collectionCode="ZUEC" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" specimenCode="CLI 05" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectionCode box="[144,216,1115,1136]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">ZUEC</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[223,308,1115,1137]" collectionCode="ZUEC" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">CLI 05</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[323,412,1115,1137]" collectionCode="ZUEC" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" specimenCode="CLI 07" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[323,412,1115,1137]" collectionCode="ZUEC" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">CLI 07</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-10-28" collectionCode="ZUEC" collectorName="A. L. Prantoni" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.828056" location="Ponta do Baleeiro" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-45.423058" municipality="Sao Sebastiao" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
three whole-mounted adult mature specimens, one from the type locality and two from the rocky promontory of the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B5287F0DE40E464E2593B6206CEC8E0:F624603DDE40E466E16C3DC705B7CCB7" box="[549,759,1176,1198]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.828056" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-45.423058" municipality="Sao Sebastiao" name="Ponta do Baleeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Ponta do Baleeiro</location>
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||
beach,
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[884,1041,197,219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">São Sebastião</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1052,1232,197,219]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
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||
, south-east coast of
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||
<collectingCountry box="[833,902,227,249]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[914,1034,227,249]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-23.828056">23°49′41″S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1046,1173,227,249]" degrees="45" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-45.423058">45°25′23″W</geoCoordinate>
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, lower intertidal pond, gravel and coarse sand with shell fragments,
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||
<collectorName pageId="4" pageNumber="489">A. L. Prantoni</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[924,1118,289,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" value="2012-10-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[924,1118,289,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" value="2012-10-28">28 October 2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus box="[1131,1246,289,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
not barcoded
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[806,1422,351,1198]" box="[806,935,351,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
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||
<emphasis box="[806,935,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Description</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[806,1422,351,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[806,906,381,403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
>
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||
<quantity box="[933,1030,381,403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.71" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="5.71">5.71 mm</quantity>
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long,> 38 segments (posterior end used for genetic analyses),
|
||
<quantity box="[1100,1194,411,433]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
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||
wide at segment III,
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||
<quantity box="[806,905,442,464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
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||
wide at segment XII, and
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<quantity box="[1224,1323,442,463]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
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||
wide at segment XXI.
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<typeStatus box="[986,1110,473,494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(complete adults)
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.49" metricValueMax="13.7" metricValueMin="5.28" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="9.49" valueMax="13.7" valueMin="5.28">5.28– 13.7 mm</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis box="[917,932,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
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||
= 3), 40–61 segments (
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||
<emphasis box="[1188,1203,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
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||
= 3),
|
||
<quantity box="[1266,1421,503,525]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.14 mm</quantity>
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||
wide at segment III,
|
||
<quantity box="[1034,1187,534,556]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.15 mm</quantity>
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||
wide at segment XII,
|
||
<quantity box="[806,959,564,586]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.17" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.17 mm</quantity>
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||
wide at segment XXI (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1210,1225,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
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||
= 2;
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||
<specimenCount box="[1278,1421,565,586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
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||
not suitable for width measurements). Prostomium small, rounded, 45–65 μm long, 39–81 μm wide (
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||
<emphasis box="[1351,1366,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
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||
= 4); epidermis not reduced at front tip, 7–16 μm thick. Ventral chaetae from segment IV, lateral chaetae from segment XVII (
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||
<emphasis box="[974,989,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) or segment XVIII (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1252,1267,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
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||
= 2). Chaetae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[814,892,748,770]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[144,221,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[147,1421,1256,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-486@4.[144,1424,1253,1822]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Grania brasiliensis sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, clitellar cell pattern, oriented diagonally. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720624/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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||
) 35–60 μm long, shaft straight, 3.5–5.0 μm thick at midpoint, L-shaped, proximally bent into a short oblique foot, with low instep and receding heel. Chaetal index (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erseus C & Rota E" box="[886,1131,840,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" pagination="892 - 900" refId="ref17321" refString="Erseus C, Rota E. 2003. New findings and an overview of the oligochaetous Clitellata (Annelida) of the North Atlantic deep sea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116: 892 - 900." type="journal article" year="2003">Rota & Erséus, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
) 3.61 ± 0.56 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1291,1306,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5). Epidermal gland cells inconspicuous. Clitellum (not well developed in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1000,1096,901,923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
) maximally 18 μm thick, extending over segment XII and anterior half of segment XIII, comprising more or less regular transverse rows of hyaline cells alternating with granular cells; hyaline cells more abundant than granular cells; both types of cell absent midventrally between male pores (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[878,956,1084,1106]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[144,221,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[147,1421,1256,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-486@4.[144,1424,1253,1822]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Grania brasiliensis sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, clitellar cell pattern, oriented diagonally. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720624/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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||
). Spermathecal pores paired, lateral, somewhat posterior to 4/5. Male pores ventrolateral in middle of segment XII. Female pores ventrolateral, just posterior to 12/13. Anus directed ventrad (
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||
<typeStatus box="[1266,1383,1176,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4720624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720624/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" startId="4.[144,221,1852,1871]" targetBox="[147,1421,1256,1819]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,1422,1852,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,570,1852,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[257,480,1852,1871]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[257,480,1852,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="489">Grania brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[486,570,1852,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="489" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, clitellar cell pattern, oriented diagonally. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[164,780,197,1137]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Brain posteriorly indented. Head organ (
|
||
<emphasis box="[655,718,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Erseus C" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="169 - 183" refId="ref18340" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1996. Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 2: 169 - 183." type="journal article" year="1996">Rota & Erséus, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) absent. Pharyngeal glands in segments IV–VI; dorsal lobes present in segment IV (one pair), segment V (one pair), and in segment VI (one pair), ventral lobes present in segment IV (one pair), segment V (two pairs), and in segment VI (two pairs); glands not connected dorsally. Nephridia not observed. Chloragogen cells inconspicuous. Dorsal blood vessel arising in segment XIX or XX. Coelomocytes sparse, small, up to 11.5 μm long, irregularly oval or circular; cytoplasm with fine granulation around cell nucleus. Sperm sac extending into segments XIV– XVI. Egg sac extending into segments XVII–XXII. Sperm funnels very long, in segments XI–XII (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[594,692,595,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) or segments XI–XIV (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[334,429,625,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), 10–12 times longer than wide, directed posteriorly (
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,421,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[490,575,656,678]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[144,221,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[147,1421,1256,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-486@4.[144,1424,1253,1822]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Grania brasiliensis sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, clitellar cell pattern, oriented diagonally. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720624/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vasa deferentia 7 μm wide, coiled and reaching at least into segment XV. Penial apparatus type 1 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[435,495,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA" box="[501,640,717,739]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref16484" refString="Coates KA. 1984. Specific criteria in Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Hydrobiologia 115: 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="1984">Coates, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with small, round bulb, 59 μm long, 62 μm wide (
|
||
<emphasis box="[613,628,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1), or oval bulb, 69 μm long, 38 μm wide (
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,537,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1); bulb glandular, surrounding a simple invaginated male pore; stylet absent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[264,355,839,861]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[144,221,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[147,1421,1256,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-486@4.[144,1424,1253,1822]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Grania brasiliensis sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, clitellar cell pattern, oriented diagonally. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720624/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Midventral copulatory gland (in segment XIV) present. Spermathecae communicating with the oesophagus close to septum 5/6 through narrow ental ducts. Ectal ducts spindle-shaped, thick-walled, muscular, 67–79 μm long, 31–40 μm thick at midcourse, joining ampullar cavity through conspicuous deep conical intrusion. Ampullae 41–66 μm long, 36–59 μm wide; oval, ectally granulated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[456,540,1053,1076]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[144,221,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[147,1421,1256,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-486@4.[144,1424,1253,1822]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Grania brasiliensis sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, clitellar cell pattern, oriented diagonally. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720624/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). No glands at ectal pores of spermathecae. Sperm rings not observed in ampullae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[164,779,1176,1901]" box="[164,265,1176,1197]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis box="[164,265,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[164,779,1176,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
The combination of the long sperm funnel, presence of a midventral copulatory gland in segment XIV, and the unusual clitellum, with hyaline cells more abundant than granular cells, may differentiate this new species from all other described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BRASILIENSIS" authorityYear="2016" box="[664,746,1329,1350]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[664,746,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[164,779,1176,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[188,408,1359,1381]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[188,408,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[414,499,1360,1381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appears to be similar to the Caribbean species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1966" box="[429,582,1390,1412]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[429,582,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the shape of the spermathecae, total length, and number of segments. In addition, the genetic analyses indicate that these two species are closely related (see Phylogenetic analyses). There are at least two obvious morphological differences, however:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1966" box="[487,651,1543,1565]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[487,651,1543,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[318,477,1574,1595]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[318,477,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[482,565,1574,1595]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by its large glands at the spermathecal pores and the presence of a head organ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[164,779,1176,1901]" lastBlockId="5.[826,1442,197,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Two species from the South Atlantic, sub-Antarctic island of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[286,468,1696,1718]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Michaelsen, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monochaeta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[536,778,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania monochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen W" box="[171,362,1727,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="53 - 73" refId="ref18076" refString="Michaelsen W. 1888. Die Oligochaeten von Sud-Georgien nach Ausbeute der deutschen Station von 1882 - 83. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen wissenschaftliche Anstalten 5: 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1888">Michaelsen, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rota & Erseus, 1997" authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="1997" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lasserrei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[426,604,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania lasserrei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Erseus C" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="27 - 42" refId="ref18373" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1997. A re-examination of Grania monochaeta (Michaelsen) (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae), with descriptions of two new species from Subantarctic South Georgia. Journal of Natural History 31: 27 - 42." type="journal article" year="1997">Rota & Erséus, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, share the presence of a midventral copulatory gland (in segment XIV) with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[500,663,1788,1809]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,663,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[670,754,1788,1809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A third species from the same island,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rota & Erseus, 1997" authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="1997" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stephensoniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania stephensoniana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Erseus C" box="[337,565,1849,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="27 - 42" refId="ref18373" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1997. A re-examination of Grania monochaeta (Michaelsen) (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae), with descriptions of two new species from Subantarctic South Georgia. Journal of Natural History 31: 27 - 42." type="journal article" year="1997">Rota & Erséus, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also seems to have this gland, but it was not clearly seen because of the poor quality of the specimens available for the original description (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Erseus C" box="[1123,1428,227,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="27 - 42" refId="ref18373" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1997. A re-examination of Grania monochaeta (Michaelsen) (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae), with descriptions of two new species from Subantarctic South Georgia. Journal of Natural History 31: 27 - 42." type="journal article" year="1997">Rota & Erséus, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="1997" box="[826,1039,258,279]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stephensoniana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,1039,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. stephensoniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also larger than all the other species just mentioned.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1101,1325,288,310]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monochaeta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1101,1325,288,310]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania monochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[863,1045,319,340]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[863,1045,319,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1054,1148,319,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the location of the spermathecal pores (at some distance from 4/5), but it has glands at its spermathecal pores and stylets in its penial bulbs;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[1008,1164,411,432]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1008,1164,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1169,1250,411,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lacks these characters. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="1997" box="[968,1093,441,463]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lasserrei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1093,441,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. lasserrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="1997" box="[1150,1351,441,463]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stephensoniana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1150,1351,441,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. stephensoniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a head organ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Erseus C" box="[998,1246,472,494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="169 - 183" refId="ref18340" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1996. Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 2: 169 - 183." type="journal article" year="1996">Rota & Erséus, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a structure observed neither in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[1064,1246,502,524]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1064,1246,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1255,1348,503,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
nor in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[826,994,533,554]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monochaeta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,994,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. monochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[826,1442,197,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
The presence of a copulatory gland in segment XIV is also characteristic of the Tasmanian species
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rota & Erseus, 2000" authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="2000" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tasmaniae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania tasmaniae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Erseus C" box="[954,1198,625,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref18416" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 2000. Two new and peculiar species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inhabiting Tasmanian estuaries. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="2000">Rota & Erséus, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but like
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="1997" box="[1312,1441,625,646]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lasserrei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1441,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. lasserrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota & Erseus" authorityYear="1997" box="[880,1088,655,677]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stephensoniana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,1088,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. stephensoniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species also has a head organ, and furthermore, an unusual
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1345,1398,687,708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of coelomocytes; according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Erseus C" box="[1126,1370,717,739]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref18416" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 2000. Two new and peculiar species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inhabiting Tasmanian estuaries. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="2000">Rota & Erséus (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, these cells resemble the spindle-shaped coelomocytes found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nielsen & Christensen" authorityYear="1959" box="[857,1038,778,799]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cernosvitoviella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,1038,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Cernosvitoviella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Friend" authorityYear="1913" box="[1280,1442,778,799]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1442,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Chamaedrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[942,1051,809,830]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[942,1051,809,830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Cognettia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinsson S & Rota E & Erseus C" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="257 - 277" refId="ref18034" refString="Martinsson S, Rota E, Erseus C. 2014. Revision of Cognettia (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): re-establishment of Chamaedrilus and description of cryptic species in the sphagnetorum complex. Systematics and Biodiversity 13: 257 - 277." type="journal article" year="2014">Martinsson, Rota & Erséus, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[826,1442,197,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Despite sharing some characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[826,989,900,922]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,989,900,922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[996,1083,901,922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, all of the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
described below (see their respective remarks), have sperm funnels that are short, not long as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[826,989,992,1013]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,989,992,1013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[996,1083,993,1014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and a clitellar epidermis that seems to contain only granular cells (no rows of hyaline cells as in the Brazilian species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[826,1442,197,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
The length of the sperm funnels and the absence of stylets also distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[1127,1290,1114,1136]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1127,1290,1114,1136]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1296,1381,1115,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Erseus & Lasserre, 1976" authorityName="Erseus & Lasserre" authorityYear="1976" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1220,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erseus C & Lasserre P" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref17251" refString="Erseus C, Lasserre P. 1976. Taxonomic status and geographic variation of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania Southern (Oligochaeta). Zoologica Scripta 5: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1976">Erséus & Lasserre, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Locke & Coates, 1999" authorityName="Locke & Coates" authorityYear="1999" box="[891,1305,1176,1198]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="laxartus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[891,1063,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania laxartus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Locke JM & Coates KA" box="[1070,1305,1176,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="598 - 623" refId="ref17925" refString="Locke JM, Coates KA. 1999. Redescriptions of Grania americana, G. bermudensis and descriptions of two new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Bermuda. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 112: 598 - 623." type="journal article" year="1999">Locke & Coates, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Locke & Coates, 1999" authorityName="Locke & Coates" authorityYear="1999" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hylae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania hylae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Locke JM & Coates KA" box="[897,1155,1206,1228]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="598 - 623" refId="ref17925" refString="Locke JM, Coates KA. 1999. Redescriptions of Grania americana, G. bermudensis and descriptions of two new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Bermuda. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 112: 598 - 623." type="journal article" year="1999">Locke & Coates, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, these species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[947,1099,1237,1258]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1099,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1104,1183,1237,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by their complex penial apparatus, and the presence of a head organ in both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Locke & Coates" authorityYear="1999" box="[826,953,1298,1319]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="laxartus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,953,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. laxartus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Locke & Coates" authorityYear="1999" box="[1016,1110,1298,1319]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hylae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1016,1110,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. hylae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[826,1442,197,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[997,1177,1329,1351]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[997,1081,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with elongate sperm funnels, a pattern of clitellar cells similar to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[826,989,1390,1411]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,989,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[996,1083,1390,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, i.e. alternating rows of granular and hyaline cells, has also been described for the Western Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rota, Wang & Erseus, 2007" authorityName="Rota, Wang & Erseus" authorityYear="2007" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sperantia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1064,1263,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania sperantia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Wang H & Erseus C" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="999 - 1023" refId="ref18577" refString="Rota E, Wang H, Erseus C. 2007. The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History 41: 999 - 1023." type="journal article" year="2007">Rota, Wang & Erséus, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, this species lacks lateral chaetae and has an unsually long clitellum (extending over segments XI–XIII and sometimes over a part of segment XIV), with a thicker and more complex ‘multiband’ pattern, i.e. the hyaline cells are more numerous than the granular cells only at the two ends (‘borders of clitellum’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E & Wang H & Erseus C" box="[1088,1282,1665,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="999 - 1023" refId="ref18577" refString="Rota E, Wang H, Erseus C. 2007. The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History 41: 999 - 1023." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Rota
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1199,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[826,1442,197,1901]" lastBlockId="6.[144,758,197,249]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">
|
||
The sperm funnels are very long (between nine and 18 times longer than wide), in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[1187,1350,1726,1748]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1187,1350,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1357,1442,1727,1748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota, Wang & Erseus" authorityYear="2007" box="[880,1020,1757,1779]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sperantia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,1020,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">G. sperantia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as in the other Australian species
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Coates & Stacey, 1993" authorityName="Coates & Stacey" authorityYear="1993" box="[910,1352,1788,1809]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[910,1100,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania conjuncta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA & Stacey DF" box="[1107,1352,1788,1809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="391 - 414" refId="ref16608" refString="Coates KA, Stacey DF. 1993. The marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. In: Wells FE, Walker DI, Kirkman H, Lethbridge R, eds. Proceedings of the fifth international marine biological workshop: the marine flora and fauna of rottnest island. Western Australia: Western Australian Museum, 391 - 414." type="book chapter" year="1993">Coates & Stacey, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Coates & Stacey, 1993" authorityName="Coates & Stacey" authorityYear="1993" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vacivasa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania vacivasa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA & Stacey DF" box="[926,1171,1818,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="391 - 414" refId="ref16608" refString="Coates KA, Stacey DF. 1993. The marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. In: Wells FE, Walker DI, Kirkman H, Lethbridge R, eds. Proceedings of the fifth international marine biological workshop: the marine flora and fauna of rottnest island. Western Australia: Western Australian Museum, 391 - 414." type="book chapter" year="1993">Coates & Stacey, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Coates & Stacey, 1997" authorityName="Coates & Stacey" authorityYear="1997" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eurystila">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1182,1361,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania eurystila</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA & Stacey DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="67 - 79" refId="ref16676" refString="Coates KA, Stacey DF. 1997. Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta: Annelida) of the lower shore and shallow subtidal of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. In: Hanley J, Caswell G, Megirian D, Larson H, eds. Proceedings of the sixth international marine biological workshop: the marine flora and fauna of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. Darwin: Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory and the Australian Marine Sciences Association, 67 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1997">Coates & Stacey, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Coates & Stacey, 1997" authorityName="Coates & Stacey" authorityYear="1997" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="integra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1066,1238,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="490">Grania integra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA & Stacey DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="490" pagination="67 - 79" refId="ref16676" refString="Coates KA, Stacey DF. 1997. Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta: Annelida) of the lower shore and shallow subtidal of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. In: Hanley J, Caswell G, Megirian D, Larson H, eds. Proceedings of the sixth international marine biological workshop: the marine flora and fauna of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. Darwin: Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory and the Australian Marine Sciences Association, 67 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1997">Coates & Stacey, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, all these species are totally devoid of lateral chaetae, which is not the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni & Wit & Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[144,306,227,249]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="491" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,306,227,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="491">G. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[314,398,228,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="491" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |