treatments-xml/data/77/B1/E4/77B1E4E5BE995DAB964F94597F3AB7ED.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755" ID-GBIF-Dataset="631d2d24-5942-4369-800b-5c05f3cf5ee2" ID-PMC="PMC8613134" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-185-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2116A8BE272B57538FAB33FFE290731D" ID-PubMed="34840505" ModsDocID="1314-2003-185-99" checkinTime="1637199288090" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lavandero, Nicolas, Santilli, Ludovica &amp; Perez, Fernanda" docDate="2021" docId="77B1E4E5BE995DAB964F94597F3AB7ED" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 185: 99-116" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 185" docPubDate="2021-11-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755" docTitle="Calceolaria flavida Lavandero &amp; Santilli 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2116A8BE272B57538FAB33FFE290731D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2116A8BE272B57538FAB33FFE290731D" masterDocTitle="Calceolaria flavida (Calceolariaceae) a new endemic species to central Chile" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668140522405" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Calceolaria flavida (Calceolariaceae) a new endemic species to central Chile</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lavandero, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-5078</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nglavand@uc.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santilli, Ludovica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Area Botanica, Interior Parque Quinta Normal S / N, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Perez, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-11-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>185</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>99</mods:start>
<mods:end>116</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-185-99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2116A8BE272B57538FAB33FFE290731D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302690" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77B1E4E5BE995DAB964F94597F3AB7ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77B1E4E5BE995DAB964F94597F3AB7ED" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName LSID="77B1E4E5-BE99-5DAB-964F-94597F3AB7ED" authority="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolariaceae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida" status="sp. nov.">Calceolaria flavida Lavandero &amp; Santilli</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Indumentum type in leaves of Calceolaria A, C, E upper leaf surface B, D, F lower leaf surface A, B Calceolaria asperula (Lavandero 409 (SGO )) C, D Calceolaria flavida (Lavandero &amp; Santilli 201027 (SGO )) E, F Calceolaria petioalaris (B. Rosende s / n). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611518" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 2C-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral and frontal view of flowers (from left to right) of Calceolaria A, B Calceolaria asperula (Lavandero 409 (SGO )) C, D Calceolaria flavida (Lavandero &amp; Santilli 201027 (SGO )) E, F Calceolaria petioalaris (B. Rosende s / n)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611519" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 3C-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral cross-section view of flowers of Calceolaria and detail of elaiophores A, B Calceolaria asperula (Lavandero 409 (SGO )) C, D Calceolaria flavida (Lavandero &amp; Santilli 201027 (SGO )) E, F Calceolaria petioalaris (B. Rosende s / n)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611520" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 4C-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Calceolaria flavida A habit B upper side view of flower C lateral view of flower D frontal view of flower with upper lip open E frontal view of flower F detail of abaxial side of leaf G detail of adaxial side of leaf H detail of stems I detail of early-flowering inflorescence." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611521" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitat of Calceolaria flavida A NW-facing slopes dominated by Puya coerulea var. Puya coerulea coerulea, Lithraea caustica and Gochnatia foliolosa (Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble, Region Metropolitana, Chile) B, C habit of Calceolaria flavida." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611522" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 6B-C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. asperula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="asperula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. asperula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. petioalaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="petioalaris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. petioalaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in growth habit and in having leaves of similar shape covered in glandular hairs. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can easily be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. asperula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="asperula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. asperula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having pale yellow corolla (vs. bright yellow), the upper lip longer than half the length of the lower lip (vs. upper lip shorter than half the length of the lower lip), anthers much shorter than filaments and opening towards the distal part of the upper lip (vs. anthers as long as filaments and opening toward the style) and an elaiophore with densely arranged oil-producing trichomes (vs. dispersed oil producing trichomes). It can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. petioalaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="petioalaris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. petioalaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its reddish stems (vs. green), secondary and tertiary veins of the adaxial side of leaf lamina visibly impressed (vs. secondary and tertiary veins of the adaxial side of leaf lamina slightly impressed), pale yellow corolla (vs. bright yellow), upper lip narrower than lower lip seen from above (vs. upper lip as wide as lower lip), lips rounded in shape (vs. squared), saccate upper lip (vs. flat), and style inserted in corolla (vs. exserted).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-12-17" collectorName="Cerro El Roble, N. Garcia, M. Munoz" country="Chile" elevation="1674" latitude="-32.998333" location="Cerro El Roble" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-71.02417" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region Metropolitana" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
Metropolitana
</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77B1E4E5BE995DAB964F94597F3AB7ED:86157B4277B90C5AC17D84B5276FD29E" country="Chile" latitude="-32.998333" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-71.02417" name="Cerro El Roble" stateProvince="Region Metropolitana">Cerro El Roble</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.674" unit="m" value="1674.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.674" unit="m" value="1674.0">1674 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-32.998333">32°59'54&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
- 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-71.02417">71°01'27&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2006-12-17">17-12-2006</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>
N. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
3836
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
SGO 157641!)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611518" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Indumentum 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
in leaves of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, C, E</emphasis>
upper leaf surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, D, F</emphasis>
lower leaf surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria asperula" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asperula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria asperula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lavandero 409 (SGO)) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lavandero &amp; Santilli 201027 (SGO)) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria petioalaris" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petioalaris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria petioalaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Rosende s/n). Scale bar: 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Perennial</emphasis>
herb up to 60 cm; base lignified, growth form type 6 sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Ehrhart, C" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 283" refId="B11" refString="Ehrhart, C, 2000. Die Gattung Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in Chile. Bibliotheca Botanica 153: 1 - 283" title="Die Gattung Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in Chile." volume="153" year="2000">Ehrhart (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Stems</emphasis>
reddish, erect, lower vegetative part not branched, densely covered with glandular hairs accompanied by much longer regular hairs; internodes very short at the beginning of the growing season, giving the aspect a rosette, these internodes extend throughout the growing season, being progressively longer towards the apex; stems renewing from the lignified base every season. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite, green; lower leaves lanceolate, petiolate, base cuneate, apex acute; upper leaves ovate, sessile to partially amplexicaul, base subcordate, apex acute; (1.7-)2-7(-8.5) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(1.2-)2.5-3.5(-4) cm, margins serrate or slightly biserrate, lamina hirsute, trichomes glandular; venation impressed in the upper surface and prominent in the lower surface, secondary and tertiary veins of the adaxial side of leaf lamina visibly impressed. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Synflorescence</emphasis>
not conspicuously elevated from the vegetative part, up to 32 cm tall including the basal internode of the main florescence; basal internode 46-85 mm and as long as the internodes between the leaves at most; main inflorescence composed of 1-3 pairs of 15-19-flowered cymes; hypopodia 3.4-6.4 cm; pedicels 6.5-10.2(-20) mm; cyme bracts sessile, 14-30 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-25 mm, subordinate bracts sessile, 5-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-6 mm. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Sepals</emphasis>
green, ovate, 6.5-7.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.7-4.2 mm, densely covered in glandular hairs on both sides. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Corolla</emphasis>
pale yellow, evenly covered in glandular hairs, longitudinal axes of the lips parallel to each other, the upper lip longer than half the length of the lower lip and close to one another; lower lip saccate, rounded and lobed, 9.0-10.5 (length) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9.2 (width) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.0-6.2 (height) mm; aperture narrow and oval, facing the upper lip, depression of the upper side almost absent; upper lip saccate, rounded to truncate seen from above, narrower than lower lip seen from above, 6.8-9.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.0-9.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.0-4.1 mm; aperture wide and almost reaching the sides of the lip. 
<taxonomicName genus="Elaiophore" lsidName="Elaiophore" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Elaiophore</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type 1 (sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Ehrhart, C" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 283" refId="B11" refString="Ehrhart, C, 2000. Die Gattung Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in Chile. Bibliotheca Botanica 153: 1 - 283" title="Die Gattung Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in Chile." volume="153" year="2000">Ehrhart 2000</bibRefCitation>
), same length as the opening of the lower lip, 7.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.4 mm, folded inwards into the lower lip and covering the end of the lobe; oil-producing trichomes 190-245(-270) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, stalk generally (3-)4-6(-7)-celled and glandular head 38-44-celled, densely arranged, forming a well-defined and compact cushion. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Stamens</emphasis>
2, included in the upper lip, stamens and style almost parallel, forming an acute angle; filaments 5.1-5.4 mm; anthers shorter than filaments, dithecal, basifixed, with line of dehiscence opening towards the distal part of the upper lip, 2.7-3.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-1.4 mm; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Gynoecium</emphasis>
(ovary + style) 6.0 mm; ovary densely covered by glandular hairs; style inserted in upper lip, 4.3 mm; stigma inconspicuous. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Capsule</emphasis>
conic, acuminate, 5.3-5.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.4-3.7 mm, with sparse glandular hairs. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Seeds</emphasis>
globose, 520-600 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
280-340 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, seed surface type 3 (sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Ehrhart, C" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 283" refId="B11" refString="Ehrhart, C, 2000. Die Gattung Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in Chile. Bibliotheca Botanica 153: 1 - 283" title="Die Gattung Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in Chile." volume="153" year="2000">Ehrhart 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611519" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Lateral and frontal view of flowers (from left to right) of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria asperula" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asperula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria asperula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lavandero 409 (SGO)) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lavandero &amp; Santilli 201027 (SGO)) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria petioalaris" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petioalaris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria petioalaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Rosende s/n).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be endemic to the Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble (
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.0">33°00'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.01667">71°01' W</geoCoordinate>
), which is part of the coastal mountain range of central Chile (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Calceolaria flavida (triangles) in Chile. Roman numbers represent administrative regions (IV Coquimbo, V Valparaiso, RM Metropolitan Region, VI O'Higgins, VII Maule). Green polygons represent protected areas (La Campana National Park and Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611517" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">1</figureCitation>
). It can be found on slopes with N-NW orientation at elevations of 1450-2200 m. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on soils of granitic origin, between rocks in open areas within sclerophyllous scrub dominated by 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya coerulea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Puya coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lindl. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
var. 
<taxonomicName authority="coerulea" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya coerulea var. coerulea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="coerulea" variety="coerulea">Puya coerulea coerulea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lithraea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lithraea caustica" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caustica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lithraea caustica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Molina) Hook. &amp; Arn. and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gochnatia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gochnatia foliolosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliolosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Gochnatia foliolosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D. Don) D. Don ex Hook. &amp; Arn (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitat of Calceolaria flavida A NW-facing slopes dominated by Puya coerulea var. Puya coerulea coerulea, Lithraea caustica and Gochnatia foliolosa (Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble, Region Metropolitana, Chile) B, C habit of Calceolaria flavida." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611522" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611520" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Lateral cross-section view of flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and detail of elaiophores 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria asperula" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asperula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria asperula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lavandero 409 (SGO)) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lavandero &amp; Santilli 201027 (SGO)) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria petioalaris" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petioalaris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria petioalaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Rosende s/n).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">The species was found flowering between October and January.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611521" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
upper side view of flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
lateral view of flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
frontal view of flower with upper lip open 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
frontal view of flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
detail of abaxial side of leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
detail of adaxial side of leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
detail of stems 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
detail of early-flowering inflorescence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The specific epithet 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">flavida</emphasis>
is a singular, feminine, nominative Latin adjective alluding to pale yellow colour of corolla.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.185.71755.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611522" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Habitat of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
NW-facing slopes dominated by 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya coerulea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coerulea">Puya coerulea</taxonomicName>
var. 
<taxonomicName authority="coerulea" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya coerulea var. coerulea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="coerulea" variety="coerulea">Puya coerulea coerulea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lithraea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lithraea caustica" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caustica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lithraea caustica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gochnatia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gochnatia foliolosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliolosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Gochnatia foliolosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
Metropolitana, Chile) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, C</emphasis>
habit of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavandero &amp; Santilli" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calceolarieae" genus="Calceolaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calceolaria flavida" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calceolaria flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="flavida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C. flavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) under the IUCN categories and criteria B1ab(iii). The criterion B1 was selected because its extent of occurrence is &lt;100 km2 (0.995 km2). The criterion 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“a”">&quot;a&quot;</normalizedToken>
was selected because it is known to exist at only one location (=1). The criterion 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“b(iii)”">&quot;b(iii)&quot;</normalizedToken>
was selected because there is a projected decline in the area, extent and quality of habitat. Climate change and the persistent drought that has been affecting Central Chile represent a threat to plants that grow in the region. Starting in 2010, the Chilean territory between the Coquimbo and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Araucanía">Araucania</normalizedToken>
Regions has experienced a rise in temperature and a precipitation deficit of approximately 30% causing visible deterioration of non-irrigated vegetation as well as increasing the likeability of forest fires (Garreaud, 2015). The species grows within the Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-01-12" collectingDateMax="2020-10-27" collectingDateMin="2002-01-12" collectorName="de Chacabuco, Cerro El Roble, N. Garcia, A. Moreira, M. Munoz, El Roble, N. Lavandero, Lavandero, Santilli" country="Chile" county="Provincia de Chacabuco" location="Cerro El Roble" municipality="Caleu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region Metropolitana">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingCountry name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
Metropolitana
</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty>
Provincia 
<collectorName>de Chacabuco</collectorName>
</collectingCounty>
: 
<collectingMunicipality>Caleu</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77B1E4E5BE995DAB964F94597F3AB7ED:05AE68FF08168753FC654F4E8928ACE6" country="Chile" county="Provincia de Chacabuco" municipality="Caleu" name="Cerro El Roble" stateProvince="Region Metropolitana">Cerro El Roble</location>
</collectorName>
, antes de los potreros, 
<collectingDate value="2002-01-12">12 January 2002</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>
N. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
3863
</emphasis>
(EIF); 
<collectorName>Cerro El Roble</collectorName>
, km 5 camino a la cumbre, 
<collectingDate value="2003-01-01">1 January 2003</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>A. Moreira</collectorName>
863
</emphasis>
(SGO); Subida a 
<collectorName>Cerro El Roble</collectorName>
, poco 
<normalizedToken originalValue="más">mas</normalizedToken>
abajo Portezuelo Rauco, 
<collectingDate value="2005-10-27">27 October 2005</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
4741
</emphasis>
(SGO); Caleu, camino a 
<collectorName>El Roble</collectorName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
<normalizedToken originalValue="más">mas</normalizedToken>
abajo del corral, 
<collectingDate value="2006-12-17">17 December 2006</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>
N. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
3839
</emphasis>
(SGO); 
<collectorName>Cerro El Roble</collectorName>
, arriba del refugio a 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
desde la entrada, 
<collectingDate value="2019-11-29">29 November 2019</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>N. Lavandero</collectorName>
372
</emphasis>
(SGO); 
<collectorName>Cerro El Roble</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="2020-10-27">27 October 2020</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Lavandero</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Santilli</collectorName>
201027
</emphasis>
(SGO)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>