119 lines
15 KiB
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119 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="2AB6D63F7DA0190C1F8FD8FB4F26448D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35615276-4024-448b-baf6-a96a0697b933" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220054" ID-ZooBank="4951C68A-93C4-4777-B7D4-D7D657AE1DBC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460623009869" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mullins, Patricia L., Riley, Edward G. & Oswald, John D." docDate="2013" docId="03BDFF506D1E5076B7A4FB00FD04FE39" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p251.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oiceoptoma rugulosum Portevin 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="229" masterDocId="FF8487286D19507EB733FFE5FFEEFFF6" masterDocTitle="Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="228" updateTime="1698334092548" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FB729DAD332EA1CA64A74FC5D94EA08E">Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDF17E9F1D48122BEE7FE7964D39AAF8">Mullins, Patricia L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDC57DBF607C23B437A8E5699FD70DFD">Riley, Edward G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D64D2A4BB55ED2494521CD816CE71CFC">Oswald, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0321C489B6782E400F92C2E407C6A429">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C36305756B614F700173E4373DF15851">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="58E6FE207E965D7DAD5DA2D04222A1AD">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9BF4A1F105F8A93156E774AD900E605A">3666</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="83043275F53F574B5728DC8F7E53F932" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BDFF506D1E5076B7A4FB00FD04FE39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149455" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125814693" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149455" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDFF506D1E5076B7A4FB00FD04FE39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDFF506D1E5076B7A4FB00FD04FE39" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1E5079B7A4FB00FD47FA93" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1E5079B7A4FB00FD81FB09" blockId="7.[151,623,1253,1312]" box="[151,623,1253,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="D0E3F92A6D1E5079B7A4FB00FD81FB09" bold="true" box="[151,623,1253,1279]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1E5079B7A4FB00FD81FB09" authority="Portevin, 1903" authorityName="Portevin" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,623,1253,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" genus="Oiceoptoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosum">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B7A4FB00FD81FB09" bold="true" box="[151,623,1253,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B7A4FB00FE5DFB09" bold="true" box="[151,435,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Oiceoptoma rugulosum</emphasis>
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Portevin, 1903
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1E5079B7A4FAEDFE8FFAD6" blockId="7.[151,623,1253,1312]" box="[151,353,1288,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1E5079B7A4FAEDFF0AFAD6" box="[151,228,1288,1312]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1211,1234]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,319,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,303,1189]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Details of Texas Silphidae. 7. Oiceoptoma inaequale, ventral view, wide elytral epipleuron; 8. Oiceoptoma rugulosum, ventral view, narrow elytral epilpeuron; 9. Nicrophorus carolinus, pronotum; 10. Nicrophorus americanus, pronotum; 11. Nicrophorus americanus, tarsal empodium quadrisetose." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220056/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1E5079B7C2FAEDFEFEFAD6" box="[241,272,1288,1312]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[189,1406,526,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1416,515,1581]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Habitus of Texas Silphidae. 18, Necrophila americana; 19, Necrodes surinamensis; 20, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 21, O. noveboracense; 22, O. rugulosum; 23, Thanatophilus truncatus. All scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220058/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1E5079B628FAEDFED7FAD6" box="[283,313,1288,1312]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">35</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1E5079B676FAEDFE8FFAD6" box="[325,353,1288,1312]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">48</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1E5079B7A4FAB5FD47FA93" blockId="7.[151,681,1360,1382]" box="[151,681,1360,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1E5079B7A4FAB5FEA6FA90" box="[151,328,1360,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B7A4FAB5FEA6FA90" box="[151,328,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Silpha inaequalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1E5079B67DFAB4FD4BFA93" authority="Portevin, 1903: 333" authorityName="Portevin" authorityPageNumber="333" authorityYear="1903" box="[334,677,1360,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" rank="variety" variety="rugulosa">
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var.
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B64AFAB5FE3DFA90" box="[377,467,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">rugulosa</emphasis>
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Portevin, 1903: 333
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1E5079B7A4FA77FBA7F9A8" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1E5079B7A4FA77FCC9F9CC" blockId="7.[151,1436,1426,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B7A4FA77FEFFFA5D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1426,1451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CECE3A36D1E5079B699FA77FDC8FA5C" box="[426,550,1426,1450]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
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, broadly oval to subparallel, entirely black. Head with small eyes, short row of long erect hairs behind each eye. Pronotum broadest at base, disc with short black hairs. Elytral apices conjointly rounded; humerus with tooth; disc tricostate, intervals distally with rugulose sculpturing; epipleuron narrow in posterior half with upper horizontal portion nearly equal in width to lower vertical portion, coloration not differing from remainder of body.
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<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D1E5079B69CF9C7FE09F9CC" box="[431,487,1570,1594]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femur of males unmodified.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1E5079B7FAF9A2FBA7F9A8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1426,2026]" box="[201,1097,1606,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B7FAF9A2FEF2F9A8" bold="true" box="[201,284,1607,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Range.</emphasis>
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North
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1E5079B658F9A3FE25F9A8" box="[363,459,1606,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolina">Carolina</taxonomicName>
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south to Florida, west to Texas (Peck & Kaulbars 1987).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1E5076B7FAF98EFD04FE39" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1E5079B7FAF98EFDCEF888" blockId="7.[151,1436,1426,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B7FAF98EFE47F975" bold="true" box="[201,425,1642,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Texas distribution.</emphasis>
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See
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1E5079B6D1F98FFDDBF974" box="[482,565,1642,1666]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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. This species is widespread in the Texan and Austroriparian biotic provinces of Texas, with scattered records from the Balconian province and two records from the Kansan province (Lubbock County in the Texas Panhandle). It occurs in the following Texas vegetational areas: pineywoods, gulf prairies and marshes, post oak savannah, blackland prairies, cross timbers and prairies, south Texas plains, and Edwards Plateau. Confirmed counties (29): Anderson, Bell, Bexar, Blanco, Brazos, Comal, Dallas, Denton, Galveston, Gillespie, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Kerr, Lamar, Lee, Limestone, Lubbock, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Polk, Refugio, Robertson, San Jacinto, Travis, Tyler, Uvalde, Victoria, Walker. Collections: EGRC, PLM, TAMU, SHSU, SFAC, SRSU, TTU, UTIC.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1E5079B7FAF86FFDAAF81C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1426,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1E5079B7FAF86FFE2CF855" bold="true" box="[201,450,1930,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Seasonality in Texas.</emphasis>
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See
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1E5079B6CAF86FFDA2F854" box="[505,588,1930,1954]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
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. Adults of this species have been collected in Texas in almost every month of the year. The adult seasonality profile of this species (based on 89 occurrence records: Appendix I) is bimodal, with large peaks in the spring and fall.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D115076B7FAFF72FD44FF22" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D115076B7FAFF72FE7CFF46" bold="true" box="[201,402,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Biological Notes.</emphasis>
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Peck and Kaulbars (1987) state that this species is active in the cooler months of the year and is found in both forested and open habitats.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D115076B7FAFF05FD04FE39" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Data from examined labels. Collecting methods: UV light trap, pit-fall traps, dung beetle traps, hanging carrion trap, pit fall trap. Habitat records: sandy meadows [pit-fall trap], under bark and in dog food. Carrion records: snake [hanging carrion trap], deer, opossum, rabbit, cow, beaver, cat and snake. This species is found mostly in the eastern forested regions of Texas, with a few records from the plains regions of Texas. The Texas seasonality profile for this species shows a distinctly bimodal distribution with very few occurrence records from May to September, supporting the statement by Peck and Kaulbars (1987) that the species is active in cooler months. Life history data for this species are lacking.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |