143 lines
15 KiB
XML
143 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2B5EEBD46A34E9B4572C0BE5389277F9">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2191E5A56DB3920EB80BA730B7D1C5C5">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E94530025423341B4DFF71B63D789E48" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="758076B4ECE16A33BDFC23B2A8A8AE9B">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="491C4FF8DE36BFD36E46E449D578A624" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8AC0D7520F2C3F392728C25906769100">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1B08A7CD2763069F2905AFCCE3DAC9C7" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="75068682EF23559197C67BC2347EFE11">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="733B135483BB1D37683AE120164FDE8C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="41CFD1C5F6D51A15E58A7E224109FD44">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B76FFCCFF56FE36FE31FBA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639732" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B76FFCCFF56FE36FE31FBA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B76FFCCFF56FE36FE31FBA2" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B76FFCCFF56FE36FDEBFE25" box="[151,533,463,490]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B76FFCCFF56FE36FDEBFE25" blockId="96.[151,533,463,490]" box="[151,533,463,490]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B76FFCCFF56FE36FDEBFE25" bold="true" box="[151,533,463,490]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B76FFCCFF56FE36FDEBFE25" ID-CoL="6RXRN" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,533,463,490]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFF56FE36FDEBFE25" bold="true" box="[151,533,463,490]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFF56FE36FEB6FE25" bold="true" box="[151,328,463,490]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Nicella magna</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFE8EFE29FDEBFE25" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[335,533,464,490]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B76FFCCFF56FDEDFC70FDBA" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B76FFCCFF56FDEDFC7DFDE3" blockId="96.[151,899,532,557]" box="[151,899,532,557]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B76FFCCFF56FDEDFC7DFDE3" box="[151,899,532,557]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B76FFCCFF56FDEDFE03FDE2" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,509,532,557]" page="84" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B76FFCCFF56FDEDFE03FDE2" ID-CoL="6RXRN" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 84" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,509,532,557]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFF56FDEDFED2FDE3" box="[151,300,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Nicella magna</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFEF3FDEDFE03FDE2" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[306,509,532,557]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 84</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 141c, 142–143 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B76FFCCFD14FDECFC86FDE3" box="[725,888,532,557]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B76FFCCFF56FDA2FC70FDBA" blockId="96.[151,910,603,629]" box="[151,910,603,629]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B76FFCCFF56FD5AFE31FBA2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B76FFCCFF56FD5AFED7FD72" blockId="96.[151,1436,675,773]" box="[151,297,675,701]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B76FFCCFF06FD3EFC44FCCA" blockId="96.[151,1436,675,773]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFF06FD3EFC59FD2E" box="[199,935,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFC79FD3EFB28FD2E" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[952,1238,711,737]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 127–128</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 90, fig. 1–1d (Cuddalore);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFEECFD12FDAFFCCA" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[301,593,747,773]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFE5FFD12FE31FCCA" box="[414,463,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 298
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 140, fig. 1– 1d (Cuddalore).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B76FFCCFF06FCCAFE31FBA2" blockId="96.[151,1436,819,1133]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFF06FCCAFE62FC82" box="[199,412,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The descriptions of the Indian material, under the species name
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B76FFCCFB4BFCCAFAC8FC83" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[1162,1334,819,845]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magma">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFB4BFCCAFAC8FC83" box="[1162,1334,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Nicella magma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sic), by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFF56FCAEFEAEFCBE" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[151,336,855,881]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFE45FCAEFD84FCBE" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[388,634,855,881]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFE32FCAEFDDDFCBE" box="[499,547,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical and state that the colony “is in complete agreement with the description of the recently reported new species
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B76FFCCFD73FC82FCABFC5B" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[690,853,891,917]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFD73FC82FCABFC5B" box="[690,853,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Nicella magna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”, but their material differs markedly to the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B76FFCCFAFBFC82FA62FC5A" box="[1338,1436,891,917]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B76FFCCFF16FC66FE76FC76" box="[215,392,927,953]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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described by Grasshoff. They state that the branching of their material is dichotomous, as is the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B76FFCCFF21FC3AFEBBFC12" box="[224,325,963,989]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, whereas it is actually lateral, and in their sclerite figure the long spindles have pointed ends, a distinct waist and numerous girdles of tubercles, whereas those of the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B76FFCCFC60FC1EFBFDFBCE" box="[929,1027,999,1025]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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have rounded ends, no waist and the tubercles are “loosely scattered”. In the text the authors state that these sclerites are
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B76FFCCFB87FBF2FB54FBEA" box="[1094,1194,1035,1061]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
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long (in the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B76FFCCFAFBFBF2FA62FBEA" box="[1338,1436,1035,1061]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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they are
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B76FFCCFF38FBD7FE9FFB86" box="[249,353,1070,1097]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
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), but the scale in their figures shows the sclerites are over
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B76FFCCFC34FBD6FBB2FB86" box="[1013,1100,1071,1097]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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long. This species is possibly endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B76FFCCFEDBFBAAFE35FBA2" box="[282,459,1107,1133]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |