216 lines
25 KiB
XML
216 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3462D677685FB1C027E66A6F9C301B22">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5C6E3C2C4DDAA35CF62E02C12E08071C">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="53878A1D4D3D0AD6F418B17018D7D61A">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57413F8245865F383BBB457A34E0D857">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8F2BB3AD0E52FEFBE4E8F7EBB4FFD672">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="348E1670E71B10A1B13839B4C28E054B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D43F56BCEE9E8E9BAB91411DB9F81A2">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B52FFE8FF56FD57FE7DF962" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641101" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641101" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B52FFE8FF56FD57FE7DF962" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B52FFE8FF56FD57FE7DF962" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B52FFE8FF56FD57FD86FD08" box="[151,632,685,712]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56FD57FD86FD08" blockId="68.[151,632,685,712]" box="[151,632,685,712]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B52FFE8FF56FD57FD86FD08" bold="true" box="[151,632,685,712]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FF56FD57FD86FD08" ID-CoL="4NCN7" authority="(Pallas, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[151,632,685,712]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellum">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56FD57FD86FD08" bold="true" box="[151,632,685,712]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56FD57FE37FD07" bold="true" box="[151,457,685,712]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Psammogorgia flabellum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FE19FD54FD91FD08" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[472,623,685,711]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref105205" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Apud Franciscum Varrentrapp, Hagae Comitum, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B52FFE8FF56FD0BFD2FFCBE" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56FD0BFD3AFCC5" blockId="68.[151,708,754,809]" box="[151,708,754,778]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B52FFE8FF56FD0BFD3AFCC5" box="[151,708,754,778]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B52FFE8FF56FD0BFD3EFCC5" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[151,704,754,778]" page="211" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="1766">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FF56FD0BFD3EFCC5" authority="Pallas, 1766: 211 (Indian Ocean)" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[151,704,754,778]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellum">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56FD0BFE94FCC5" box="[151,362,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Antipathes flabellum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FEB1FD0BFDE0FCC5" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[368,542,754,778]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref105205" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Apud Franciscum Varrentrapp, Hagae Comitum, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766: 211</bibRefCitation>
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(Indian Ocean)
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56FCEBFD57FCE6" blockId="68.[151,708,754,809]" box="[151,681,785,809]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B52FFE8FF56FCEBFD57FCE6" box="[151,681,785,809]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B52FFE8FF56FCEBFD57FCE6" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." box="[151,681,785,809]" page="29" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="2011">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FF56FCEBFD57FCE6" ID-CoL="3L9QS" authority="Breedy & Guzman 2011: 29" authorityName="Breedy & Guzman" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,681,785,809]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellum">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56FCEBFE78FCE6" box="[151,390,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Heterogorgia flabellum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FE4DFCE8FD57FCE6" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." box="[396,681,785,809]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="27 - 44" refId="ref99425" refString="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M. (2011) A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae). Zootaxa, 2995 (1), 27 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2995.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">Breedy & Guzman 2011: 29</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56FCAEFD2FFCBE" blockId="68.[151,721,855,882]" box="[151,721,855,882]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Opinion: This species does not occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B52FFE8FF56FC66FE7DF962" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56FC66FED7FC76" blockId="68.[151,1437,927,1062]" box="[151,297,927,953]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF06FC3AFC4BFBEA" blockId="68.[151,1437,927,1062]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF06FC3AFC5AFC12" box="[199,932,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FC75FC3AFAFDFC12" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[948,1283,963,989]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George 1986: 106</bibRefCitation>
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, fig.
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, 1–4 (SE & SW coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FEA4FC1EFD72FBCE" author="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M." box="[357,652,999,1025]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="20 - 27" refId="ref108121" refString="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M. (1987) On five species of commercially important gorgonids new to Indian seas. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 34, 20 - 27." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & Jacob 1987: 26</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 1I, 2C;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FCE3FC1EFBCFFBCE" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Lazarus, S." box="[802,1073,999,1026]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FC42FC11FC4AFBCE" box="[899,948,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
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. 1995: 139
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</bibRefCitation>
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(NE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FB7FFC1EFF3FFBEA" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FADFFC11FAB1FBCE" box="[1310,1359,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
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. 1998: 163
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</bibRefCitation>
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(SW coast);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FE95FBF5FD5DFBEA" author="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S." box="[340,675,1035,1062]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="32 - 43" refId="ref104234" refString="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S. (2004) Gorgonids off the southwest Coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 46, 32 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Mary & Lazarus 2004: 37–38</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 14&15 (SW coast).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF06FBADFA9CFA8A" blockId="68.[151,1436,1107,1709]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF06FBADFE5FFBA2" box="[199,417,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was originally named
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FC9EFBAAFBB1FBA2" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[863,1103,1107,1133]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellum">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FC9EFBAAFBB1FBA2" box="[863,1103,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Antipathes flabellum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. In 1910, Nutting named a new species
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FEEAFB81FDC0FB5E" box="[299,574,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FEEAFB81FDC5FB5E" box="[299,571,1143,1169]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">Heterogorgia reticulata</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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</emphasis>
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which Kükenthal said was a synonym of
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FBEDFB8EFADEFB5E" box="[1068,1312,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FBEDFB8EFAE2FB5E" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[1068,1308,1143,1169]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellum">Antipathes flabellum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Following Nutting, Kükenthal placed
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FE0BFB62FD4AFB7A" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[458,692,1179,1205]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellum">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FE0BFB62FD4AFB7A" box="[458,692,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Antipathes flabellum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the genus
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FC8FFB65FB00FB7A" box="[846,1278,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FC8FFB65FC16FB7A" authorityName=", Breedy & Guzman" authorityYear="2011" box="[846,1000,1180,1205]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Heterogorgia</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FC32FB65FB00FB7A" box="[1011,1278,1179,1205]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">Heterogorgia reticulata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is actually an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FF56FB46FECEFB16" box="[151,304,1215,1241]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56FB46FECEFB16" box="[151,304,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Echinogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and therefore not a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FD52FB39FCDBFB16" box="[659,805,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FD52FB39FCDCFB16" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[659,802,1215,1241]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellum">H. flabellum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Being a Pallas species, the details of the characters of the latter are essentially unknown because the material is missing. In their revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FBE6FB1DFF1FFAEE" authority=", Breedy & Guzman (2011)" authorityName=", Breedy & Guzman" authorityYear="2011" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FBE6FB1DFB43FB32" box="[1063,1213,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Heterogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FB0BFB1AFF1FFAEE" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="27 - 44" refId="ref99425" refString="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M. (2011) A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae). Zootaxa, 2995 (1), 27 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2995.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">Breedy & Guzman (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
state that the species belongs in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FD00FAF1FC95FAEE" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[705,875,1288,1313]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FD00FAF1FC95FAEE" box="[705,875,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Psammogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has simple, planar or bushy colonies, with thick branches and only occurs on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B52FFE8FD84FAD5FD43FA89" box="[581,701,1324,1350]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">West coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
of the Americas. All Indian records, therefore, are incorrect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF06FAB6FE61F98E" blockId="68.[151,1436,1107,1709]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FF06FAB6FE17FAA6" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[199,489,1359,1385]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe a reticulate colony of an uncertain genus with spindles in the coenenchyme and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FF07FA8AFE18FA42" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[198,486,1395,1421]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref107997" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1987) Gorgonid resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Services, 74, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & George (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provide a figure of the colony described in their 1986 paper.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FB4FFA8AFA62FA42" author="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M." box="[1166,1436,1395,1421]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="20 - 27" refId="ref108121" refString="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M. (1987) On five species of commercially important gorgonids new to Indian seas. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 34, 20 - 27." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & Jacob (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe the same material as in the 1986 paper with the addition of a few more sclerite drawings, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FAE7FA6EFEF8FA19" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Lazarus, S." pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Thomas
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FA49FA61FF53FA1A" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just record the species and refer to the 1986 description.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FC4FFA42FB85FA1A" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." box="[910,1147,1467,1493]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Thomas
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FC31FA45FBD7FA1A" box="[1008,1065,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record two samples from the southwest coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B52FFE8FE56FA26FE2AFA36" box="[407,468,1503,1529]" name="India" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FE1EFA19FD15FA36" author="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S." box="[479,747,1503,1530]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="32 - 43" refId="ref104234" refString="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S. (2004) Gorgonids off the southwest Coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 46, 32 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Mary & Lazarus (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe another colony but include the same sclerite images as in Thomas & Jacob.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FE5FF9FAFD68F9D2" author="Varghese, M. & George, R. M. & Kasinathan, C." box="[414,662,1539,1566]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref109624" refString="Varghese, M., George, R. M. & Kasinathan, C. (2007) Recent gorgonid resources of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, India. Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical & Extension Series, 194, 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Varghese
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FDCDF9FDFDC3F9D2" box="[524,573,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just lists the species and provide a colony image, while Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FAA5F9FDFA6BF9D2" box="[1380,1429,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016) lists the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF06F9B2FE7DF962" blockId="68.[151,1436,1107,1709]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
The identity of the specimens in the Indian accounts is uncertain, but with a reticulate growth form and the surface of the coenenchyme full of spindle-shaped sclerites it is probable that the Indian material represents a species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FECCF96AFE7DF962" box="[269,387,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FECCF96AFE81F962" box="[269,383,1683,1709]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |