187 lines
23 KiB
XML
187 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9269E8725EE4034649055FCEDE79FB47">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F71B138AC1244346A5D2ED59FEED1AA9">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BCA00DCC571F86ADBD3CB541627788BD">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="424471B3DC43BFD49F1D0759C9F4D9DE">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="042CD9E4983310312E23B69C95D9A3A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="08DC3DA1ECA8B52018D91ACF46F8A477">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B50FFEAFF56FBABFB07F8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B50FFEAFF56FBABFB07F8AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B50FFEAFF56FBABFB07F8AB" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B50FFEAFF56FBABFCF8FBA4" box="[151,774,1105,1132]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF56FBABFCF8FBA4" blockId="70.[151,774,1105,1132]" box="[151,774,1105,1132]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B50FFEAFF56FBABFCF8FBA4" bold="true" box="[151,774,1105,1132]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFF56FBABFCF8FBA4" ID-CoL="8N5GW" authority="(Thomson & Simpson, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,774,1105,1132]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFF56FBABFCF8FBA4" bold="true" box="[151,774,1105,1132]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFF56FBABFE64FBA3" bold="true" box="[151,410,1105,1132]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea reticulata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFE68FBA8FD00FBA4" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[425,766,1105,1131]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B50FFEAFF56FB6FFB53FAC5" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF56FB6FFB5CFB61" blockId="70.[151,1436,1174,1290]" box="[151,1186,1174,1198]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B50FFEAFF56FB6FFB5CFB61" box="[151,1186,1174,1198]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B50FFEAFF56FB6FFCDFFB61" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[151,801,1174,1198]" page="207" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFF56FB6FFCDFFB61" ID-CoL="8MYXN" authority="Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 206 - 207" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityPageNumber="206 - 207" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,801,1174,1198]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFF56FB6FFE64FB61" box="[151,410,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Echinomuricea reticulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFE61FB6FFCDFFB61" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[416,801,1174,1198]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 206–207</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1, fig. 9; pl. 8, fig. 6 (Andamans).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF56FB4FFEF0FB24" blockId="70.[151,1436,1174,1290]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B50FFEAFF56FB4FFEF0FB24" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B50FFEAFF56FB4FFDC6FB02" author="Gordon, I." box="[151,568,1205,1229]" page="516" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" year="1926">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFF56FB4FFDC6FB02" ID-CoL="8N5GW" authority="Gordon 1926: 516" authorityName="Gordon" authorityPageNumber="516" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,568,1205,1229]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFF56FB4FFE8CFB02" box="[151,370,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea reticulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFEB8FB4CFDC6FB02" author="Gordon, I." box="[377,568,1205,1229]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="509 - 531" refId="ref101121" refString="Gordon, I. (1926) Notes on a number of muriceid genera (Alcyonaria, Gorgonaceae), with special reference to spiculation. Proceedings of the scientific meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1926, 509 - 531. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1926. tb 08111. x" type="journal article" year="1926">Gordon 1926: 516</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 3;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B50FFEAFD48FB4CFCACFB02" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[649,850,1205,1229]" page="48" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFD48FB4CFCACFB02" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[649,850,1205,1229]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff 1999: 48</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 80;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B50FFEAFC71FB4CFACCFB02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6077947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6077947" author="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[944,1330,1205,1229]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E8793990FD970D4C09BEC82CF3012" page="32" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFC71FB4CFACCFB02" author="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[944,1330,1205,1229]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref106453" refString="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P. (2016) A revision of Trimuricea Gordon, 1926 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Plexauridae) with the description of six new species. Zootaxa, 4105 (1), 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4105.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Samimi-Namin & Ofwegen 2016: 32</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 21c, 24–25.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF56FB0AFB53FAC5" blockId="70.[151,1436,1174,1290]" box="[151,1197,1266,1290]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B50FFEAFF56FB0AFB53FAC5" box="[151,1197,1266,1290]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B50FFEAFF56FB0AFF43FAC5" box="[151,189,1267,1290]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Not</collectingRegion>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B50FFEAFF05FB0AFC89FAC5" author="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[196,887,1266,1290]" page="43" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" year="2009">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFF05FB0AFC89FAC5" ID-CoL="8N5GW" authority="Samimi-Namin & van Ofwegen, 2009: 43" authorityName="Samimi-Namin & van Ofwegen" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="2009" box="[196,887,1266,1290]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFF05FB0AFE3AFAC5" box="[196,452,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea aff. reticulata</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFE0BFB0BFC89FAC5" author="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[458,887,1266,1290]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref106331" refString="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P. (2009) Some shallow water octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa, 2058 (1), 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2058.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Samimi-Namin & van Ofwegen, 2009: 43</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. (=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFC5FFB0AFB9EFAC5" ID-CoL="58VCN" authority="Ramvilas & Alderslade & Ranjeet, 2023" authorityName="Sammimi-Namin & van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2016" box="[926,1120,1267,1290]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFC5FFB0AFB9EFAC5" box="[926,1120,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea persica</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFBA7FB0BFB61FAC5" bold="true" box="[1126,1183,1266,1290]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266663E7B50FFEAFBA7FB0BFB61FAC5" box="[1126,1183,1266,1290]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B50FFEAFF56FACAFDFDFA12" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF56FACAFD59FA82" blockId="70.[151,679,1331,1358]" box="[151,679,1331,1358]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF56FA82FED7FA5A" blockId="70.[151,1437,1403,1502]" box="[151,297,1403,1429]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Justification:</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF06FA66FDFDFA12" blockId="70.[151,1437,1403,1502]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFF06FA66FD83FA76" box="[199,637,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">These Indian records seem to be invalid</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFD4AFA66FCA3FA76" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[651,861,1439,1465]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 49</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pl. 26, figs 1–1e (SE coast);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFB5FFA66FA66FA76" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1182,1432,1439,1466]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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||
Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFACCFA59FAC3FA76" box="[1293,1341,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 105, pl. 47, fig. 1–1e (SE coast).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B50FFEAFF06F9FEFB07F8AB" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B50FFEAFF06F9FEFB07F8AB" blockId="70.[151,1436,1542,1892]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFF06F9FEFE64F9EF" box="[199,410,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Literature analysis</emphasis>
|
||
: Originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFD70F9FFFC31F9EF" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1909" box="[689,975,1542,1568]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFD70F9FFFC31F9EF" box="[689,975,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Echinomuricea reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the species was reassigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFAE1F9FEFA62F9EF" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1926" box="[1312,1436,1543,1568]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFAE1F9FEFA62F9EF" box="[1312,1436,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Gordon and was comprehensively redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFD3FF9D3FB3BF98B" author="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[766,1221,1578,1604]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref106453" refString="Samimi-Namin, K. & van Ofwegen, L. P. (2016) A revision of Trimuricea Gordon, 1926 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Plexauridae) with the description of six new species. Zootaxa, 4105 (1), 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4105.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Samimi-Namin & van Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Both publications of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFF77F9B7FE8FF9A7" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[182,369,1614,1640]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFE68F9B7FD5BF9A7" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[425,677,1614,1640]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFDDBF9B6FDB2F9A7" box="[538,588,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe the same material, which appears to be a different species because the triradiate thornscales do not have a long narrow spine with small prickles and rather flattened rootprocess with a tuberculate margin as occurs in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B50FFEAFD12F96FFCFDF97F" box="[723,771,1686,1712]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. Also, the authors do not show any 3-rayed polyp sclerites that are typical of the genus, so without more detailed descriptions and larger illustrations of the sclerites it would be difficult to recognise their species and to distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFC1BF926FE86F8D3" authority="Sammimi-Namin & van Ofwegen, 2016" authorityName="Sammimi-Namin & van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2016" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFC1BF926FB4CF937" box="[986,1202,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea persica</emphasis>
|
||
Sammimi-Namin & van Ofwegen, 2016
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Persian
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B50FFEAFD89F8FBFD81F8D3" box="[584,639,1794,1820]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The description of Fernando’s specimen says branch anastomoses are mostly around the middle of the colony, which is hard to reconcile with the illustration.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFBADF8DFFABAF88F" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[1132,1348,1830,1856]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just list the species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFEDEF8B2FD53F8AB" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[287,685,1866,1892]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFEDEF8B2FE06F8AB" box="[287,504,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B50FFEAFE3FF8B3FD53F8AB" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[510,685,1866,1892]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) is much closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B50FFEAFBC3F8B2FB0CF8AB" authorityName="Samimi-Namin & van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2009" box="[1026,1266,1866,1892]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B50FFEAFBC3F8B2FB0CF8AB" box="[1026,1266,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trimuricea reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |