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<document id="3CC68BBC46AB741E00C27725EC3F5A10" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip &amp; Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B48FFF2FF56FD77FD26FB38" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nicella dichotoma" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ED8DC6A9F34F60C78D73E922849126FF">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B90D580FA3558E30AE192504D22BD034">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38BE3F42D0C36D682E5A93CEA25A7843">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8995209FFFAEBB8934F8C17F10ADEFC">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B48FFF2FF56FD77FD26FB38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B48FFF2FF56FD77FD26FB38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B48FFF2FF56FD77FD26FB38" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B48FFF2FF56FD77FDE6FD67" box="[151,536,654,681]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF56FD77FDE6FD67" blockId="94.[151,536,654,681]" box="[151,536,654,681]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="D0D6B03B7B48FFF2FF56FD77FDE6FD67" bold="true" box="[151,536,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B48FFF2FF56FD77FDE6FD67" ID-CoL="73Y3Q" authority="(Gray, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,536,654,681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FF56FD77FDE6FD67" bold="true" box="[151,536,654,681]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FF56FD77FE8AFD66" bold="true" box="[151,372,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Nicella dichotoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FE42FD77FDF1FD67" author="Gray, J. E." box="[387,527,654,680]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="479 - 486" refId="ref101763" refString="Gray, J. E. (1860) Description of some new genera of Lithophytes, or stony Zoophytes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859, 479 - 486." type="journal article" year="1860">Gray, 1860</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B48FFF2FF56FD37FC70FCA4" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF56FD37FD60FD29" blockId="94.[151,766,718,804]" box="[151,670,718,742]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B48FFF2FF56FD37FD60FD29" box="[151,670,718,742]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B48FFF2FF56FD37FD64FD29" ID-CoL="86WJB" authority="Gray, 1860: 481" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="481" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,666,718,742]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B48FFF2FF56FD37FDE3FD29" author="Gray, J. E." box="[151,541,718,742]" page="481" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1860">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FF56FD37FE8DFD29" box="[151,371,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scirpearia dichotoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FEBBFD37FDE3FD29" author="Gray, J. E." box="[378,541,718,742]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="479 - 486" refId="ref101763" refString="Gray, J. E. (1860) Description of some new genera of Lithophytes, or stony Zoophytes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859, 479 - 486." type="journal article" year="1860">Gray, 1860: 481</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B48FFF2FDEAFD37FD6AFD29" box="[555,660,718,742]" name="Mauritius" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF56FD15FDABFCCA" blockId="94.[151,766,718,804]" box="[151,597,748,773]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B48FFF2FF56FD15FDABFCCA" box="[151,597,748,773]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B48FFF2FF56FD15FDFDFCCA" author="Gray, J. E." box="[151,515,748,773]" page="40" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1870">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B48FFF2FF56FD15FDFDFCCA" ID-CoL="6RY3N" authority="Gray, 1870 a: 40" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,515,748,773]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FF56FD15FEA6FCCB" box="[151,344,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Nicella mauritiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FE9FFD14FDFDFCCA" author="Gray, J. E." box="[350,515,749,773]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref101896" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870 a) Catalogue of lithophytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 51 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11307" type="book" year="1870">Gray, 1870a: 40</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 12.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF56FCF2FD00FCEC" blockId="94.[151,766,718,804]" box="[151,766,779,804]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B48FFF2FF56FCF2FD00FCEC" box="[151,766,779,804]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B48FFF2FF56FCF2FD84FCEC" author="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Grasshoff, M." box="[151,634,779,804]" page="41" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B48FFF2FF56FCF2FD84FCEC" ID-CoL="73Y3Q" authority="Bayer &amp; Grasshoff 1994: 41" authorityName="Bayer &amp; Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,634,779,804]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FF56FCF2FEACFCEC" box="[151,338,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Nicella dichotoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FE99FCF5FD84FCEC" author="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Grasshoff, M." box="[344,634,779,804]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="21 - 45" refId="ref98951" refString="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Grasshoff, M. (1994) The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J. E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74 (1 / 2), 21 - 45." type="journal article" year="1994">Bayer &amp; Grasshoff 1994: 41</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 1415.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF56FCA8FC70FCA4" blockId="94.[151,910,849,876]" box="[151,910,849,876]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B48FFF2FF56FC60FD26FB38" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF56FC60FED7FC7C" blockId="94.[151,1437,921,1020]" box="[151,297,921,947]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Justification:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF06FC44FE98FC34" blockId="94.[151,1437,921,1020]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FF06FC44FC5FFC18" box="[199,929,957,983]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FC70FC44FAC1FC18" author="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M." box="[945,1343,957,983]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 &amp; 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas &amp; George, 1986: 108109</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1q, 13, x (Tuticorin).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B48FFF2FF06FBD3FD26FB38" blockId="94.[151,1437,1065,1272]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FF06FBD3FE64FB8C" box="[199,410,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Literature analysis</emphasis>
: This species was originally described by Gray as
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B48FFF2FC0AFBD3FB43FB8C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[971,1213,1065,1092]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FC0AFBD3FB43FB8C" box="[971,1213,1065,1092]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scirpearia dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B48FFF2FAC0FBD0FA90FB8C" box="[1281,1390,1065,1091]" name="Mauritius" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
and then later synonymised by the same author under
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B48FFF2FD78FBB4FBF1FBA8" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[697,1039,1101,1127]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FD78FBB4FC75FBA8" box="[697,907,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Nicella mauritiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FC50FBB4FBF1FBA8" author="Gray, J. E." box="[913,1039,1101,1127]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="405 - 408" refId="ref101845" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870) Notes on some new genera and species of alcyonoid corals in the British Museum. The Annals and magazine of natural history, Series 4, 5, 405 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937008696186" type="journal article" year="1870">Gray, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.A number of authors have recorded the species from the
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B48FFF2FEBCFB8BFE53FB43" box="[381,429,1138,1164]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">type</typeStatus>
locality, but accurate details of the sclerites were not known until the publication of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FA98FB8BFE8BFB60" author="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Grasshoff, M." pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="21 - 45" refId="ref98951" refString="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Grasshoff, M. (1994) The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J. E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74 (1 / 2), 21 - 45." type="journal article" year="1994">Bayer &amp; Grasshoff (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. The specimen described as this species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FC9BFB6CFB84FB60" author="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M." box="[858,1146,1173,1199]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 &amp; 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas &amp; George (1986)</bibRefCitation>
as occurring in the region is unrecognisable, and in their 1987 paper and in the publications of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FC48FB40FB54FB1C" author="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M." box="[905,1194,1209,1235]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref107997" refString="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M. (1987) Gorgonid resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Services, 74, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas &amp; George (1987)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FB74FB43FA62FB1C" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. &amp; Raghunathan, C. &amp; Raghuraman, R. &amp; Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Venkataraman, K." box="[1205,1436,1209,1236]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Kumar
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FAC9FB43FAC6FB1C" box="[1288,1336,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
. (2014a)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B48FFF2FF07FB24FE09FB38" author="Venkataraman, K. &amp; Jeyabaskaran, R. &amp; Raghuram, K. P. &amp; Alfred, J. R. B." box="[198,503,1245,1272]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 468" refId="ref109845" refString="Venkataraman, K., Jeyabaskaran, R., Raghuram, K. P. &amp; Alfred, J. R. B. (2004) Bibliography and checklist of corals and coral reef associated organisms of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Kolkatta, Occasional Paper, 226, 1 - 468." type="journal article" year="2004">
Venkataraman
<emphasis id="B955DB457B48FFF2FEACFB27FE60FB38" box="[365,414,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
just list the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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