141 lines
15 KiB
XML
141 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4C7F4E0F5E1363657D9458B0480C5DCA">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F6FB37A98938D317EF770279DA5C3AC">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="733D837C2FD32E786BFFCC47083B7E60" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2434D23876F1FED3B19F7E9B80C73260">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7A8A680540A4C3D9B7930911228E3348" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="65E5C6B2E7A8EE398F36A16EB9EEBF10">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2D53EDFEDD86CF63BB98C48BE4845E1" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="98A857F87CFE8A1D5C7B3AE8B95C2570">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2E79C699C377A0BCAA7F3ACCCAE3FC30">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C51223CA272B96E422DFCC2199D688D3">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="96FDBC16365D8118FE067B3B1D89F568">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B40FFFAFF56FC34FE8FF9A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639700" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639700" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B40FFFAFF56FC34FE8FF9A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B40FFFAFF56FC34FE8FF9A5" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B40FFFAFF56FC34FDA2FC28" box="[151,604,973,1000]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF56FC34FDA2FC28" blockId="86.[151,604,973,1000]" box="[151,604,973,1000]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B40FFFAFF56FC34FDA2FC28" bold="true" box="[151,604,973,1000]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFF56FC34FDA2FC28" ID-CoL="39BPX" authority="(Simpson, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,604,973,1000]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF56FC34FDA2FC28" bold="true" box="[151,604,973,1000]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF56FC34FE73FC27" bold="true" box="[151,397,973,1000]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ellisella ceylonensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFE5DFC34FDAAFC28" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[412,596,973,999]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="247 - 386" refId="ref106823" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1910) A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1, The Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royac Irish Academy, 28 B (7), 247 - 386." type="journal article" year="1910">Simpson, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B40FFFAFF56FBEBFD59FBBD" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF56FBEBFC09FBE5" blockId="86.[151,1015,1042,1066]" box="[151,1015,1042,1066]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B40FFFAFF56FBEBFC09FBE5" box="[151,1015,1042,1066]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B40FFFAFF56FBEBFD7DFBE5" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[151,643,1042,1066]" page="111" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFF56FBEBFD7DFBE5" ID-CoL="8ZC3D" authority="Simpson, 1910: 109 - 111" authorityName="Simpson" authorityPageNumber="109 - 111" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,643,1042,1066]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF56FBEBFE83FBE5" box="[151,381,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Scirpearia ceylonensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFE45FBEBFD7DFBE5" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[388,643,1042,1066]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="247 - 386" refId="ref106823" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1910) A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1, The Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royac Irish Academy, 28 B (7), 247 - 386." type="journal article" year="1910">Simpson, 1910: 109–111</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 105–107 (off Galle,
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B40FFFAFC45FBEBFC12FBE5" box="[900,1004,1042,1066]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF56FBA1FD59FBBD" blockId="86.[151,679,1112,1139]" box="[151,679,1112,1139]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B40FFFAFF56FB59FE8FF9A5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF56FB59FED7FB75" blockId="86.[151,1436,1184,1283]" box="[151,297,1184,1210]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF06FB3DFC41FACD" blockId="86.[151,1436,1184,1283]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF06FB3DFC36FB11" box="[199,968,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFC1DFB3DFB36FB11" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[988,1224,1220,1246]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 111</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 69, fig. 1–1d (Cuddalore);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFEECFB11FDAFFACD" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[301,593,1256,1283]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFE5FFB10FE31FACD" box="[414,463,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 232
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 105, fig. 1a–1d (Cuddalore).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF06FAC8FE8FF9A5" blockId="86.[151,1437,1328,1642]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF06FAC8FE64FA85" box="[199,410,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was first recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B40FFFAFC82FAC9FC4EFA85" box="[835,944,1328,1354]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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by Simpson under the old name
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFADEFAC9FA62FA85" box="[1311,1436,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFADEFAC9FA66FA85" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1817" box="[1311,1432,1328,1354]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scirpearia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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with only a few small sclerite illustrations. Given the small differences in sclerite shape among the nominal species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFF76FA81FEEAFA5D" authorityName=", Simpson" authorityYear="1910" box="[183,276,1400,1426]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF76FA81FEEAFA5D" box="[183,276,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ellisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this leaves the species extremely difficult to recognise. Kükenthal transferred the species to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFF56FA65FF0AFA79" authorityName=", Simpson" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,244,1436,1462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF56FA65FF0AFA79" box="[151,244,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ellisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and included
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFE5CFA65FCDBFA79" authority="Nutting, 1910" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[413,805,1436,1462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flavifera">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFE5CFA65FD82FA79" box="[413,636,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Verrucella flavifera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFD47FA65FCDBFA79" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[646,805,1436,1462]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym apparently with little evidence because Nutting did not specifically describe or figure the sclerites. The publications of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFBC6FA39FB3FFA15" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[1031,1217,1472,1498]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFB34FA39FF1CFA31" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFAA4FA38FA63FA15" box="[1381,1437,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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both present identical accounts, but without more detailed descriptions and larger illustrations of the sclerites it would be difficult to recognise their species. These authors had a white specimen with many polyps distributed on the branches, whereas the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B40FFFAFE25F9D5FDB8F989" box="[484,582,1580,1606]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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was orange-yellow with reddish polyps that were arranged in 2 single rows along the branches.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |