228 lines
28 KiB
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228 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="6FB9C71710E708F7683CCC0F0EFDEBD2" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B36FF8DFF56FA9AFBF9FDD6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parisis fruticosa Verrill 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="94C185BBD05B62FBD8EB548D4D9A8E66">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6AE109D9742AFAA2DB46AB57E9D55B9C">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F7474CAF0D623425DBFAED31A744DC4">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4407827B2A1FBCA864D0256EAAF50C9" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="704824CE9FF68752F32A939FBA164ACA">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DC5B889D9919EB032F56BC8BADEE2866">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="19073CF63B7F63C3A1D26B5FB9BADB7E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D8650B2813B6678B9277F402BA78CF1">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EB2396FC9E59795291E92E696631C694">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B36FF8DFF56FA9AFBF9FDD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641050" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641050" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B36FF8DFF56FA9AFBF9FDD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B36FF8DFF56FA9AFBF9FDD6" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B36FF8CFF56FA9AFDFEFAB3" box="[151,512,1378,1405]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B36FF8CFF56FA9AFDFEFAB3" blockId="32.[151,512,1378,1405]" box="[151,512,1378,1405]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B36FF8CFF56FA9AFDFEFAB3" bold="true" box="[151,512,1378,1405]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B36FF8CFF56FA9AFDFEFAB3" ID-CoL="4DMSY" authority="Verrill, 1864" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,512,1378,1405]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFF56FA9AFDFEFAB3" bold="true" box="[151,512,1378,1405]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFF56FA9AFEA0FAB3" bold="true" box="[151,350,1378,1405]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Parisis fruticosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFEA5FA9BFDFEFAB3" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[356,512,1378,1404]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="29 - 60" refId="ref110001" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1864) List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1, 29 - 60." type="journal article" year="1864">Verrill, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B36FF8CFF56FA51FC3BF9EE" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B36FF8CFF56FA51FECDFA11" blockId="32.[151,1436,1447,1569]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B36FF8CFF56FA51FECDFA11" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B36FF8CFF56FA51FE0CFA70" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,498,1447,1471]" page="37" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1864">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B36FF8CFF56FA51FE0CFA70" ID-CoL="4DMSY" authority="Verrill, 1864: 37" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,498,1447,1471]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFF56FA51FEBFFA70" box="[151,321,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Parisis fruticosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFE89FA5EFE0CFA70" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[328,498,1447,1471]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="29 - 60" refId="ref110001" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1864) List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1, 29 - 60." type="journal article" year="1864">Verrill, 1864: 37</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(Sulu Sea);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B36FF8CFDB5FA5EFCC2FA70" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[628,828,1447,1471]" page="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFDB5FA5EFCC2FA70" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[628,828,1447,1471]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff 1999: 13</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 13a, 14, 16a (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B36FF8CFBC0FA5EFB5CFA70" box="[1025,1186,1447,1471]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B36FF8CFB6DFA5EFA62FA70" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[1196,1436,1447,1471]" page="60" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFB6DFA5EFA62FA70" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[1196,1436,1447,1471]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff 2000: 60–61</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(Red Sea).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B36FF8CFF56FA1CFBEDFA33" blockId="32.[151,1436,1447,1569]" box="[151,1043,1508,1533]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B36FF8CFF56FA1CFBEDFA33" box="[151,1043,1508,1533]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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?
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B36FF8CFF68FA1CFD46FA32" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[169,696,1508,1533]" page="24" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B36FF8CFF68FA1CFD46FA32" ID-CoL="4DMSZ" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1906: 23 - 24" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityPageNumber="23 - 24" authorityYear="1906" box="[169,696,1508,1533]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFF68FA1CFEC8FA33" box="[169,310,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Parisis indica</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFEFCFA1DFD46FA32" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[317,696,1508,1533]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref108566" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1906) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 132 + xvi pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8279" type="book" year="1906">Thomson & Henderson, 1906: 23–24</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5, 8, 9 (Andamans).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B36FF8CFF56F9FEFC3BF9EE" blockId="32.[151,1436,1447,1569]" box="[151,965,1543,1569]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Opinion: The presence of this species in the region cannot be confirmed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B36FF8DFF56F9B6FBF9FDD6" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B36FF8CFF56F9B6FED7F9A6" blockId="32.[151,1436,1615,1785]" box="[151,297,1615,1641]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B36FF8CFF06F98AFC22F936" blockId="32.[151,1436,1615,1785]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFF06F98AFC31F942" box="[199,975,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">These Indian records are either unconfirmable or seem to be invalid:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFC14F98AFA8AF942" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[981,1396,1651,1677]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref108566" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1906) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 132 + xvi pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8279" type="book" year="1906">Thomson & Henderson 1906: 23–24</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5, 8, 9 (Andamans);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFE39F96EFC5EF97E" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[504,928,1687,1713]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson 1909: 176–179</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 74–75 (Andamans);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFB08F96EFEBDF91A" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="417 - 425" refId="ref108077" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1990) Discovery of a Deep water bed off Bombay and its qualitative appraisal. Proceedings First Workshop Scientific Result FORV Sagar Sampada, 1990, 417 - 425." type="journal article" year="1990">Thomas & George 1990: 418–419</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1G; fig. 1a, 1–9 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B36FF8CFDF0F942FD68F91A" box="[561,662,1723,1749]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mumbai</collectingCountry>
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);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFD69F942FC0FF91A" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." box="[680,1009,1722,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
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||
Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFCCBF942FCC5F91A" box="[778,827,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1998: 159–160
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</bibRefCitation>
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(SW coast);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFB42F942FAA6F91A" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[1155,1368,1722,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 25</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 6, fig. 2–2d (SE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFE47F926FD64F936" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[390,666,1759,1785]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFE36F926FDD6F936" box="[503,552,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 41
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 15, fig. 2–2d (SE coast).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B36FF8DFF06F8DEFAF6FF1A" blockId="32.[151,1437,1831,2037]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFF06F8DEFE60F88E" box="[199,414,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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||
: Species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B36FF8CFDF1F8DEFD81F88F" box="[560,639,1831,1856]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFDF1F8DEFD81F88F" box="[560,639,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Parisis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are characterised by the nature of the axis and of the coenenchymal sclerites, which include large tuberculate plates. Unfortunately, the sclerites of
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFBD3F8B2FB67F8AA" box="[1042,1177,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B36FF8CFBD3F8B2FB6BF8AA" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" box="[1042,1173,1867,1893]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">P. fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B36FF8CFB0BF8B2FB04F8AA" box="[1226,1274,1867,1893]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus, have never been figured leaving it as essentially unrecognisable. The best descriptions purporting to be of specimens of this species are those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFD84F86AFD01F862" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[581,767,1939,1965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFCCAF86AFCB9F862" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[779,839,1939,1965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B36FF8CFC9BF86AFC09F862" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1906" box="[858,1015,1939,1965]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFC9BF86AFC09F862" box="[858,1015,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Parisis indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B36FF8CFB55F86AFF1CF81E" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref108566" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1906) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 132 + xvi pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8279" type="book" year="1906">Thomson & Henderson (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from off the Andamans is considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B36FF8CFC8BF84EFC37F81E" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" box="[842,969,1975,2001]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B36FF8CFC8BF84EFC37F81E" box="[842,969,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">P. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the authors described the species has having spindles (up to 0.2 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B36FF8CFE23F823FDB7F83A" box="[482,585,2010,2037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
) forming a pavement like coenenchyme, which is quite different from the coenenchymal plates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B37FF8DFE4AFF6EFDF5FF7E" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" box="[395,523,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B37FF8DFE4AFF6EFDF5FF7E" box="[395,523,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B37FF8DFC33FF6EFBABFF7E" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1906" box="[1010,1109,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B37FF8DFC33FF6EFBABFF7E" box="[1010,1109,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not include any sclerites figures and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B37FF8DFE84FF42FE8BFF1A" box="[325,373,187,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
has never been revised, so at present it’s synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B37FF8DFC38FF42FB86FF1A" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" box="[1017,1144,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B37FF8DFC38FF42FB86FF1A" box="[1017,1144,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B37FF8DFF06FF26FAEDFE3A" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B37FF8DFF06FF26FDDFFF36" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[199,545,223,249]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson and Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave no sclerite illustrations in their description of the material they assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B37FF8DFF76FEFAFEC7FED2" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" box="[183,313,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B37FF8DFF76FEFAFEC7FED2" box="[183,313,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so it is impossible to verify their identification. The sclerite figures of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B37FF8DFBB2FEFAFA62FED2" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[1139,1436,259,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="417 - 425" refId="ref108077" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1990) Discovery of a Deep water bed off Bombay and its qualitative appraisal. Proceedings First Workshop Scientific Result FORV Sagar Sampada, 1990, 417 - 425." type="journal article" year="1990">Thomas & George (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are somewhat simplistic so it is not possible to say what species they were dealing with, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B37FF8DFB71FEDEFA62FE8E" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." box="[1200,1436,295,321]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Thomas
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B37FF8DFAD0FEDEFAB4FE8E" box="[1297,1354,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave no illustrations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B37FF8DFE4CFEB2FDB7FEAA" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[397,585,331,357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff (1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 16) only illustrated 4 sclerites from his
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B37FF8DFB89FEB2FB09FEAA" box="[1096,1271,331,357]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimen, but he compared them with those from another species and clearly showed how the detail of the warting on the outer surface of the large coenenchymal plates is important for discriminating between taxa, but the identical descriptions of the Indian material by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B37FF8DFE6EFE4EFD97FE1E" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[431,617,439,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B37FF8DFD5CFE4EFC6BFE1E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[669,917,439,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B37FF8DFCCCFE4EFCC0FE1E" box="[781,830,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figured images of sclerite mixtures that are far too small to be able to see any of the surface structure at all.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B37FF8DFCFFFE22FBE9FE3A" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[830,1047,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just listed the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B37FF8DFF06FE06FBF9FDD6" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,537]" box="[199,1031,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B490D0A7B37FF8DFF06FE06FBFAFDD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4029620308" box="[199,1028,511,537]" country="Indonesia" location="Sulu Sea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B37FF8DFF3BFE06FEA2FDD6" box="[250,348,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B37FF8DFE40FE06FDFFFDD6" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" box="[385,513,511,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parisididae" genus="Parisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B37FF8DFE40FE06FDFFFDD6" box="[385,513,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from the
|
||
<location id="8EFE518C7B37FF8DFCCDFE06FC91FDD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B36FF8DFF56FA9AFBF9FDD6:8EFE518C7B37FF8DFCCDFE06FC91FDD6" box="[780,879,511,537]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulu Sea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sulu Sea</location>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B37FF8DFC52FE06FBFAFDD6" box="[915,1028,511,537]" name="Indonesia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |