138 lines
15 KiB
XML
138 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3F4E57641F39B6A165E058B2746A8886">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E592C93FC5C1805DEB20128B039BE150">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E9BE5DFC40885F70FFF8320A03C26C44" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2FA15D898E9577C29CFD52AF3BCEEB74">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9398CC73A75C640536EF8A3BBADDFB72">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="034C2B11225470DF63F1019B038B3A04" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="812F08A08E09301450A1477805C8BEA6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5274FF90E82A0AA12ED1661A597EF33A">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2883983C4A29C75AE825AC40AC99B0FA">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B32FF89FF56F887FE03FDF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B32FF89FF56F887FE03FDF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B32FF89FF56F887FE03FDF2" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B32FF88FF56F887FBE7F857" box="[151,1049,1918,1945]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF56F887FBE7F857" blockId="36.[151,1049,1918,1945]" box="[151,1049,1918,1945]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B32FF88FF56F887FBE7F857" bold="true" box="[151,1049,1918,1945]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF56F887FBE7F857" bold="true" box="[151,1049,1918,1945]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FF56F887FD28F857" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,726,1918,1945]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrospiculata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF56F887FDF3F856" bold="true" box="[151,525,1918,1945]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthogorgia macrospiculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FDD4F886FD28F857" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[533,726,1918,1945]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(species status uncertain)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B32FF89FF56F83AFD59FF7E" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF56F83AFECAF835" blockId="36.[151,1436,1987,2042]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B32FF88FF56F83AFD34F814" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[151,714,1987,2011]" page="31" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="2011">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FF56F83AFD34F814" authority="Fernando, 2011: 30 - 31" authorityName="Fernando" authorityPageNumber="30 - 31" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,714,1987,2011]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrospiculata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF56F83AFE2DF814" box="[151,467,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthogorgia macrospiculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FE1BF83AFD34F814" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[474,714,1987,2011]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011: 30–31</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 9, fig. 2–2d (Yerwadi);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B32FF88FC2AF83AFB15F814" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1003,1259,1987,2011]" page="52" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="2017">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FC2AF83AFB15F814" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1003,1259,1987,2011]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FB93F83DFB7EF814" box="[1106,1152,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 52
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 20, fig. 1–1d (Yerwadi).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B33FF89FF56FF6EFD59FF7E" blockId="37.[151,679,151,177]" box="[151,679,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B33FF89FF56FF26FE03FDF2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B33FF89FF56FF26FED7FF36" blockId="37.[151,1436,223,573]" box="[151,297,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B33FF89FF06FEFAFE03FDF2" blockId="37.[151,1436,223,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B33FF89FF06FEFAFE65FED2" box="[199,411,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The accounts of the Indian material by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B33FF89FC9EFEFAFBE4FED2" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[863,1050,259,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B33FF89FB91FEFAFAB4FED2" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1104,1354,259,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B33FF89FB00FEFAFB0CFED2" box="[1217,1266,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are the same, and the material described is rather unusual. The growth form of the specimen is not that of an
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B33FF89FB34FEDEFA62FE8E" box="[1269,1436,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B33FF89FB34FEDEFA62FE8E" box="[1269,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Acanthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but rather of a plexaurid such as
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B33FF89FDD0FEB2FD4AFEAA" box="[529,692,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B33FF89FDD0FEB2FD51FEAA" box="[529,687,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Paraplexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Paraplexaura</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and the coenenchyme contains large, irregular spindles up to
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B33FF89FAB8FEB3FF3DFE46" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long with complex warts and spine-like branches, which is uncommon for an
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B33FF89FBE8FE96FB2EFE46" box="[1065,1232,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B33FF89FBE8FE96FB2EFE46" box="[1065,1232,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Acanthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, among the figured sclerites are some that look like the characteristic crown spines of an
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B33FF89FBD2FE6AFB44FE62" box="[1043,1210,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B33FF89FBD2FE6AFB44FE62" box="[1043,1210,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Acanthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B33FF89FB34FE6AFD85FE1E" authority="(Kukenthal & Gorzawski, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal & Gorzawski" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B33FF89FB34FE6AFEF7FE1E" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Acanthogorgia densiflora</emphasis>
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(Kükenthal & Gorzawski, 1908)
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</taxonomicName>
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as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B33FF89FCF6FE4EFBD4FE1E" author="Stiasny, G." box="[823,1066,438,465]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref107324" refString="Stiasny, G. (1947) De Gorgonarien-Familie Acanthogorgiidae Kukenth. & Gorz. (Met bijzondere Inachtneming van het Materiaal der Siboga-Expeditie.) Verhandelingen, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeling Natuurkunde, Tweede Sectie 43 (2), 1 - 93, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1947">Stiasny (1947: 25–28</bibRefCitation>
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, text figs. A, B) is an example of species with thorny spindles in the coenenchyme. Without a detailed description of the sclerites and close-up images of the polyps it is not possible to recognise this species, and without a revision of the genus it would probably be impossible to assess its validity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |